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A Diffusion/Contagion Model of Interracial Hostility The extent to which those opportunities are used to express hostility (transmission). The extent to which the expression of white hostility toward a fl person produces a feeling of hostility in the fl person (acceptance). The extent to which the expression of fl hostility toward a white person produces a feeling of hostility in the white person (acceptance). www.csuchico.edu /~ccturner/syllabi/diffusionmodel.html   (765 words)

Direct participation in hostilities Direct participation in hostilities by civilians entails loss of immunity from attack during the time of such participation and may also subject them, upon capture, to penal prosecution under the domestic law of the detaining state. Notwithstanding the divergences regarding the precise confines of direct participation, any interpretation of this notion should be narrow enough to protect civilians and maintain the meaning of the principle of distinction, while broad enough to meet the legitimate need of the armed forces to effectively respond to violence by non-combatants. Even though it is not a violation of IHL for a civilian to fight for his or her country, the lack of combatant or prisoner of war status implies that civilians directly participating in hostilities may be prosecuted under domestic law for their acts regardless of whether or not they violated IHL. www.icrc.org /Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/participation-hostilities-ihl-311205   (755 words)

The Avalon Project : Indochina - Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Viet-Nam, July 20, 1954 A provisional military demarcation line shall be fixed, on either side of which the forces of the two parties shall be regrouped after their withdrawal, the forces of the People's Army of Viet-Nam to the north of the line and the forces of the French Union to the south. In accordance with the principle of a simultaneous cease-fire throughout Indo-China, the cessation of hostilities shall be simultaneous throughout all parts of Viet-Nam, in all areas of hostilities and for all the forces of the two parties. Such replacements of war material, arms and munitions shall not be permitted for French Union troops stationed north of the provisional military demarcation line laid down in article 1 of the present Agreement, during the withdrawal period provided for in Article 2. www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/intdip/indoch/inch001.htm   (4260 words)

KtB - Our Lady of Minor Hostilities Hands, feet, and neck the only flesh visible, they model their garments as if cloth and obedience are all that they own. It has been a year since President Bush swooped down from the sky in his flight suit and declared "the end of major hostilities," and so it is particularly fitting, on the anniversary of that Annunciation, to be shown a picture, an icon, of what that actually means. The president has voiced "deep disgust" at the images of abuse by American soldiers, and yet they are inevitable faces of his ongoing war; a war made of petty violence and crude indignities that are bound to continue, because, outside of church basements, agreement in the face of unspeakable power can only look like death. www.killingthebuddha.com /damn_nation/minor_hostilities.htm   (393 words)

Sen. Aquilino Q. Pimentel - Speeches - STOP HOSTILITIES FOR THE PEOPLE’S SAKE   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The call for a cessation of hostilities, therefore, seeks to favor not the MILF but the people of Mindanao primarily and the people of the Philippines secondarily. We are asking that hostilities cease so that we can resume our conversations for the restoration of peace, at least, momentarily with the MILF and for the attainment of a just and lasting peace in Mindanao and the Republic eventually. Thus, the suggestion for an immediate cessation of hostilities to enable the government and the MILF to consider other options that may well solve the problem with a degree of finality. www.nenepimentel.org /speeches/20000509Mindanao.shtml   (1887 words)

Search Results for hostility - Encyclopædia Britannica Although the Hague Conventions, concerning the conduct of hostilities, apply to the states that are party to them in the event of war, the various Geneva Conventions of 1949 (and the 1977 Protocols... Hostilities may be suspended pending negotiation between the parties. Negotiation may, or may not, be preceded by the display of a white flag, which merely means that one side wishes to enter into... www.britannica.com /search?query=hostility&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT   (481 words)

Cessation of Hostilities; Framework agreement between GoI and the Free Acheh Movement HDC is encouraged that the cessation of hostilities is recognised by all participants as a necessary first step, and repeat that it can only be sustainable through all-inclusive dialogue, concrete actions towards fair and democratic elections and comprehensive programming aimed at addressing the root causes of conflict. Both sides also agree that hostilities and all acts of violence during the first three months from the time when the JSC and the monitoring team(s) become operational are very crucial as indicator of the seriousness of the commitment from both sides. If indeed hostilities and all acts of violence could decrease dramatically, or even cease altogether, during this first three month period, the Achenese and other Indonesian people, and the international community, would consider that the peace process would most likely succeed. www.achehtimes.com /news2002/120902.htm   (2490 words)

Mexican War -> The Course of Hostilities on Encyclopedia.com 2002   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Early in May, 1845, American troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor had been stationed at the Sabine River preliminary to an advance to the Rio Grande, the southern boundary claimed by Texas. On Apr. 25 a clash between the two armies occurred, and Taylor reported to Washington that hostilities had begun. On May 3 the guns of Matamoros began to shell Fort Brown (then Fort Taylor), an advanced American position near the present Brownsville, Tex. President Polk called these Mexican actions an invasion of American soil, and on May 13, 1846, the United States declared war. www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/MexicanW_TheCourseofHostilities.asp   (1125 words)

Convention (III) relative to the Opening of Hostilities. The Hague, 18 October 1907. The contracting Powers recognize that hostilities between themselves must not commence without previous and explicit warning, in the form either of a declaration of war, giving reasons, or of an ultimatum with conditional declaration of war. The existence of a state of war must be notified to the neutral Powers without delay, and shall not take effect in regard to them until after the receipt of a notification, which may, however, be given by telegraph. Done at The Hague, the 18th October, 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherland Government, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to the Powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference. www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/1907b.htm   (669 words)

Chapter Horse-radish <i>to</i> Hot of H by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy. He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; - - so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person. www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1199/22925/6.html   (243 words)

misbehaving.net: Defining and Categorizing Weblogs Helga, some of what you suggest is quite helpful--it would have been nice if you hadn't framed it in quite such a hostile way. Posted by: Liz Lawley at Jan 19, 2004 9:34:02 AM Well, it is good to get a response, even if people feel I have stated my point of view strongly. I do see a lot of people disagreeing with your (Danah and Liz) assumptions and your approach and saying so, and you guys seem to feel that people are making personal remarks when really they're only disagreeing with your plan or your idea. www.misbehaving.net /2004/01/defining_and_ca.html   (4476 words)

Security Council Unanimous on Ending Mideast Hostilities One of the most difficult points in drafting the resolution was devising a way to ensure that Hezbollah does not re-infiltrate the area once Israel withdraws. UNIFIL -- with its expanded number of troops and better equipment -- will not only monitor the cessation of hostilities and support the Lebanese army, but also will help ensure that humanitarian aid reaches civilians and assist the safe return of displaced civilians. as it deems within its capabilities to ensure that its area of operations is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind (and) to resist attempts by forceful means to prevent it from discharging its duties." It extended UNIFIL's mandate for one year. usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=August&x=20060812102805atiayduj0.6109234   (1327 words)

FM 27-10 Chptr 2 Hostilities Measures of control are normally taken with respect to at least persons known to be active or reserve members of a hostile army, persons who would be liable to service in the enemy forces, and persons who it is expected would furnish information or other aid to a hostile State. In modern practice at the outbreak of hostilities the expulsion of the citizens or subjects of the enemy is generally decreed from seaports, the area surrounding airbases, airports, and fortified places, areas of possible attack, and the actual or contemplated theaters of operation. A belligerent is likewise forbidden to compel the nationals of the hostile party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country, even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the war. faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~nstanton/Ch2.htm   (3730 words)

AUTHORIZATION FOR CONTINUING HOSTILITIES IN KOSOVO Section 4(a)(1) of the WPR requires the President to submit a report to Congress whenever, "[i]n the absence of a declaration of war," United States Armed Forces are introduced "into hostilities or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances." 50 U.S.C. § 1543(a)(1). In addition to requiring the President to seek approval for continuing hostilities, section 5(b) is also designed to hold Congress responsible for the ultimate decision over war and peace. On the question whether an appropriation statute enacted by a subsequent Congress constitutes authorization for continued hostilities, it is the intent of the subsequent Congress, as evidenced by the text and legislative history of the appropriation statute, that controls the analysis. www.usdoj.gov /olc/final.htm   (15131 words)

The Philosophy of War [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] This captures a particularly political-rationalistic account of war and warfare, i.e., that war needs to be explicitly declared and to be between states to be a war. Alternatively, the Oxford Dictionary expands the definition to include "any active hostility or struggle between living beings; a conflict between opposing forces or principles." This avoids the narrowness of a political-rationalist conception by admitting the possibility of metaphorical, non-violent clashes between systems of thought, such as of religious doctrines or of trading companies. This is derived from contextual common denominators, that is elements that are common to all wars, and which provide a useful and robust definition of the concept. www.iep.utm.edu /w/war.htm   (3858 words)

Iraq - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iraq Hussein took advantage of the end of hostilities to turn his combat-hardened army against Kurdish separatists, many of whom had sided with Iran. Although exports were then allowed under the oil-for-food plan Iraqi families had been selling off their possessions and had nothing left to sell. It was reported in March 1998 that seven years after the end of the Gulf War, an ‘epidemic’ of leukaemia and stomach cancer was claiming the lives of thousands of Iraqi civilians who lived near the war zone, including children who were not even born when hostilities ended. encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iraq   (4111 words)

Statement of ELCA Presiding Bishop "End of Overt Hostilities in Iraq War"   (Site not responding. Last check: ) During this most Holy Week of the year, I am encouraged by reports that major aspects of the war in Iraq are coming to an end. Even as overt hostilities subside, I am concerned that support for all affected by this war continue. The governing documents of this church call all ELCA pastors to "speak publicly to the world in solidarity with the poor and oppressed, calling for justice and proclaiming God's love for the world." Together with them I am committed to living out this shared calling and responsibility. www.elca.org /bishop/m_iraq_041603.html   (580 words)

ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Cessation of Hostilities Framework Agreement Between Government of the ...   (Site not responding. Last check: ) To enable this process to take place both parties agree to work with all speed on an agreement on cessation of hostilities with an adequate mechanism for accountability of the parties to such an agreement. b) Both sides also agree that hostilities and all acts of violence during the first three months from the time when the JSC and the monitoring team(s) become operational are very crucial as indicator of the seriousness of the commitment from both sides. If indeed hostilities and all acts of violence could decrease dramatically, or even cease altogether, during this first three month period, the Achehnese and other Indonesian people, and the international community, would consider that the peace process would most likely succeed. www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-64CNS5?OpenDocument   (1994 words)

Taiwan Nationalist Cites 'Consensus' With Chinese on Ending Hostilities (washingtonpost.com) Lien Chan, head of the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang, which ruled China until it fled to Taiwan in 1949 to escape victorious Communist forces, said Tuesday in an interview with The Washington Post that the channel he opened puts pressure on Taiwan's pro-independence president to seek a compromise with China. In a moment televised live on both sides of the strait, Lien shook hands Friday with President Hu Jintao, who controls a military that still points hundreds of missiles at Taiwan. Lien and Hu then unveiled a communique in which their two parties -- former sworn enemies -- vowed to seek a formal end to hostilities and increase economic ties. www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A35516-2005May4.html?nav=rss_world/asia/eastasia/china   (1153 words)

Advani hopes India, Pak will leave past hostilities   (Site not responding. Last check: ) New Delhi: Hoping that India and Pakistan would leave the past hostilities, the leader of Opposition and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) president L K Advani, who embarks on a week's visit to that country tomorrow (May 30, 2005), said the atmosphere between the two neighbours today is that of creating a "new future". Credit must also be given for valuable contributions made by parliamentarians and functionaries of various parties on both sides, as well as by civil society representatives as media persons, businessmen, lawyers, artists and cultural personalities, he added. "All this has created an atmosphere of hope that our two countries will be able to leave behind hostility of the past six decades and create a new future of peaceful, friendly and cooperative relations, befitting two sovereign nations that are more than neighbours connected by a border," Advani said. news.indiainfo.com /2005/05/29/2905pak-advani.html   (322 words)

www.mineweb.net | sections | gold & silver Armistice soon in Gold Fields hostilities?   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Harmony executive director Ferdi Dippenaar endorsed that, saying that the best way forward, by far, was for the warring parties to sit informally around a table. Even Cockerill said he was open to talks with Harmony; adding that he had held discussions with Swanepoel a week before the hostile bid was announced on October 18. Dippenaar argues that the prevailing level of hostility is all but intolerable, and that both parties, especially (and naturally) Gold Fields have an obligation to mitigate costs. www.mineweb.net /sections/gold_silver/397571.htm   (852 words)

Hostilities in Irak   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Prisoners-of-war must be treated humanely at all times and must be protected in particular against all acts of violence and intimidation, as well as against insults and public curiosity. Switzerland emphasises that international humanitarian law sets limits to the methods and means of conducting hostilities and that the use of arms which cause excessive injury is prohibited. The fact remains, however, that the Iraqi Government is to a large extent responsible for the outbreak of hostilities. www.admin.ch /ch/e/cf/brennpunkt/06.html   (2232 words)

Hostilities flare again in America's other war | csmonitor.com He was the first foreign aid worker killed in Afghanistan since the Taliban was ousted in 2001. US and Afghan officials say it is unclear whether the recent violence was born out of anger over the US-led war in Iraq - a hope that the US military would be less able to respond to continued hostility in Afghanistan while a fresh war raged in the Gulf. US military officials, however, are downplaying the recent attacks, saying levels of resistance remain roughly normal. www.csmonitor.com /2003/0331/p01s04-wosc.htm   (894 words)

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary - Letter H - Page 48 ) Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change. ) State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity. ) An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy. www.dvddemystifiziert.de /webster/h48.html   (1003 words)

War Powers Act of 1973 In the event the conferees are unable to agree within 48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement. (2) shall be construed as granting any authority to the President with respect to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situations wherein involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances which authority he would not have had in the absence of this joint resolution. If any provision of this joint resolution or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the joint resolution and the application of such provision to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~hst306/documents/war73.html   (943 words)

newsroom: press releases: Sudan: Cessation of Hostilities Critical to Peace Talks   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Five leading humanitarian organizations working in both southern and northern Sudan called upon the Government of Sudan, SPLM and international community to make substantial progress towards peace in the coming weeks, including maintaining and extending the current cessation of hostilities. CARE International, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Oxfam, Save the Children and Tearfund called upon influential governments and the United Nations to encourage the Sudanese parties to work towards a comprehensive and workable peace deal and to respect the cessation of hostilities agreement, which remains in force until March 31, 2003. They also asked both sides to extend the cessation of hostilities further - until the end of the negotiating process. www.careusa.org /newsroom/pressreleases/2003/jan/01222003_sudan.asp   (359 words)

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