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Topic: Hotchkiss machine gun

	First World War.com - Weapons of War - Machine Guns
		Machine guns of all armies were largely of the heavy variety and decidedly ill-suited to portability for use by rapidly advancing infantry troops.
		As the war developed machine guns were adapted for use on tanks on broken ground, particularly on the Western Front (where the majority of machine guns were deployed).
		Light machine guns were adopted too for incorporation into aircraft from 1915 onwards, for example the Vickers, particularly with the German adoption of interrupter equipment, which enabled the pilot to fire the gun through the aircraft's propeller blades.
	www.firstworldwar.com /weaponry/machineguns.htm (1049 words)

	Machine-Gun - LoveToKnow 1911
		The gun barrel was in reality a casing for 25 rifle barrels disposed around a common axis (the idea of obtaining sweeping effect by disposing the barrels slightly fan-wise had been tried and abandoned).
		Each gun was provided with four chambers, which were loaded with their 25 cartridges apiece by a charger, and fixed to the breech one after the other as quickly as the manipulation of the powerful retaining screw permitted.
		The guns in use are the Puteaux and the Hotchkiss.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Machine-Gun (10756 words)

	Divisional Machine Guns
		Machine gun companies that were attached to infantry battalions designated as division or brigade reserve for a particular mission were usually placed under direct command of their respective brigade commanders, to fill gaps of fire and to protect the brigade flanks.
		When in the former role, the guns were placed to cooperate with the field artillery units in neutralizing suspected enemy observation posts and machine guns during the attack and to sweep the approaches for possible enemy counterattacks after the capture of the final objective.
		Machine gun tactical doctrine dictated that in the defense the Hotchkiss guns should only rarely be located within 100 yards of the front line and that at least two-thirds of the guns should be echeloned back through the whole defensive position, located so that adjacent guns would be mutually supporting.
	www.worldwar1.com /dbc/divmguns.htm (1290 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Hotchkiss Guns
		The French army's standard heavy tripod mounted machine gun throughout the war was the Hotchkiss 8mm M1914 machine gun.
		This did not imply a particular dissatisfaction with the Hotchkiss gun however, simply a preference for lighter models such as the Chauchat.
		The M1909 was produced by the U.S. as the Benet-Mercie Machine Rifle (adopted in 1909) where they were used during the 1916 expedition to Mexico; and by the British as the.303 Hotchkiss Machine Gun Mark I. To "dig in" was to entrench oneself in (usually) a defensive position.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/mgun_hotchkiss.htm (373 words)

	Armament of Polish armoured vehicles 1918-39
		It was primarily used as a heavy machine gun, on a heavy four-leg "sledge" mount.
		In armoured forces, the machine gun wz.30 was adapted as a final armament of twin-turret light tanks Vickers E and 7TP, until 1939.
		Tank machine gun Châtellerault Mle 31 - and in a turret of R-35 tank (on the left, a 37mm gun SA-18 Puteaux and a telescopic sight are visible).
	derela.republika.pl /weap.htm (1927 words)

	::Machine Guns::
		Machine guns were one of the main killers in the war and accounted for many thousands of deaths.
		Machine guns could shoot hundreds of rounds of ammunition a minute and the standard military tactic of World War One was the infantry charge.
		This British Vickers machine gun is being fired by a team of two who are wearing early gas masks in case of a gas attack.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /machine_guns.htm (382 words)

	Machine Gun Science Projects, Machine Gun, In 1865 the French officer Reffye invented a machine gun with a total of 25 ...
		The machine gun has evolved through a variety of forms, but that used by the world's fighting forces today is a single-barreled automatic weapon.
		This machine, known as the multiple cannon (1450), is one of the earliest ancestors of the machine gun.
		Later the firing of the machine gun was synchronized with the propeller.
	www.4to40.com /earth/science/index.asp?article=earth_science_machinegun (487 words)

	Channel 4 – History – Lost Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Machine guns ruled the roost in No Man's Land, leaving no area uncovered with their overlapping arcs of fire.
		Most heavy machine guns worked on a system of recoil to automatically eject, reload and cock the weapon, and this great amount of movement, combined with high rates of fire, made the guns hot.
		Unlike the belt-fed machine guns common elsewhere, the Hotchkiss used 'bandes' or strips of bullets held in ridged clips.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/L/lostgeneration/ww1/heavy1.html (722 words)

	THE FRENCH CONNECTION II
		The Hotchkiss remained the primary medium-heavy machine gun used by the A.E.F throughout the summer of 1918 when most of the decisive battles of WWI were fought, and only replaced by the late arrival Browning in the fall of 1918.
		Among Hotchkiss' design accomplishments in France were a new metallic cartridge for the French government, and a 5-barrel revolving cannon that was manufactured in four variations; a 37mm and a 40mm version for fortifications, plus a 47mm and a 57mm version built for naval use.
		With 130+ pounds of gun and mount, plus all the ammo that is required to feed a machine gun of this capacity, it would have been necessary for soldiers to devise such a method to easily move the gun from one position to another without disassembly.
	www.tgca.net /french_connection_ii.htm (2544 words)

	Benjamin Berkeley Hotchkiss Biography \| World of Invention
		Hotchkiss also helped his family to develop a better percussion fuse, and, as a result, more Hotchkiss shells were used for rifled cannon s during the American Civil War than any other munitions manufacturer in the country.
		Hotchkiss designed a revolving-barrel machine gun and created a revolving cannon that destroyed a boat during trials, having hit the ship with 70 shots out of 119 fired.
		Hotchkiss was working on a new machine gun design when he died in 1885.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/benjamin-berkeley-hotchkiss-woi (359 words)

	Benjamin Hotchkiss
		Benjamin Hotchkiss was born in Watertown, Connecticut in 1826.
		He invented an improved type of cannon shell, a revolving-barrel machine gun (1872) and a bolt-action magazine rifle (1875).
		Hotchkiss died in 1885 but his company continued to produce the machine-gun and in 1897 it was adopted by the French Army.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWhotchkiss.htm (160 words)

	Members Page - N Hubert
		Although Hotchkiss died in 1885 the company continued to develop his pet project, the truly automatic gas operated heavy machine gun, and suceeded in producing the prototype by 1892.
		Over the following years the "Hotchkiss Machine Gun" was modified and improved so that by 1914 it had not only been in use by the French army since 1897 but was also in use and manufactured under licence by Britain and Japan.
		Throughout WW1 the Hotchkiss Machine Gun became one of the standard weapons in use by the French and British.
	www.mvt.org.uk /members_files/hubert_n.htm (750 words)

	Machine Gun \| World of Invention
		The Gatling gun was rendered obsolete by the automatic reciprocating machine gun invented by Hiram Maxim, which operated off the energy from the erupting shell.
		In the spring of 1915, machine guns transformed airplanes from observation crafts to a new type of weapon: a French World War I aviator, Roland Garros (1888-1918), acquired a trigger-to-cam linkage invented by French designer Raymond Saulnier (1881-1964) that allowed him to fire a machine gun through the propeller of his Morane plane.
		Other adaptations included mounting machine guns on the front of pusher planes--those with propellers in the rear--and placing rear gunners in a position to fire from the tail of the fuselage.
	www.bookrags.com /research/machine-gun-woi (1057 words)

	REME Weapons Collection - Machine Guns - 3
		This gun was so correct in conception that subsequent changes in the mechanism were of a relatively minor nature and many of the alterations were to reduce the original great weight.
		It was used against the Matabele in the campaign of 1897, on the NW frontier of India during the Chitral Expedition of 1895, during the Sudan Campaign in 1896 and again during the Boer War of 1889 to 1902.
		Like the MG 34 (Weapon No 123), this is a dual purpose machine gun and might be considered something of a pace setter in its method of manufacture.
	www.rememuseum.org.uk /arms/machguns/armmg3.htm (1601 words)

	History of the machine-gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Once the gun was loaded a single percussion cap was placed on a nipple on the iron frame and fired by a hammer, the flash passing through the frame to ignite all 24 cartridges.
		The gun was first used by Britain`s colonial forces in the Matabele war in 1893-94.
		The brave machine-gunners, with resolute look in shoulders and face, lay scarcely relaxed beside the oiled machines, which if you understood you could still use, and besides piles of littered brass, the empty cartridge-cases of hundreds of rounds which they had fired away before being bayoneted at their posts.
	www.pledgeco.com /inventions/machine-gun.htm (808 words)

	Everything about Ckm Wz. 30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Like in the case rifles and carbines, the machine guns used by the Polish Army in the Polish-Bolshevik War varied from Russian 7,62 mm M1910 Maxim to Austrian 1907 8 mm Schwarzlose MG M.07/12 and from German 7,92 mm Maschinengewehr 08 to French 8 mm Hotchkiss Mle 14.
		The Browning Model 1917 Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun used by the United States armed forces in World War I, World War II, Korea, and to a limited amount in Vietnam;it was also used by some other countries too.
		Although the Model 1917 was intended to be the principle US Army heavy machine gun in the war, in fact the Army was forced to purchase many foreign weapons and the French produced Hotchkiss 8 mm machine gun was actually the most numerous heavy machine gun used by the American Expeditionary Force.
	wikipedia.anuncios.es.wikimiki.org (9875 words)

	Hotchkiss company history (1867 - 1939) including military vehicles
		Modifications and improvements resulted in the definitive 'Hotchkiss gun' by 1914 and the weapon became one of the standard gas-operated heavy machine guns used by Britain, France and Japan.
		Hotchkiss was on its way to becoming one of the largest and most important mechanical and auto engineering companies in France.
		In 1956 Hotchkiss merged with Brandt to create Hotchkiss-Brandt and it was from the Brandt factory (complete with test track) in Stains on the Northern outskirts of Paris that the majority of the 27,628 Hotchkiss M201 jeeps based on the original MB design were produced for the French Government between 1957 and 1966.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Jeep_Man/hotchkis.htm (857 words)

	Light machine gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A light machine gun (commonly abbreviated LMG) is a categorization type (or class) of machine guns that are generally lighter than other machine guns of its period, and usually designed to be carried by an individual soldier, but sometimes with an assistant.
		In practice, they are either automatic rifles (machine rifles) or medium machine guns with a bipod, a stock, and sometimes a pistol grip.
		Usually, a light machine gun is intended to act as a support weapon, in that it can generate a greater volume of continuous automatic fire than the usual firearms carried by infantry soldiers, at the cost of greater weight and higher ammunition consumption.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Light_machine_gun (381 words)

	Hotchkiss Mle 1914 8mm French Heavy Machine Gun
		At the outset of the War, the French Army was equipped with the Hotchkiss-S:t Etienne HMG Mle 1907, but this gun soon proved to be less than satisfactory, and was thus replaced with this model, the Puteaux-Hotchkiss Mle 1914.
		After this the number of HMG:s in each HMG Company was increased to three, making the number of HMG:s per Infantry Regiment to a total of 36, and for each Infantry Division 108.
		In 1918 it was stipulated that each HMG Platoon should carry 3.918 Rounds per Gun, with a reserve at Company Level of of 3.048 Rounds.
	www.landships.freeservers.com /hotchkiss_mg_info.htm (367 words)

	Achtung Panzer! - Polish Armor 1939
		It was armed with a 7.92mm wz.25 machine guns and one 9mm wz.28 anti-aircraft machine gun.
		The gun could be dismounted if needed and towed by the vehicle for transport purposes along with fully armored trailer for 80 rounds of ammunition and three crew members.
		It was to be armed with 37mm gun and two 7.92mm machine guns and operated by four men crew.
	www.achtungpanzer.com /pol/poltk.htm (1734 words)

	small arms: Automatic Weapons
		Later types of machine guns, which fired rifle bullets with great rapidity and whose firing mechanism worked by either the power of the gun's recoil or the force of the expanding gases, were developed by Hiram
		The submachine gun, a light, portable automatic weapon fired either from the hip or the shoulder, was sometimes employed by the Germans and Italians during World War I. In the United States, J. Thompson, in cooperation with J. Blish, perfected (1920) one of the first notable submachine guns.
		It was used extensively in World War II as were more recently developed submachine guns such as the British Sten gun and the American weapon known as the M-3 or “grease gun” (because of its resemblance to the air-pressure devices used in automobile lubrication).
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0861139.html (419 words)

	Modern Firearms - Gatling, Vulcan, Minigun and others (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Further development resulted in some experimental, electrically driven,.60 caliber machine guns with 6 barrels, and, in 1956, the 6-barreled 20mm T171 gun was officially adopted as the M61 aircraft gun.
		This achievement is possible due to the fact that gun has multiple barrels, and the rate of fire per one barrel is about 1 000 rounds per minute or even less, allowing them to not to overheat.
		Another drawback of the Gatling-type guns, which is essential for aerial combat, is that the gun requires some time to get on to the full speed (rate of fire) after the trigger is pressed.
	world.guns.ru /machine/minigun-e.htm (1318 words)

	the 305th Machine Gun Battalion at Lorraine
		One of the guns, mounted on its tripod, stood at one side of the wide entrance to the billet and eventually one of the men summoned up enough courage to ask what it was.
		Slowly we warmed up to the old Hotchkiss guns and we came to have a real affection for them as there were very few stoppages, the bane of a machine gunner's existence.
		Tripod and gun weighed approximately fifty pounds apiece and as the breech block of the gun was made of case-hardened steel, shoulders had to toughen up to with-stand the sharp square corners.
	www.longwood.k12.ny.us /history/upton/smith2.htm (3565 words)

	[No title]
		Armstrong, David A. Bullets and Bureaucrats: The Machine Gun and the United States Army, 1861-1916.
		The Benet-Mercie air-cooled, gas- operated automatic machine rifle, model of 1909, also known as the Hotchkiss portable machine gun, was tested and adopted in 1909.
		Ord Dept. Handbook of the Lewis Machine Gun, Caliber.30, Model of 1917, 16 Nov 1917.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/academic/history/marshall/military/mil_hist_inst/w/wpns5.asc (597 words)

	Hotchkiss Machine Gun - Guns N Roses Net - www.spudgun.acemodeling.be (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Over the following years the "Hotchkiss Machine Gun" was modified and improved so that by 1914 it had...
		Throughout WW1 the Hotchkiss Machine Gun became one of the standard weapons...
		The Machine Gun has in the eyes of posterity become the weapon than more than any other, have come to symbolize the Great War.
	www.spudgun.acemodeling.be /guns-n-roses-net/hotchkiss-machine-gun.html (274 words)

	Forums at the Society - Hotchkiss Pack Saddlery (large images)
		I’ll also ask a friend in NZ for permission to post a photo of his Hotchkiss wallets and a more traditional style of gun bucket he has for the Portative which I think he says was used by the Light Horse.
		The earliest guns had a rather spindly bipod attached very near the muzzle, theres a good photo of a Indian team of the 18th King George's Own Lancers which illustrates this well in Chappells LMG booklet, dated July 1916.
		I suspect the the gun and equipment in the pic that Dave will be putting up for me from the series of 9 photos I have from the Pattern Room was one of the half a dozen guns brought over in about 1918.
	www.militaryhorse.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=4806 (1748 words)

	TK3 y TKS
		Their crew was 2 men (driver and shooter); the TKS was the subsequent model, introduced in 1934, enlarged the armour in the front zone to 10 mm, and got improvements in the assembly of the machine gun and the optic system.
		The TK-3 got it machine gun in the straight split of the front previous armour, the TKS changed to a “balcony”, in which the machine gun remained mounted upon a balloon.
		Near the end of the ’30 decade intents were done of improving the fire power of the TK-3 and the TKS, replacing the Hotchkiss machine gun by a 20 mm gun.
	www.choiquehobbies.com.ar /revista01/ingles/rev/tkse.htm (668 words)

	Guernsey Armouries Gun Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The tanks had either 37mm Puteaux SA-18 L/21 low velocity gun with 237 rounds or 8mm Hotchkiss M Mle.14 machine gun with up to 4800 rounds.
		During the 30’s the tanks had their machine guns changed to the Chatellerault receiving an unofficial designation FT-31.
		Other FT 17 turrets used included 8mm Hotchkiss machine gun, 37mm anti-tank gun and a turret without any armament as an observation point.
	www.cwgsy.net /community/guernseyarmouries/main_localdefence_1.htm (151 words)

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