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	Xiongnu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The original terms insisted on by the Han court were that, first, the chanyu or his representatives should come to the capital to pay homage; secondly, the chanyu should send a hostage prince; and thirdly, the chanyu should present tribute to the Han emperor.
		He travelled to Luoyang (the Han capital) to seek aid from the Han court, but at this time the Han court was in disorder from the clash between Grand General He Jin and the eunuchs, and the intervention of the warlord Dong Zhuo.
		Liu Yuan used 'Han' as the name of his state, hoping to tap into the lingering nostalgia for the glory of the Han dynasty, and established his capital in Pingyang.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xiongnu (3028 words)

	Sanguo Zhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Together with the Shi ji (Book of History), Han Shu (Book of Han) and Hou Han Shu (Book of the Later Han), Sanguo Zhi is part of the 'Four Histories', as well as the canon of histories known as the Twenty-Four Histories.
		After Jin conquered Shu, Chen became the Gentleman of Works, and was assigned to creating a history of the Three Kingdoms.
		This is to uphold the legitimacy of Jin as inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven from Wei.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sanguo_Zhi (901 words)

	South China in the Han Period, Rafe de Crespigny Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU
		Moreover, the period of the Han dynasty and the short-lived Qin which preceded it, from the third century BC to the third century AD, is a part of the iron age, not the bronze age, of China.
		This émigré Chinese state maintained its independence for almost a hundred years until the region was again conquered by the armies of Emperor Wu of Han in 112 BC, an achievement followed by acquisitions in the southwest of present-day Yunnan, notably the Tian kingdom in the region of the Tian Lake.
		We are told by Hou Han shu 86, 2849, that the territory of the Ailao people, west of the Dali Lake by the present-day Burmese frontier, incorporated into the empire in 69 AD, produced quantities of iron, copper, gold, lead, silver and tin, besides other rare and valuable commodities.
	www.anu.edu.au /asianstudies/decrespigny/southchina_han.html (2753 words)

	East Asian History Sourcebook: Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. - 1643 C.E.
		Many passages would be quite unintelligible to European and Han scholars alike, if we did not find the key for their correct meaning in parallel sentences conveying the same idea in different words.
		After the Han [Chinese] embassy had returned they [the Parthians] sent forth an embassy to follow the Han embassy to come and see the extent and greatness of the Han Empire.
		Whenever an extraordinary calamity or an untimely storm and rain occurs, the king is deposed and a new one elected, the deposed king resigning cheerfully.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/histdocts/Biblio17/A17/Chinese/romchin1.html (13231 words)

	Yuan An - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		CE 92) was a prominent scholar, administrator and statesman at the Han Dynasty courts of Emperor Zhang and Emperor He.
		The subsequent administrative and judicial proceedings were regarded with satisfaction by the Emperor and in 74, Yuan was recalled to the capital to serve as Intendant of He'nan, with executive responsibilities in the territory surrounding Luoyang.
		After the collapse of the Han empire in 189, his great-great-grandsons Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu formed their own warlord fiefdoms in north China.
	www.iridis.com /Yuan_An (807 words)

	The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin, Rafe de Crespigny Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU
		Yuan Shu was driven south of the Huai River in 193, Tao Qian was destroyed in 194, and Liu Bei surrendered in 196.
		Immediately to the north of Liu Zhang's territory, Hanzhong commandery on the upper Han River in present-day southern Shenxi was under the theocratic government of Zhang Lu, leader of the Five Pecks of Rice sect, recognised by the present-day Taoist church as third patriarch of the Celestial Masters.
		By the end of Han, however, through their natural alliance with peers and colleagues in local government, selection had come largely into the hands of the local gentry, and the program was rather a source of influence for great families than a reliable means of obtaining servants for the state.
	www.anu.edu.au /asianstudies/decrespigny/3KWJin.html (15709 words)

	Ta-Yuan - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Ta-Yuan (in Ferghana) was one of the three advanced civilizations of Central Asia around 130 BCE, together with Parthia and Greco-Bactria (Hou Han Shu, Han Chinese Chronicles).
		According to the Han Chronicles, following a crushing defeat in 162 BCE by the Xiongnu (Huns), the Yueh-Chih fled from the Tarim Basin towards the west, crossed the neighbouring urban civilization of the Ta-Yuan in Ferghana, and re-settled north of the Oxus in modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		Hou Han Shu, as translated by A. Wylie in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vols.
	www.free-definition.com /Dawan.html (1382 words)

	The Han Histories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Hou Hanshu, the official history of the Later (or ‘Eastern’) Han Dynasty (25-221 CE), was compiled by Fan Ye, who died in 445 CE.
		Thus, in the Hou Hanshu, we find references to the ‘King of Da Qin’ (that is, the king of Rome) and, at the same time, subject territories such as Egypt, or the ‘Roman Orient,’ are also referred to simply as Da Qin.
		The basic units of measurement employed in the Hou Hanshu, the 里 li and the 尺 chi, have varied considerably through the ages and, at times, from district to district.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html (6371 words)

	From the Hou-Han-Shu, chs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The city [Hira] of the country of T'iao-chih [Babylonia] is situated on a peninsula; its circumference is over forty li and it borders on the western sea [Persian Gulf/Indian Ocean].
		When the embassies of neighboring countries come to their frontier, they are driven by post to the capital, and, on arrival, are presented with golden money.
		This lasted till the ninth year of the Yen-hsi period during the emperor Huan-ti's reign [166 C.E.] when the king of Ta-ts'in, An-tun [Marcus Aurelius Antoninus], sent an embassy who, from the frontier of Jih-nan [Annam] offered ivory, rhinoceros horns, and tortoise shell.
	www.alvernia.edu /academics/history/silbey/history121/ChineseviewofRome.html (1435 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - Han Dynasty General Ban Chao
		During the Han Dynasty (early 50-60 ADs), General Ban Chao proposed to the emperor the fruits of colonizing the western regions.
		On his departure, the Indo-Iranian peoples of the western regions, who had come to respect and admire the justice of this Chinese envoy, and appreciated the peace and order which Han Chinese suzerainty had introduced to their lands, were filled with despair, and implored him to remain.
		The identification of the countries visited by the Chinese envoy still has been the subject of considerable debate and dispute, but recent studies based upon the directions given in the Hou Han Shu have established that it was not the Persian Gulf, but the Black Sea, that Gan Ying reached.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=763&t=763 (1310 words)

	Learn Kendo Discussion :: View topic - JAPAN's early contact(s) with CHINA and KOREA...
		Yao Silian's "Liang Shu" (History of Southern Liang Dynasty) further mentioned that the two statelets of Luo-guo and Heichi-guo were 4,000 Chinese li distance to the southeast of Japan or 1-year sea journey by boat.
		"Liang Shu" also recorded an island 10,000 li to the southwest of Japan where people, of fl body and white eyes, were said to have delicious meat on their body; it said that travellers would shoot to kill those islanders for eating them.
		"Hou Han Shu", written in 5th century, stated on basis of "San Guo Zhi" that "the King of Wa resides in the country of Yamadai (disputed to be Yamaichi as a result of the error by the author of "Hou Han Shu).
	learnkendo.cheness.com /viewtopic.php?t=295 (9444 words)

	Administrative Documents from Yinwan
		As in Chapter 28 of the Han shu, these documents give the total figures for the registered population in terms of households (hu 戶) and individuals (kou 口), as follows:(1)Document YM6D1: 266,290 households; 1,397,34 individuals (2)Han shu 28A, p.
		In the figures that are given in the documents, the ratio of household to individual stands at 1:5.2; this is somewhat higher than the general ratio of 1:4.6 that derives from the figures given in the Han shu for the whole empire at AD 1-2.
		E.g., see Han Tang bi hua 漢唐壁畫, Plates 9 and 11, for paintings from Wangdu tomb no. 1, and Helinge'er Han mu bihua 和林格爾漢墓壁畫, p.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /earlychina/res/resnotes/yinwan.html (595 words)

	Introduction to Sun Tzu on The Art of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The fact that the HAN CHIH mentions no work of Sun Tzu except the 82 P`IEN, whereas the Sui and T`ang bibliographies give the titles of others in addition to the "13 chapters," is good proof, Pi I-hsun thinks, that all of these were contained in the 82 P`IEN.
		Thus, the SSU K`U CH`UAN SHU says: "The mention of the 13 chapters in the SHIH CHI shows that they were in existence before the HAN CHIH, and that latter accretions are not to be considered part of the original work.
		The Han Emperor Kuang Wu [25-57 A.D.] apparently quotes from it in one of his proclamations; but the passage in question may have been inserted later on, in order to prove the genuineness of the work.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/gthursby/taoism/sunntro.htm (10304 words)

	Review of Mattos: The stone drums of Ch'in - Title
		It is also interesting to note that Li Xian, in the period when the work on the Hou Han shu commentary was in progress, had among his titles Prince of Yong (Yong wang) and Governor of Yong (Yong mu).
		Clearly one of the Hou Han shu commentators must have seen the Stone Drum inscriptions: either the actual stones or a copy or a rubbing.
		[13] Han Wei et al.: "Qin du Yong cheng zuantan shijue jianbao", Kaogu yu wenwu, 1985.2.: 7-20; "Fengxiang Qin Gong lingyuan di-er-ci zuantan jianbao", Wenwu, 1987.5: 55-65; "Qin du Yong cheng kaogu fajue yanjiu zongshu", Kaogu yu wenwu, 1988.5/6: 111-127.
	www.staff.hum.ku.dk /dbwagner/MATTOS/MATTOS.html (4891 words)

	Classical Chinese reader - Introduction
		Reading or re-reading the chapter on the Han period in any general work on Chinese history, whichever one you are already familiar with, should provide an adequate (though minimal) background as you start on the textbook.
		Before reading further in the research literature on Han history it will be important to be familiar with the historical sources for the period.
		The last of the Han: Being the chronicle of the years 181-220 A.D. as recorded in chapters 58-68 of the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien of Ssu-ma Kuang (Centre of Oriental Studies, Monograph 9).
	www.staff.hum.ku.dk /dbwagner/TB/TB.html (5640 words)

	Chinese History - Han Dynasty literature, thought, and philosophy (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The orthodox Confucianism of the Han Dynasty was not identical to the man-centered philosophy of Confucius who stressed good behaviour of the ruler according to the old customs.
		The most famous interpretors are four persons from the end of the Han Dynasty, Jia Kui è³éµ, Ma Rong é¦¬è, Cai Yong è”¡é• and Zheng Xuan éç, who did not focus their work on one single book like people before but who saw instead the Confucian Classics as being interpreted as a whole unit.
		We possess a corpus of stories and inofficial histories from the Han Dynasty, and some fragments that are preserved within the commentaries to the official histories.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Han/han-literature.html (1492 words)

	Alans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Now the Aorsi live along the Tanaïs, but the Siraces live along the Achardeüs, which flows from the Caucasus and empties into Lake Maeotis."
		Secure identifications of names and places in the ancient Chinese chronicles are even more speculative, but some centuries later, the Later Han Dynasty Chinese chronicle, the Hou Han Shu (covering the period from 25 - 220), mentioned a report that the steppe land Yen-ts’ai was now known as Alan-liao.
		Their way of life and dress are the same as those of Kangju."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alans (1947 words)

	3kingdoms.net Frontier Palace - The Historical Nanman campaigns.
		Yet Pei Songzhi gave the actual reason why he went south by quoting from Han Jin Chun Qiu, written by Xi Cuozi, historian of Eastern Jin and this is where the incident of Yong Kai and Meng Huo's rebellion appeared.
		It is noted that Hou Han Shu got the dates of the Yellow Turban rebellion correct while SGZ got them wrong.
		There are accounts his father was arrested by Zhuge Liang, that he was always at odds with Zhuge Zhan, and one incident when the descendents of Ding Yi (supporter of Cao Zhi but later executed by Cao Pi) bribed Chen Shou in order to include their ancestor in Cao Zhi's SGZ biography.
	www.3kingdoms.net /forum/printthread.php?threadid=5893 (2332 words)

	Ta-Yuan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		According to the Han Chronicles, following a crushing defeat in 162 BCE by the Xiongnu (Huns), the Yueh-Chih fled from the Tarim Basin towards the west, by-passed the neighbouring urban civilization of the Ta-Yuan in Ferghana, and re-settled north of the Oxus in modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		Following the reports of Zhang Qian (who was originally sent to obtain an alliance with the Yueh-Chih against the Xiong-Nu, in vain), the Chinese emperor Wu-Ti became interested in developing commercial relationships with the sophisticated urban civilizations of Ferghana, Bactria and Parthia:
		''Han Shu'', as translated by A. Wylie in the ''Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland'', Vols.
	goc.subdomain.de /Ta-Yuan (1599 words)

	Liu Long (Shangdi) - Eastern (Later) Han Ruler and Emperor Biographies - English
		This was done to prolong the rule of the Empress-dowager’s family.
		Knowing that a child, let alone a baby could not rule, the Han Empress’ power would be solidified.
		Liu Long was a weak baby, and died before he reached the age of one.
	www.kongming.net /novel/han/liulong.php (129 words)

	Liu Yu (Andi) - Eastern (Later) Han Ruler and Emperor Biographies - English
		After Shang Di’s unfortunate short life, his cousin Liu Yu was placed on the throne by the Empress-dowager Deng at the age of twelve.
		Another weak Han Emperor, An Di left politics to his wife’s family, the Yan.
		His reign was beset by continuous natural disasters and military problems, particularly in Central Asia.
	www.kongming.net /novel/han/liuyu.php (169 words)

	The Early History of Hemp
		The dynastic history Hou-Han Shu attributes the invention of paper in 105 AD to Marquis Cai Lun, who was prefect of the masters of Techniques during the reign of Emperor He Di.
		Archaeologists, however, have recovered older specimens of hemp paper from the Western and Eastern Han periods in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi, so it is apparent that Cai Lun actually supervised the art of papermaking by craftsmen, though he also worked to promote its use in the imperial bureaucracy.
		Another piece from the Late Han period was found with a mummy in a tomb in Min-feng (Sinkiang).
	www.rexresearch.com /hhist/hhist1~1.htm (15588 words)

	Nabataean Travel: China
		The Hou Han shu, the official history of the Later (or ‘Eastern’) Han Dynasty (25-221 CE), was compiled by Fan Ye, who died in 445 AD.
		Fan Ye used a number of earlier histories, including the Shi ji by Sima Qian and the Han shu by Ban Gu plus many others (including some that were also entitled Hou Han shu), most of which have not survived intact.
		The Xiyu chuan (“Chapter on the Western Regions”) from Hou Han shu 88 (25-55 AD) Translated by John E. Hill.
	www.nabataea.net /ctexts.html (541 words)

	THE NUCLEAR POSITION OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINESE CIVILIZATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The mainly agricultural Han adopted the Tartar costume, improving and beautifying it.
		Due to the poor economy of the West Han Dynasty, according to the Book of Shi Ji, "generals and ministers might ride in vehicles drawn by cattle" and "some poor feudal princes might ride in vehicles drawn by cattle".
		By kind permission of the Han Wu Emperor, feudal princes who are widowers, weak and poor are allowed to ride in cattle-drawn vehicles and after awhile, it was considered a vehicle of higher class.
	www.carleton.ca /~bgordon/Rice/papers/chen97.htm (12359 words)

	Theater of combat: A critical look at the Chinese martial arts
		Han shu was written, and so commonplace as to need no comment.
		Once [Huang] Hui had more than ten men splash him with water, but they were unable to touch him [with the water because he was swinging his sword so quickly]." [16] Like many contemporary kung-fu tales, this story stretches the bounds of credibility somewhat, and has interesting theatrical overtones.
		One of China's oldest books, the Book of Songs, documents an early division of theatrical performances into civil and military; the Rites of Chou describes a "dance with bows and arrows"; and texts and stone reliefs from the Hah dynasty attest to martial acrobatic performances.
	ccbs.ntu.edu.tw /FULLTEXT/JR-ADM/holcom.htm (7275 words)

	VOGELSANG, Willem (2002) The Afghans, Oxford, Blackwell
		The earliest copper coins referring to a leader of the Kushans are apparently those by the enigmatic Heraus or Heraeus, although his identity remains a problem.
		According to the Hou Han shu, and if our identifications are correct, Kujula Kadphises was succeeded by Yangaozhen (Yen-kaochen), who extended the Kushan empire to the east, deep into the Indian subcontinent.
		Whether he should also be identified with the Yangaozhen of the Hou Han shu remains a moot point.
	www.upf.es /materials/huma/central/historia/xinamon/virtuals/vogels.htm (4611 words)

	Powell's Books - Classical Chinese: Supplement 3: Selections from Historical Texts by Haitao Tang
		Each unfolds a fascinating account of the historical events and figures that represent certain salient values or distinctive cultural characteristics of what has come to be the Chinese tradition.
		The Han Shu, by Ban Gu, recounts the history of a single dynasty and is known for its dynastic style in depicting history.
		The Hou Han Shu, by Fan Ye, and the San Guo Zhi, by Chen Shou, continue this tradition of excellence.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=1-0691118345-0 (348 words)

	> > Compare UK book prices. Three Generals of Later Han: an Annotated Translation of the Biographies of Huangfu Gui, ...
		Three Generals of Later Han: an Annotated Translation of the Biographies of Huangfu Gui, Zhang Huan and Duan Jiong from Chapter 65 of Hou Han Shu, Gregory Young.
		Three Generals of Later Han: an Annotated Translation of the Biographies of Huangfu Gui, Zhang Huan and Duan Jiong from Chapter 65 of Hou Han Shu
		Above is a book price comparison of "Three Generals of Later Han: an Annotated Translation of the Biographies of Huangfu Gui, Zhang Huan and Duan Jiong from Chapter 65 of Hou Han Shu".
	www.best-book-price.co.uk /compare-book-price-code-0867845260.html (347 words)

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