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Topic: Hounsfield units

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Hounsfield scale

Radiodensity

Godfrey Hounsfield

Computed axial tomography

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Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield

	Converting CT Data to Hounsfield Units
		The pixel value is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale.
		Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000 HU, bone is typically +400 HU or greater and metallic implants are usually +1000 HU.
		To convert from the normal units found in CT data (a typical data set ranges from 0 to 4000 or so) you have to apply a linear transformation of the data.
	www.dfanning.com /fileio_tips/hounsfield.html (438 words)

	Godfrey Hounsfield Summary
		His name is immortalised in the Hounsfield scale, a quantitative measure of radiodensity used in evaluating CAT scans.
		Hounsfield built the prototype head scanner and tested it first on a preserved human brain, then on a fresh cow brain from a butcher shop, and later on himself.
		Hounsfield was born in Nottinghamshire, England in 1919.
	www.bookrags.com /Godfrey_Hounsfield (2261 words)

	Godfrey Hounsfield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His name is immortalised in the Hounsfield scale, a quantitative measure of radiodensity used in evaluating CAT scans.
		Hounsfield built the prototype head scanner and tested it first on a preserved human brain, then on a fresh cow brain from a butcher shop, and later on himself.
		Hounsfield was born on a farm in Nottinghamshire, England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Godfrey_Newbold_Hounsfield (445 words)

	Hounsfield scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hounsfield scale is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensity.
		It was established by Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, one of the principal engineers and developers of computed axial tomography (CAT, or CT scans).
		Specifically, Hounsfield defined 0 Hounsfield units (HU) as the radiodensity of distilled water at standard pressure and temperature, and -1000 HU as the radiodensity of air.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hounsfield_scale (196 words)

	Units: H
		The unit is used mostly in British Commonwealth countries, especially India, where it provides a metric unit comparable to the traditional English acre foot.
		Although meteorologists in various countries use the hectopascal as a kind of alias for the millibar, the natural SI unit for air pressure is the kilopascal.
		In the United States, a hogshead is defined to hold 2 barrels, or 63 gallons; this was the traditional British wine hogshead.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/units/dictH.html (3879 words)

	Computed tomography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The CT system was invented in 1972 by Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield of EMI Central Research Laboratories (now Sensaura [1] owned by Creative Technology Ltd.) using X-rays.
		The pixel itself is displayed according to the mean attenuation of the tissue that it corresponds to on a scale from −1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale.
		Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is −1000 HU, bone is typically +400 HU or greater and metallic implants are usually +1000 HU.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computed_axial_tomography (1529 words)

	Hounsfield, Godfrey - Talk Medical
		Hounsfield, Godfrey: (1919-2004) British electrical engineer whose contributions to the creation of the computerized axial tomography scanner (the CAT scan) won him a share of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979.
		Hounsfield shared the award with the South African-born scientist Allan M. Cormack (1924-1998) who spent much of his career in the US.
		Godfrey Hounsfield led a team that built the first all-transistor computer in the UK and then he applied that knowledge to the development of the CAT scanner, which relied on powerful computers to assemble its images.
	www.talkmd.com /medical-dictionary/print-6985 (150 words)

	Hounsfield, Godfrey definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Hounsfield, Godfrey: (1919-2004) British electrical engineer whose contributions to the creation of the computerized axial tomography scanner (the CAT scan) won him a share of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979.
		Hounsfield shared the award with the South African-born scientist Allan M. Cormack (1924-1998) who spent much of his career in the US.
		Godfrey Hounsfield led a team that built the first all-transistor computer in the UK and then he applied that knowledge to the development of the CAT scanner, which relied on powerful computers to assemble its images.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=38583 (200 words)

	Godfrey Hounsfield - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At the time, Hounsfield was not aware of the work that Cormack had done on the theorectical mathematics for such a device.
		In World War II, he joined the Royal Air Force as a volunteer reservist where he learned the basics of electronics and radar.
		Godfrey Hounsfield and the Invention of Cat Scans (Unlocking the Secrets of Science)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /godfrey_hounsfield.htm (427 words)

	Computed Tomography - Lecture VI
		Early CT units were capable of only axial tomography, and the term computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning became a popular acronym.
		The gantry is the movable frame of the CT unit.
		Hounsfield units (HU), or CT numbers, represent the tissue density values for each pixel.
	www.oit.edu /~caldweld/rdsc103/LectVI.htm (878 words)

	e-NoDeS: The Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hounsfield units (HU) were introduced by Sir Godfrey N. Hounsfield.
		Hounsfield units are attenuation units used in CT scan interpretation.
		The closer the computed similarity is to 1, the higher the likelihood that the space being compared to is a perfect match to the nodule template.
	www.engg.upd.edu.ph /~naval/cs198/2004/enodes/project.htm (1698 words)

	16-bit Image Display
		The pixels of a CT image, for example, are proportional to tissue electron density and are usually expressed in Hounsfield Units, which roughly cover the numerical range -1000 to +1000.
		Hounsfield Units) to be displayed (ie the "window" width) and the numerical midpoint of that range (the "level").
		Hounsfield Units) mode you must manually enter the display range bounds and set the mode to "Hounsfield Units" in the preferences dialog.
	radonc.usc.edu /USCRadOnc/Madena/MadenaDICOM.html (1471 words)

	Hounsfield unit density in the determination of urinary stone composition. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hounsfield unit density in the determination of urinary stone composition.
		Hounsfield unit density in the determination of urinary stone composition.OBJECTIVES: Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) has emerged as the diagnostic study of choice in the evaluation of acute flank pain.
		Recent in vitro studies have suggested that NCCT can be used to predict the composition of urinary stones on the basis of differences in radiodensity (measured in Hounsfield units, HUs).
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9039843.html (367 words)

	Blog of Death: Godfrey Hounsfield
		Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, a British electrical engineer and Nobel laureate who pioneered the development of the CAT scan, died on Aug. 12.
		Although Hounsfield was born near Newark, England, and raised on a farm, his interest in science developed at an early age.
		In 1967, Hounsfield was taking a walk through the countryside when he first dreamed of a machine that could process hundreds of X-ray beams to obtain an internal display of a box.
	www.blogofdeath.com /archives/001152.html (487 words)

	Hounsfield units Definition / Hounsfield units Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Hounsfield scale is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensityRadiodensity is the property of relative transparency to the passage of X-rays through a material.
		It was established by Sir Godfrey Newbold HounsfieldSir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (28 August 1919 - 12 August 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique of computerized axial tomography (CAT)....
		The X-ray slice data is generated using an X-ray source that rotates around the object; X-ray sensors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source.
	www.elresearch.com /Hounsfield_units (121 words)

	Clínica de Urologia Dr. Charles Rosenblatt
		Hounsfield units = units of x-ray attenuation used in computed tomographic scanning.
		The density of a renal mass is reported in Hounsfield units (H).6,7 The Hounsfield measurements of the relative densities of various substances, including tissues, are presented in Table 2
		These lesions are round or oval in shape, are unilocular with the uniform density of water, have no perceptible wall and exhibit no enhancement on radiographs taken after the administration of contrast medium.
	www.urologista.com /crosenblatt/rim/rim.asp (6985 words)

	World J Gastroenterol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The mean precontrast hounsfield units were 30.41±5.01 and the mean postcontrast hounsfield units were 51.80±9.24.
		According to our results, the precontrast hounsfield units of the tumors were 30.41±5.01 and the postcontrast hounsfield units were 51.80±9.24.
		We believe that precontrast hounsfield units of 30 to 35 and postcontrast hounsfield units of 50 to 60 are indicative of GISTs on CT.
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/10/2417.asp (1565 words)

	Paper: -- :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In order to guarantee a precise treatment, it is important to obtain the relationship between CT Hounsfield units and electron densities (or proton stopping powers for proton radiotherapy), which is the basic input for radiotherapy planning systems which consider tissue heterogeneities.
		The accuracy of dose calibrations based on such CT data is partly determined by the precision of the calibration of CT Hounsfield units to relative electron density (Constantinou and Harrington 1992) or to relative proton stopping power for proton radiotherapy.
		Firstly the measurement of the Hounsfield value of homogeneousmaterial can vary between 1 and 2% (Constantinou and Harrington 1992) and is also dependenton the location of the material in the image, a variation that can reach up to 3% (Moyers et at 1993).
	www.medical-papers.com /tissue+calibration+proton+relative+stopping (490 words)

	Mäule, Michael:Densitometrische Untersuchungen anhand der Computertomographie an der distalen Vordergliedmaße beim ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Quantitative Computed Tomography utilizes the effect of varying x-ray beam attenuation in different tissues in relation to the relative density of these tissues and is expressed in Hounsfield Units.
		The results are documented on picture prints of each level and listed in a table.ResultsOn the basis of this study it was possible to determine the mean density expressed in Hounsfield Units and the actual areal extension in the cross section of a variety of tissues in the important anatomical structures of the distal limb.
		Additional research in quantitative computed tomography is required to establish reference fields of average Hounsfield Units for specific breeds such as thoroughbreds, jumping horses or horses for general useage.
	library.vetmed.fu-berlin.de /diss-abstracts/126684.html (559 words)

	Hounsfield - Godfrey Hounsfield -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His name is immortalised in the Hounsfield scale, a quantitative measure of The scale is defined in Hounsfield units (symbol HF), running from air at
		Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1979 for inventing Dr. Hounsfield grew up on his father’s farm in Nottinghamshire, England,
		Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (28 August 1919 - 12 August 2004) was an (An The scale is defined in Hounsfield units (symbol HF), running from air at
	globalinfoplus.com /?q=hounsfield (261 words)

	NPL Beginners Guides to Measurement - Ionising Radiation
		The unit of absorbed dose is the gray (Gy), which is one joule per kilogram.
		The unit of equivalent dose is the sievert (Sv), which is one joule per kilogram.
		The unit of radioactivity is the becquerel (Bq), this is equal to one nuclear disintegration per second.
	www.npl.co.uk /publications/ionising_radiation (912 words)

	Computed axial tomography Article, Computedaxialtomography Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The system was invented in 1972 by Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories using x-rays.
		The pixel itself is displayedaccording to the mean attenuation of the tissue that it corresponds to on a scale from -1024 to +3071 on the Hounsfield scale.
		Water has an attenuation of 0 Hounsfield units (HU) while air is -1000HU, bone is typically +400HU orgreater and metallic implants are usually +1000HU.
	www.anoca.org /ct/images/computed_axial_tomography.html (443 words)

	[No title]
		Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, a British electrical engineer whose work in creating the computerized axial tomography scanner, the CAT scan, a diagnostic tool used in hospitals worldwide, won him a Nobel Prize, died Aug. 12 at New Victoria Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, England.
		"The CAT scanner revolutionized medical care in the United States and throughout the world," said Dr. James A. Brink, interim chairman of diagnostic radiology at the Yale University School of Medicine.
		Hounsfield was born on Aug. 28, 1919, in Newark, England.
	web.missouri.edu /~glaserr/current_news/Article_Hounsfield.html (531 words)

	Sir Godfrey Hounsfield; helped develop the CT scan; 84 \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, a British electrical engineer whose work in creating the computerized axial tomography scanner, the CT scan, a diagnostic tool used in hospitals worldwide, brought him a Nobel Prize, died Aug. 12 at New Victoria Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, England.
		"The CT scanner revolutionized medical care in the United States and throughout the world," said Dr. James A. Brink, interim chairman of diagnostic radiology at the Yale University School of Medicine.
		Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield was born Aug. 28, 1919, in Newark, England, the youngest child of a farmer.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040903/news_1m3hounsfiel.html (539 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Iodine contrast agents (CA), used during computed tomography (CT) imaging, lead to an increase of the Hounsfield units in tissue with increased CA uptake and cause errors in the calculation of the ranges.
		In order to quantify the mean change in Hounsfield units (HU), a statistical analysis of 25 CT data sets with and without CA was performed.
		To establish a relation between the change in Hounsfield units due to CA and changes in ion range, the Hounsfield number for various CA concentrations and the range of ions in CA was measured.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=20547033 (450 words)

	Urologic Oncology
		We treated patients who had tumors with what we thought was adequate renal function, that were growing over a year, and we initially tried to treat all patients percutaneously with this 50 watt device.
		We had a gray zone between 10 and 20, and we thought we were well treated if there was less than 10 Hounsfield units uptake after treatment.
		Based on the Hounsfield units with the 50 watt device, we had about a 62 percent success rate in following these patients, which was sort of disappointing.
	www.webtie.org /sots/Meetings/Genitourinary/SUO_12_5_6_2003/transcripts/32/transcript.htm (1469 words)

	Hounsfield, Godfrey Newbold - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Hounsfield, Godfrey Newbold
		English engineer who was awarded a Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1979 for the development of the computed axial tomography (CAT) scan, the application of computer techniques to X-raying the human body.
		Hounsfield was born in Newark, Nottinghamshire, and studied at the City and Guilds College, London, and the Faraday House Electrical Engineering College.
		He joined British electronics company EMI (now Thorn EMI) in 1951 as a researcher in medical technology.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Hounsfield%2c+Godfrey+Newbold (196 words)

	Pediatric Head CT Interpretation
		History of CT: In 1970, Sir Jeffrey Hounsfield combined a mathematical reconstruction formula with a rotating apparatus that could both produce and detect x-rays, producing a prototype for the modern-day CT scanner.
		Figure 1: Appearance of Tissues on CT This scale -1000 to +1000 is the Hounsfield scale in honor of Sir Jeffrey Hounsfield.
		The Hounsfield numbers define the characteristics of the tissue contained within each pixel, and are represented by an assigned portion of the gray-scale.
	www.ferne.org /Lectures/acep_2005_peds/perron_ich_acep_2005_peds.htm (2721 words)

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