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Topic: House of Councillors

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	Japan - List of Elections
		1980 (House of Councillors and House of Representatives)
		1983 (House of Councillors and House of Representatives)
		1986 (House of Councillors and House of Representatives)
	cdp.binghamton.edu /era/countries/jpn.html (24 words)

	Diet of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Each house has authority to adjudicate in disputes as to the qualifications of its members, however no member may be disqualified from their seat except by the vote of a two-thirds majority.
		House of Councillors: Of 242 members, 144 are elected from 11 prefectural constituencies by means of the Single Non-Transferable Vote.
		The presence of one third of the membership of either house constitutes a quorum and deliberations are in public unless at least two-thirds of those present agree otherwise.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Diet_of_Japan (1433 words)

	House of Councillors -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The House of Councillors (参議院; Sangi-in) is the (Click link for more info and facts about upper house) upper house of the (Click link for more info and facts about Diet of Japan) Diet of Japan.
		The (The lower legislative house of the United States Congress) House of Representatives is the lower house.
		The House of Councillors is the successor to the (Click link for more info and facts about House of Peers) House of Peers, the Japanese equivalent to the British (The upper house of the British parliament) House of Lords.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Ho/House_of_Councillors.htm (236 words)

	House of Councillors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The House of Representatives is the lower house.
		The House of Councillors is the successor to the House of Peers, the Japanese equivalent to the British House of Lords.
		The House of Councillors has 242 members who each serve six year terms, two years longer than those of the House of Representatives.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/House_of_Councillors (252 words)

	House of Councillors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The House of Councillors is the successor to the pre-war House of Peers, the Japanese equivalent to the British House of Lords.
		In all other decisions, the House of Representatives can override a vote of the House of Councillors only by a two-thirds majority of members present.
		Councillors must be at least 30 years old, compared with 25 years old in the House of Representatives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/House_of_Councillors (249 words)

	Election of Diet Members
		The House of Councillors membership is 252, with half of its members elected every third year for a six-year term.
		One hundred of the 252 members of the House of Councillors are elected by proportional representation from a single nationwide electoral district.
		The minimum age requirement to be a candidate for the House of Councillors is 30, and that for voters is 20.
	www.shugiin.go.jp /itdb_english.nsf/html/statics/guide/election.htm (628 words)

	Diet Of Japan Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Constitution of Japan does not specify the number of members of each house of the Diet, the voting system, or the necessary qualifications of those who may vote or be returned in parliamentary elections, thus allowing all of these things to be determined by law.
		If a bill is adopted by the House of Representatives and then either rejected, amended or not approved within 60 days by the House of Councillors, then the bill will become law if again adopted by the House of Representatives by a majority of at least two-thirds of members present.
		If both houses cannot agree on a candidate for Prime Minister, even through a joint committee, or if the House of Councillors fails to designate a candidate within 10 days of House of Representatives' decision, then the nominee of the lower house is deemed to be that of the Diet.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Diet_of_Japan (1952 words)

	AIPO - Parliamentary News-Lao_PDR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Research Committees are unique to the House of Councillors and are established at the plenary sitting of the extraordinary session convoked after the regular election for the Members of the House of Councillors.
		For example, a bill which is passed by the House of Representatives, and upon which the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the former, becomes a law when passed once again by the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds or more of the Members present.
		Because the House of Councillors executes proxy for Diet functions at the Emergency Session, measures taken are provisional and become null and void unless confirmed by the House of Representatives within a period of 10 days after the opening of the next session of the Diet.
	www.aipo.org /Feature_On_AIPO.htm (1741 words)

	THE DIET
		When the House of Representatives is dissolved, there must be a general election of members of the House of Representatives within 40 days from the date of dissolution, and the Diet must be convoked within 30 days from the date of the election.
		A bill, which is passed by the House of Representatives, and upon which the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, becomes a law when passed a second time by the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present.
		Failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within 60 days after receipt of a bill passed by the House of Representatives, time in recess excepted, may be determined by the House of Representatives to constitute a rejection of the said bill by the House of Councillors.
	constitution.at.infoseek.co.jp /diet.htm (958 words)

	Diet of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It consists of two houses: the House of Representatives of JapanHouse of Representatives (衆議院; ''Shūgi-in'') and the House of Councillors (参議院; ''Sangi-in'').
		House of Representatives: Of 480 members, 300 are elected from single seat constituencies under the First Past the PostSingle Member Plurality ('First-past-the-post') system, and 180 are elected from eleven separate electoral blocs under the Party-list proportional representationparty list system of proportional representation/ (PR).
		House of Councillors: Of 252 members, 152 are elected from 11 prefectural constituencies by means of the Single Non-Transferable Vote.
	www.infothis.com /find/Diet_of_Japan (1557 words)

	CNN.com - World - Election Watch
		The House of Councillors consists of 252 directly elected members; 152 are elected from 47 prefectural districts and 100 are chosen by a nation-wide proportional representation party-list system.
		All members of the House of Councillors are elected for six-year terms, with one half the membership renewed every three years.
		The House of Representatives consists of 500 directly elected members; 200 are elected from 11 regional blocks by proportional representation and 300 are chosen from single-seat districts.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/election.watch/asiapcf/japan.html (330 words)

	Chapter IV. The Diet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Article 50. Except in cases provided by law, members of both Houses shall be exempt from apprehension while the Diet is in session, and any members apprehended before the opening of the session shall be freed during the term of the session upon demand of the House.
		Article 54. When the House of Represen-tatives is dissolved, there must be a general election of members of the House of Repre-sentatives within forty (40) days from the date of dissolution, and the Diet must be convoked within thirty (30) days from the date of the election.
		Failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within sixty (60) days after receipt of a bill passed by the House of Representatives, time in recess excepted, may be determined by the House of Representatives to constitute a rejection of the said bill by the House of Councillors.
	web-japan.org /factsheet/const/chap_4.html (987 words)

	Topic 4 A New Bicameral System
		It was a bicameral parliament that consisted of the House of Peers made up of the Imperial Family, noblemen, and Imperial appointees, and the House of Representatives whose members were elected.
		With the exception of the House of Representatives' right to prior consideration of the budget, the authority of both Houses was equal.
		For the past half century since then, discussions have continued about the House of Councillors as to what responsibilities it should exercise and what unique features it should have, as it is made up of elected members "representing the people of Japan" the same as the House of Representatives.
	www.ndl.go.jp /constitution/e/ronten/04ronten.html (753 words)

	HOUSE OF COUNCILLORS
		The House of Representatives of Japan is the lower house.
		The House of Councillors has 247 members, who serve longer terms than those of the House of Representatives.
		The House cannot be dissolved, as only half of its membership is reelected at each election.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/HOUSE+OF+COUNCILLORS (110 words)

	Articles - House of Representatives of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If a bill is passed by the lower house, the House of Representatives, but is voted down by the upper house, the House of Councillors, the House of Representatives can override the decision of the other chamber by a two-thirds vote in the affirmative.
		Members of the House of Representatives, who are elected to a maximum of four years, sit for a shorter term than members of the House of Councillors, who are elected to full six-year terms.
		Thus the House of Representatives is considered to be more sensitive to public opinion, and is termed the "lower house." This term is also a legacy of the 1889 Meiji Constitution, when the House of Peers functioned as an aristocratic upper house in a format similar to the Westminster system of the time.
	www.gaple.com /articles/House_of_Representatives_of_Japan (414 words)

	The Constitution of Japan, 1946 - CHAPTER IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When the House of Representatives is dissolved, there must be a general election of members of the House of Representatives within forty (40) days from the date of dissolution, and the Diet must be convoked within thirty (30) days from the date of the election.
		(2) A bill which is passed by the House of Representatives, and upon which the House of Councillors makes a decision different from that of the House of Representatives, becomes a law when passed a second time by the House of Representatives by a majority of two-thirds or more of the members present.
		(4) Failure by the House of Councillors to take final action within sixty (60) days after receipt of a bill passed by the House of Representatives, time in recess excepted, may be determined by the House of Representatives to constitute a rejection of the said bill by the House of Councillors.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/asian/TheConstitutionofJapan1946/chap4.html (992 words)

	Asia Times: Now for the hard part for Koizumi
		The House of Councillors (Upper House of the national parliament, or the Diet) is nowhere near as powerful as the House of Representatives, the Lower House, which supplies the prime minister and the bulk of ministers.
		In October of last year, a parliamentary law reduced the number of seats of the House of Councillors from 252 to 242, cutting five seats at the 2001 elections with another five to be eliminated at the next elections in 2004.
		For smooth passage of bills in both houses, it became imperative for the LDP to form a coalition with those political parties that were ready to provide support to its legislative proposals.
	www.atimes.com /japan-econ/CG31Dh03.html (1015 words)

	Governmental Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives share power, the latter predominates in decisions on legislation, designation of the Prime Minister, budgetary matters, and international treaties.
		Members of the House of Councillors remain in their positions whether or not there is a dissolution of the House of Representatives.
		Members of the House of Representatives are elected for 4 year terms, but the Cabinet may dissolve the House of Representatives before the end of full term, although the House of Representatives may introduce "no-confidence motions" with respect to the Cabinet.
	www.lk.emb-japan.go.jp /japan/2.html (1379 words)

	Edinburgh Evening News - Edinburgh - Council 'rotters' refuse to play house
		A FURIOUS family were today ordered to tear down a children’s Wendy house after councillors decided it spoiled the appearance of the New Town.
		Councillor Trevor Davies, the convener of the council’s planning committee, insisted that the Wendy house had to go because it broke council planning regulations.
		The Wendy house was initially granted a stay of execution so councillors could visit the Millers’ A-listed Georgian home to see it.
	edinburghnews.scotsman.com /edinburgh.cfm?id=260292005 (472 words)

	[No title]
		Elections were held for one-half of the seats in the House of Councillors on the normal expiry of the members' term of office.
		They are appointed by the nomination of the President of the House of Councillors in proportion to the numerical strengths of political parties and groups in the House.
		The Chairman of a committee reports to a plenary sitting of the House on the proceedings and results of consideration in the committee of the measure or matter referred to it.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/2162.htm (3140 words)

	Japan Reference - Politics - Japan's political system
		The bicameral parliament is called the Diet and is composed of the upper House of Councillors (参議院 "sangi-in") and the lower House of Representatives (衆議院 shugi-in).
		The legal age for voting is 20, while the minimum age to stand for election is 25 for the lower house and 30 for the upper house.
		100 Councillors and 180 Representatives are elected by proportional representation, and the rest by district (47 prefectures for the Councillors, and 300 single-seat electoral districts for the Representatives).
	www.jref.com /society/japan_political_system.shtml (592 words)

	About us
		The 18th election of the House of Councilors was held.15 authorized DPJ candidates and 13 recommended candidates were elected in the prefectural constituencies and 12 DPJ authorized candidates were elected in the proportional representation constituencies.
		There were 179 registered DPJ Diet members: 125 members of the House of Representatives and 54 members of the House of Councillors.
		The 19th House of Councillors election was held.18 authorized DPJ candidates and 2 recommended candidates were elected in the prefectural constituencies and 8 authorized DPJ candidates in the proportional representation constituencies.
	www.dpj.or.jp /english/about_us/brief.html (1295 words)

	SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The enactment of laws necessary for the enforcement of this Constitution, the election of members of the House of Councillors and the procedure for the convocation of the Diet and other preparatory procedures necessary for the enforcement of this Constitution may be executed before the day prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
		If the House of Councillors is not constituted before the effective date of this Constitution, the House of Representatives shall function as the Diet until such time as the House of Councillors shall be constituted.
		The term of office for half the members of the House of Councillors serving in the first term under this Constitution shall be three years.
	constitution.at.infoseek.co.jp /provisions.htm (171 words)

	Thursday, October 7, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ichita Yamamoto (Parliamentary Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs): Elected to the House of Councillors from Gumma Prefecture; served as LDP deputy secretary general in the House of Councillors; completed a postgraduate course at Georgetown University in the U.S.; elected once; 41 years old; Mori faction.
		Seiji Suzuki (Parliamentary Vice Minister of Transport): Elected to the House of Councillors from Aichi Prefecture; served as LDP Diet Affairs Committee vice chairman in the House of Councillors, House of Councillors Rules and Administration Committee director; graduated from Nihon University; elected once; 51 years old; Mori faction.
		Tomoharu Yoda (Parliamentary Vice Minister of Defense): Elected to the House of Councillors under the proportional representation system; served as LDP deputy secretary general in the House of Councillors, Parliamentary Vice Minister of Defense; graduated from Tokyo University; elected once; 67 years old; Eto-Kamei faction.
	www.usc.edu /isd/archives/dsjp/summaries/1999/October/Sm991007.htm (4031 words)

	National Diet Library:Diet & Parliaments:Parliamentary Documents and Official Publications Room
		Also, on the website of the House of Councillors, you can view the recent proceedings of the House of Councillors plenary meetings and committee meetings (in Japanese).
		"Proceedings of the House of Peers (Kizokuin Gijiroku)" (BZ-6-2) (in Japanese) /
		The dates of submission of bills to the House of Councillors, dates of acceptance, dates of referral to the committees and dates of resolutions at the plenary meetings are listed.
	www.ndl.go.jp /horei_en/07_parliamentary.html (1392 words)

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