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Topic: House of Luxembourg

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	Luxembourg (country) - MSN Encarta
		In 1951 Luxembourg became a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and six years later it was one of the original signatories of the European Economic Community (EEC, often referred to as the Common Market), a forerunner of the European Union (EU).
		Luxembourg was the first EU member state to meet all of the economic, financial, and legal requirements set out by the Maastricht Treaty.
		At the close of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, Luxembourg was established as a grand duchy by the Congress of Vienna and placed under the rule of William I, king of the Netherlands.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562359_3/Luxembourg_(country).html (1150 words)

	Luxembourg - History
		The land now known as Luxembourg fell under the successive domination of the Celts, the Romans, and the Riparian Franks before its founding as the County of Luxembourg in 963 by Sigefroid, count of the Ardennes, who reconstructed a small ruined fortress called Lucilinburhuc (Little Burg) on the site of the present capital.
		Luxembourg is now among the world's top ten financial centers and the financial sector employs approximately 10% of the workforce (20,000 people) and accounts for around one fifth of national income.
		Luxembourg suffered due to the global economic downturn and the turmoil in international stock markets that began in 2001, as its small, open economy specializes in financial services.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Luxembourg-HISTORY.html (714 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was founded in 963 CE by Count Siegfried, and the first record of Jews living in the city of Luxembourg, the capital of the country, was in 1276.
		Luxembourg was officially Judenrein, or cleansed of Jews, with the exception of a handful in hiding or married to non-Jews.
		Due to Luxembourg's small size, the Israeli embassy is located in Brussels and Luxembourg is represented politically by the Dutch embassy and economically by the Belgian embassy.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Luxembourg.html (1313 words)

	Luxembourg, grand duchy, W Europe. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Luxembourg is drained by the Sûre (Sauer) and Alzette rivers, both tributaries of the Moselle (Mosel), which forms part of its eastern border.
		Luxembourg’s grand duke is the titular head of state; the head of government is the prime minister, who is aided by a council of ministers.
		The county of Luxembourg (originally Lützelburg), extending between the Meuse and Moselle rivers and including the Luxembourg province of Belgium, was one of the largest fiefs in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lu/Luxembou.html (1117 words)

	Luxembourg Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Typical rural Luxembourg architecture is exemplified by the "Quereinhaus", a combined house and barn, with house stable and barn in one lenghthy unit lying under one roof.
		Had they lived in Luxembourg grouped in villages, tilling small plots of lands in the near vicinity of their houses, they now arrived in a vast land where through the homestead act they had the possibility to acquire large tracts of land, and where they had to live on the land they homesteaded.
		The American houses like 19 century dwellings in Luxembourg are smaller than these, an impression which is enhanced by the fact that in Luxembourg dwelling quarters, barns and stables are built in one single row, whereas these units are built separatly in the United States.
	www.igd-leo.lu /igd-leo/emigration/archi.html (1166 words)

	Reference for Luxembourg - Search.com
		Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, Benelux, and the Western European Union, reflecting the political consensus in favour of economic, political, and military integration.
		In 1437, the House of Luxembourg suffered a succession crisis, precipitated by the lack of a male heir to assume the throne, that led to the territory being sold to Philip the Good of Burgundy.
		Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe, and ranked 175th in size of all the 194 independent countries of the world; the country is about 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi) in size, and measures 82 km (51 miles) long and 57 km (35 miles) wide.
	www.search.com /reference/Luxembourg (3023 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg’s government was permitted to function throughout the four year occupation but only to the extent that it didn’t impair the German war effort.
		Luxembourg’s impact on the European economy was minuscule but the made its mark on at least one aspect of the continent’s popular culture.
		Luxembourg’s Chamber of Deputies met for a final pre-war session on August 29, 1939 and voted to surrender full executive and legislative powers to the Grand Duchess and her cabinet for the duration of the conflict.
	worldatwar.net /nations/luxembourg/narrative.html (3611 words)

	Luxembourg : In Depth : History \| Frommers.com
		By the 5th century the only reminders of the Romans left in Luxembourg were the bits and pieces of their urban civilization, a network of bridges, and place names like Ettelbruck (Attila's Bridge), named for the Hun warlord who dealt the knockout blow to the Western Roman Empire.
		In 1308, Henry VII of the House of Luxembourg became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Luxembourg, then, became a problem for the rest of Europe: Its position was too strategic and its fortifications too strong to allow it to be self-governing -- or even to be controlled by any one nation.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/luxembourg/0107020044.html (1154 words)

	Travel Tips Of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was a founder member of the European Community (having formed close economic ties with The Netherlands and Belgium) and was host to the European Parliament until its move to a permanent site in Brussels in 1989.
		Luxembourg is in the mainstream on the current EU issues of monetary union, EU expansion, social policy and immigration and adopted the Euro upon its inception.
		Luxembourg was an inaugural adopter of the Euro at the beginning of 1999.
	www.southtravels.com /europe/luxembourg/history.html (505 words)

	Luxembourg - Small and Beautiful
		The "Gutland" in the centre and the south is mainly rolling farmland and woods, bordered to the east by the wine-producing valley of the Moselle, and in the extreme south-west by a narrow strip of red earth which forms the Luxembourg iron-ore basin.
		It was the re-discovery of this iron ore around 1850 which marked the turning point for Luxembourg and meant its economic take-off, thanks due in particular to that industrious British court-clerk, Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who as a pastime(!), developed a method of removing phosphorus during the smelting process to create fine quality steel.
		Luxembourg has reaffirmed its importance as a centre for Eurobonds with a big emphasis in ECU's, and the future seems likely to attract more and more investment funds in European Currency Units to this comparatively young, but steadily growing centre.
	www.luxembourg.co.uk /press.html (1493 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty--Luxemburg
		Luxembourg during the European religious wars and French Revolution shared the same destiny as the Belgian provinces of which it was at the time a part.
		Luxembourg was regarded as an important strategic possession due to its formidable fortress known as the "Gibraltar of the North".
		Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg was born at Berg Castle on January 23, 1896, the second daughter of Grand Duke William (Guillaume) and Grand Duchess Marie-Anne, Princess of Braganca, Princess (Infanta) of Portugal.
	histclo.com /royal/lux/royal-lux.htm (2334 words)

	Ney Family History: Chapter 1
		For Luxembourgers, the year 963 marked the country's emergence as a distinct entity and is considered the founding of their nation.
		Today Luxembourg is an independent state and constitutional monarchy ruled by the House of Nassau, descendants from the Dutch House of Orange, and operates as a parliamentary democracy.
		Luxembourg is bordered by Germany to the east, France to the south and Belgium to the north and west.
	www.eskimo.com /~lisanne/ney/luxemb.htm (1755 words)

	Luxembourg (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Luxembourg (in some contexts spelled "Luxemburg") is a European geographical name with various derived uses.
		Luxembourg (city), the capital city of the country
		Luxembourg (district), the south-western part of the country
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luxemburg (126 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Luxembourg
		Luxembourg became a founder member of a customs union with Belgium and the Netherlands in 1948, and of the European Economic Community, a forerunner of the European Union, in 1957.
		Luxembourg's politics are characterised by stability and long-serving administrations.
		Luxembourg exerts immense media clout and has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences, including those in France, Germany and the UK.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1061821.stm (566 words)

	Global Property Guide: Luxembourg - The Luxembourg government steps in
		House prices were stagnant in 2005, while apartment prices actually fell (-0.58%), the first housing price falls in Luxembourg over a decade.
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg does justice to the saying “small is bountiful.” Landlocked by France, Germany and Belgium, it is the world’s second smallest country with an area of 2,586 sq.
		Luxembourg is home to several key EU offices, such as the commission itself, the Court of Justice, the Secretariat of the Parliament and the EIB.
	www.globalpropertyguide.com /Europe/Luxembourg (624 words)

	Ambassade du Luxembourg
		Three times a year, custom compels Luxembourgers from the country to go on a pilgrimage to their capital: to the Octave, for eight days of prayer dedicated to Our Lady, Consolatrix Afflictorum; to the Revue, a satirical revue of the political year; and to the Schueberfouer, or Fouer, a funfair during several weeks.
		The tradition began in 1666, when the council of the then province of Luxembourg chose Maria, Consolatrix Afflictorum to be the country’s patron saint, calling upon Her to protect the people from the plague.
		In some towns, the holy man and his servant dressed in fl go from house to house late on 5 December carrying presents to youngsters.
	www.luxembourgembassy.dk /default.asp?menuIDX=109&parentFkey=17 (2875 words)

	ONT Luxembourg - Culture
		In the 14th century, kings and emperors came from the House of Luxembourg: Henry VII, Emperor and Duke of Luxembourg, John the Blind, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, his son Charles IV, who was responsible for the splendour of the city of Prague, Wenceslas II and Sigismond, Emperors and Kings of Bohemia.
		In 1841, Luxembourg was given its first constitution, and when in 1867, the Congress of London declared the Grand Duchy "perpetually neutral", the Prussian garrison had to leave the city of Luxembourg, and the fortress was dismantled.
		In 1890, the Nassau-Weilburg dynasty succeeded the House of Orange-Nassau.
	www.visitluxembourg.lu /cult-en-6-12.html (525 words)

	Luxembourg Books in the Library of Congress (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		At the division of the empire in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun, the territory that later became Luxembourg was part of Lotharingia.
		Luxembourg also participated in the formation of the International Steel Board and the Benelux economic and customs union, and is a signatory of the Treaties of Rome.
		Luxembourg is home to a number of European Union (EU) institutions, among them the European Court of Justice.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/luxbro/luxbroch1.html (468 words)

	Royalty.nu - Grand Dukes and Duchesses of Luxembourg, the House of Nassau
		Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy; the grand duke is the head of state, but he swears to observe the country's laws and has little political power.
		In the early Middle Ages, Luxembourg belonged to the Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Lotharingia, and became part of the Holy Roman Empire.
		France conquered the Austrian Netherlands in 1795, and for the next 20 years Luxembourg was France's "Department of Forests." In 1815, after the overthrow of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna granted Luxembourg independence as a grand duchy and gave it to King William I of the Netherlands.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Luxembourg.html (1076 words)

	HRI/CORE/1/Add.10/Rev.1 - Core Document - Luxembourg
		The fortress of Luxembourg became an unending source of sanguinary struggles for its possession waged by the Burgundians, the Spanish, French, Austrians and Prussians.
		In 1948, Luxembourg abandoned its neutral status and resolutely adopted an active policy of cooperation and integration in the European and international spheres by joining a number of regional and international economic, political and military organizations.
		Luxembourg is a founder member of the United Nations, the European Economic Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Western European Union (WEU), to name but a few.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord1999/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add10-rev1.htm (9221 words)

	Luxembourg Family Names (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The overall enduring consequence of Luxembourg's 1839 dismemberment, which attributed the French-speaking sector of Luxembourg to the Kingdom of Belgium, was to leave the resulting Grand Duchy of Luxembourg as a homogeneous entity with Lëtzebuergesch as its common language, a fact which fostered the emergence of Luxembourg as a nation.
		The Nazis occupying Luxembourg from 1940 to 1944 were particularly vicious and meticulous in their efforts to eradicate non-Germanic first and last names.
		In Luxembourg, the name Beckius appears for the first time in the 1656 enumeration for the village of Ehnen on the Moselle River and is assumed to reflect the Latin form for Beck or Bech.
	luxamcc.org /id23.html (1494 words)

	Dennis Hastert in Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On March 25-26, 2001 Jean Dennis HASTERT, Speaker of the House of Representatives, was in Luxembourg, the land of his a ancestors.
		Aside of meeting with the head of State, the members of the government and the president of the Luxembourg House of Represntatives, he devoted the late afternoon and night of Sunday 25th to visit Osweiler in Eastern Luxembourg, where his forefathers lived.
		He was led to the house where the Hasterts once lived and given explanations on the history of the house, before he proceeded to the unveiling of a commemorative plaque.
	www.igd-leo.lu /igd-leo/hastert/hasti001.html (301 words)

	IFFISO : Luxembourg Financial Services (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Luxembourg has historically experienced commercial prosperity as well as regular military incursions and occupations.
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg shares borders to the north and west with Belgium, to the south with France and to the east with Germany.
		Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union and the only Grand Duchy in the world.
	www.iffiso.com /luxembourg.htm (500 words)

	Luxembourg History \| iExplore
		Luxembourg was a founder member of the European Community (having formed close economic ties with The Netherlands and Belgium) and was host to the European Parliament until its move to a permanent site in Brussels in 1989.
		Luxembourg is in the mainstream on the current EU issues of monetary union, EU expansion, social policy and immigration and adopted the Euro upon its inception.
		Luxembourg was an inaugural adopter of the Euro at the beginning of 1999.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Luxembourg/History (519 words)

	Luxembourg Guide - Luxembourg City
		Luxembourg is also home to several EU institutions, such as the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank, the Secretariat of the European Parliament and parts of the European Commission.
		The 14th century saw the emergence of the House of Luxembourg on the European scene, with the election of Henry VII (1275-1313) as King of the Romans from 1308 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1312.
		The House of Luxembourg's alliance with the Habsburgs resulted in the title of King of Germany of Holy Roman Emperor being inherited by the Habsburgs after Sigismund's death.
	www.eupedia.com /luxembourg/luxembourg.shtml (1213 words)

	The Low Countries: 3 Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (1890/NOW) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It formed a county, which mainly consisted of the present-day grand-duchy and the Belgian province of Luxembourg, and in 1354 it was raised to a the status of a duchy.
		In 1443, Luxembourg became owned by the dukes of Burgundy, and from 1506 until 1714 it was part of the Spanish, and from 1714 until 1795 of the Austrian Netherlands.
		The German part of Luxembourg stayed under the government of the Dutch king, until in 1890, when the personal union was broken, and Adolf of Nassau inherited the crown of the grand-duchy.
	home.online.no /~vlaenen/low_countries/lu.htm (234 words)

	Eupedia : Luxembourg Guide - Interesting facts about Luxembourg
		Luxembourg is the least populated country in the European Union, with only 465,000 inhabitants.
		The original County, then Duchy of Luxembourg was about three times the size of the modern country, including notably most of the Belgian province of Luxembourg.
		Luxembourg is by far the country with the highest GDP per capita in the world, with almost 3 times the EU average.
	www.eupedia.com /luxembourg/trivia.shtml (478 words)

	Car Hire Luxembourg :: Cheap Car Rental in Luxembourg & Travel Luxembourg
		Luxembourg situated between Belgium, France and Germany, the Grand Duchy a constitutional monarchy and an independent sovereign state.
		Deportation Memorial : after the occupation of Luxembourg by the Nazis in 1940-44, the station of Hollerich was the main station of deportation.
		Wine and Folklore Museum: the museum is housed in a 17 th century vintners house and the glimpses of the winegrowers way of life and working methods in previous centuries.
	www.anycarhire.com /car-hire/luxembourg.htm (384 words)

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