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Topic: House of Peers

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	Parliament And The Peerage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Peers were required to take such oaths and make such declarations before sitting in the House of Lords, voting in elections of representative peers and sitting on juries trying other peers for felonies.
		The elections for officers of the House were held on the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth of October, while those for peers elected by party were held on the third and fourth of November; the results were proclaimed to the House on the fifth of November.
		The historical exclusion of peers from the House of Commons arose from the principles underlying the division of the Parliament into three parts—the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons—that were supposed to be independent of each other.
	www.wikiverse.org /parliament-and-the-peerage (4151 words)

	French Peerage
		Contrary to England, actors were never used to play the parts of the peers (at the coronation of George III in 1760, the actors playing the French peers behaved in an unseemly fashion; the claim to the title of king of France was dropped in 1801).
		The peer who wished to resign had to secure the approval of the king; there was no set procedure for this, and the king usually issued a brevet expressing approval and maintaining for the resigning duke the enjoyment of the "Honneurs du Louvre" (the first such brevet was issued in 1665).
		Old Regime peers were entitled to a mantle, which was armoyé, that is, the outside of the mantle reproduced the arms (the outside of the mantle would be mostly invisible for the viewer, except where the mantle folds back around the arms).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/peerage.htm (5047 words)

	Sources of English Constitutional History: Chapter 116
		That the reason of that privilege is that the members of the house of commons may freely attend the public affairs in that house without disturbance or interruption; which doth extend as well to appeals before the house of peers as to proceedings in other courts.
		It is an unexampled usurpation and breach of privilege against the house of peers that their orders or judgments should be disputed or endeavoured to be controlled, or the execution thereof obstructed, by the lower house of parliament, who are no court nor have authority to administer an oath or give any judgment.
		Goldsborough, Clerk of the House of Commons," against the judicature of the house of peers in cases of appeals from courts of equity is illegal, unparliamentary, and tending to the dissolution of the government....
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_116.htm (5968 words)

	Rights and Privileges of Peers
		Scottish peers created since the Act of Union in 1707 are peers of the United Kingdom, and are equivalent in all respects to peers of England created subsequent to 1707 (who are also, technically, peers of the United Kingdom), including a right to a seat in the House of Lords.
		The House of Lords allowed those Irish peers who were sitting in the House of Lords at that time to continue to do so for life, but no further elections took place, and the last of those peers died in 1961.
		To carry this a bit further, peers usually considered themselves to "own" certain House of Commons seats -- those from the district around their estates, for example -- and often the "election" of their sons or nephews to those seats was mere formality.
	laura.chinet.com /html/titles06.html (775 words)

	Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889 - CHAPTER III
		The House of Peers shall, in accordance with the ordinance concerning the House of Peers, be composed of the members of the Imperial Family, of the orders of nobility, and of those who have been nominated thereto by the Emperor.
		Both Houses may enact, besides what is provided for in the present Constitution and in the Law of the Houses, rules necessary for the management of their internal affairs.
		The Members of both Houses shall, during the session, be free from arrest, unless with the consent of the House, except in cases of flagrant delicts, or of offenses connected with a state of internal commotion or with a foreign trouble.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/asian/ConstitutionoftheEmpireofJapan1889/chap3.html (610 words)

	House of Peers -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The British (The upper house of the British parliament) House of Lords is also known as the House of Peers for certain ceremonial purposes.
		With the creation of new peers and the addition of seats for representatives of the (Click link for more info and facts about Imperial Academy) Imperial Academy ((Click link for more info and facts about Gakushuin) Gakushuin), the membership grew to 403 by 1925.
		The House of Peers elected its own (The chief executive of a republic) president and (An executive officer ranking immediately below a president; may serve in the president's place under certain circumstances) vice president.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ho/house_of_peers.htm (323 words)

	Tory peers draft own reform Bill
		TORY peers brought forward proposals to cut the number of hereditary peers last night in an attempt to seize the initiative in the battle over the House of Lords.
		Peers would be able to sit on the group for up to five years before dropping out or seeking re-election.
		Hereditary peers would have to put themselves forward as candidates and would have to prove their value to the House.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/07/31/npee31.html (589 words)

	Tucker's Blackstone: Volume 1 - Appendix, Note D, Section 6
		A peer holds himself responsible to no one for his conduct; a senator is responsible to his constituents, and if he abuses their confidence, will be sure to be displaced, whilst the former hugs himself in the security and stability of his station.
		The passage of the India bill, which was introduced in the house of commons during the administration of Charles Fox and Lord North, was prevented by a similar expedient, and those obnoxious ministers were dismissed from the service of the crown after midnight: of the same evening when the determination was obtained....
		If an amendment be agreed to, in one house, and dissented to in the other, if either house request a conference, a committee is appointed in each house to meet in the conference chamber, to state to each other, verbally, or in writing the reasons of their respective houses, for and against the amendment.
	www.constitution.org /tb/t1d06000.htm (2689 words)

	French Peerage in the 19th c.
		The upper house was a House of Peers (Chambre des Pairs) appointed by the king without limit on their numbers; their peerages were for life or hereditary, at his choosing.
		The House of Peers was presided by the Chancelor of France.
		The House of Peers was abolished in February 1848 with the fall of the July Monarchy and never recreated.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/peerage19.htm (1096 words)

	ipedia.com: Parliament and the Peerage Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The upper House of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Lords, has historically comprised the Peers of the Realm, who have at the same been excluded from the House of Commons.
		Peers of England, Peers of Great Britain and Peers of the United Kingdom were all members of the House of Lords, but Peers of Scotland and Peers of Ireland merely elected Representative Peers.
		Thereafter, whenever a vacancy occurred due to the death or attainder of a peer, the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain transmitted a certification of the same to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, who then directed the Clerk of the Crown to issue ballots to the various peers.
	www.ipedia.com /parliament_and_the_peerage.html (4194 words)

	The Man Who Laughs -- Chapter 92 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The peers of England sat as a court of justice in Westminster Hall, and as the higher legislative chamber in a chamber specially reserved for the purpose, called The House of Lords.
		Besides the House of Peers of England, which did not assemble as a court, unless convoked by the crown, two great English tribunals, inferior to the House of Peers, but superior to all other jurisdiction, sat in Westminster Hall.
		The sons of peers, and the heirs of peerages, assisted at the debates, standing behind the throne, between the dais and the wall.
	www.litrix.com /mlaughs/mlaug092.htm (1633 words)

	THE IRISH PEERS AND THE HOUSE OF LORDS - THE FINAL CHAPTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		That act provided that the peers of Ireland should elect 28 of their number (to be called Irish representative peers) to sit for life on the part of Ireland in the House of Lords of the new United Kingdom.
		The existing Irish representative peers continued to be summoned to sit in the House of Lords until the last survivor, the Earl of Kilmorey, died in 1961.
		It was possible that another group of Irish peers who had not been party to the earlier petition would have presented a further petition and resisted the application of the precedent in the earlier case on the basis that a relevant argument had not been considered.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/ireland/sitepages/page93.asp (2629 words)

	Lord Cooke of Thorndon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since the admission of specially ennobled law lords into the House of Lords in the late nineteenth century, appeals to the House of Lords have be heard before at least three judicially qualified lords.
		However, other members of the House of Lords who have held high judicial office may hear appeals, and these are known as Lords of Appeal (a style to be carefully distinguished from that of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary).
		The conclusion must be that Sir Robin Cooke was made a peer solely to enable him to sit in the Appellate Committees of the House of Lords, since it would not have been to enable him to take part in the legislative functions of the House.
	www.geocities.com /noelcox/Lord_Cooke.htm (462 words)

	Iolanthe
		Gilbert took advantage of the controversy surrounding the hereditary nature of the House of Lords: “with a House of Peers composed exclusively of persons of intellect, what’s to become of the House of Commons?” asks an Earl.
		The House of Peers all are so struck by Phyllis that they applied in a body that she should be given to whichever Lord she desires.
		She tells the fairies, who are in love with the Peers, to wrestle with their emotions like she has, because it is against the fairy law to marry a mortal.
	www.seanet.com /~thompson/gsgirl/iolanthe.html (944 words)

	The World Today - British Government to abolish last hereditary peers
		This is nothing to do with a full reform of the House of Lords, all it is, is an attempt to rig the Lords to cook the Constitution in the interests of the Labour Party rather than the interests of people in Parliament.
		FRAN KELLY: Lord Strathclyde is the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords.
		The role of the House of Lords is to be a revising chamber.
	www.abc.net.au /worldtoday/content/2003/s949764.htm (796 words)

	Senator warns peers on House Charter change - May 05, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He said a check he made on the House journal of March 19 revealed that Concurrent Resolution No.19 was passed by voice vote "in the dead of midnight,'' with De Venecia presiding over the session.
		With the Senate committee on constitutional amendments set to deliberate on the House concurrent resolution, Arroyo told the Inquirer in a phone interview that he was cautioning his colleagues against the measure, given the fact that its passage in the lower chamber "was off to a wrong and poisoned start.''
		Senator Edgardo Angara, chair of the Senate committee on constitutional amendments, is scheduled to meet his counterparts in the House this week to discuss differences on the matter, starting with the mode that should be used in amending the 1987 Constitution.
	www.inq7.net /brk/2003/may/05/brkpol_1-1.htm (406 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Labour Government has decided to expel the hereditary Peers from the House of Lords; and their place will, until some further reform in the indefinite future, be taken by nominees appointed or approved by Mr Blair.
		The Argument from Democracy Of course, the Government is not proposing to abolish the House of Lords outright.
		The life Peers will remain; and it can be argued that the practical benefits of the Lords will continue without the hereditary Peers.
	www.nyx.net /~jkalb/rants/gabb_lords.html (2186 words)

	Marimari.com : Japan - Government
		Members from the House of Peers were chosen from members of the Imperial Family, the Peers, people who paid high taxes, and others appointed by the Emperor.
		The National Diet is composed of two houses: the House of Representatives and the House of Councilor.
		If the House of Representatives pass a vote of non-confidence, the Cabinet is then required to resign en bloc or the House of Representatives will be dissolved in order for an appeal to be made directly to the country through an election.
	www.marimari.com /content/japan/general_info/government.html (485 words)

	This Just In \| PROTEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Progressive activists have had the notoriously autocratic House Speaker Tom Finneran in their cross hairs for months now — hosting rallies and ballot campaigns meant to protest his " anti-democratic " hold on the state House of Representatives.
		Every year, the conference attracts as many as 30 sitting House Speakers and their chiefs of staff for a leadership forum.
		Before all that, however, House Speakers from across the land will get a taste of just how unpopular their Massachusetts counterpart has become among progressives.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /boston/news_features/this_just_in/documents/02441657.htm (283 words)

	Society \| Peers criticise house building grants plan
		Under the housing bill, the Housing Corporation would have the power to hand out hundreds of millions of pounds in grants to private developers to build new affordable homes.
		But in the bill's second reading in the House of Lords last night peers criticised the proposal, claiming it would be counterproductive.
		Last night she said: "What came through was the unfairness of the difference between the discount in the right to acquire from housing associations and that given by local authorities.
	society.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4942421-113141,00.html (542 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Joseph Othmar Rauscher
		The archbishops and prince-bishops are members of the House of Peers; thus, when the war on the Concordat opened in the Reichstag in 1861 and its revision was demanded, Rauscher with the other episcopal members of the Upper House deliberated concerning an address to the emperor.
		This unworthy agitation bears the stamp of hatred towards Christianity, but it has likewise in it something cowardly and ignoble, of which even one estranged from Christianity should be ashamed." In consequence of the events of 1866, the storm against the Concordat and the Church broke out violently, and the Press added to its power.
		When the drafts of the new laws concerning marriage, the schools, and the interconfessional relations, in respect to which points there were many gaps in the Concordat, came up for discussion in the House of Peers, Rauscher immediately arose and delivered his celebrated speech on the Concordat, urging harmony between the spiritual and secular powers.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12660b.htm (1457 words)

	The Japanese Diet: Past and Present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Together these two houses comprise the “highest organ of the state.” The former Diet, instituted during the Meiji Restoration (1889-1946) consisted of the House of Representatives and the House of Peers.
		Characteristics of the House of Peers in the Meiji Constitution:
		Characteristics of the House of Councillors in the Constitution of 1947:
	alpha.fdu.edu /~woolley/JAPANpolitics/Gersten.HTM (972 words)

	1855 Royal Family, House of Peers and Commons
		House of Commons (Locality We - Yo & Ireland & Scotland) 252 - 363
		House of Commons (Ireland & Scotland) 304 - 401
		The House of Peers - Princes of the Blood Royal & Earls
	www.cartes.fsnet.co.uk /knight/1855.htm (448 words)

	Traficant cast out of House
		From the blue-and-gold carpeted House floor, where his colorful tirades against the FBI, Internal Revenue Service and what he viewed as government inanities became a daily fixture, Traficant used his final remarks to plead with colleagues to reconsider.
		During Traficant’s meandering, 45-minute statement last night, dozens of House members sat attentively in their seats, and the usually bustling chamber was quiet.
		The last time the House expelled a member was in 1980, when Rep. Michael Myers, D-Pa., was kicked out for accepting bribes from FBI agents posing as Arab sheiks.
	www.showmenews.com /2002/Jul/20020725News018.asp (612 words)

	BFRO Report 1432: Someone or something walks by house and peers from around a tree
		When we opened the door, a guy who lived a few houses away, came in as white as a sheet, and was shaking pretty bad.
		Well, my sister and cousin still went outside, and as they were standing by this little trail by the house, they noticed some dark form at the bottom of the hill/trail.
		Our cousin went out again (back door), and went around the house to the front, and when she got to the corner of our house, she looked up towards my uncles garage, and said she saw something peeking around the garage.
	www.bfro.net /GDB/show_report.asp?ID=1432&PrinterFriendly=True (1164 words)

	AllRefer.com - diet, parliamentary body (Foreign Government Agencies) - Encyclopedia
		Until 1947, the upper house (Peers) was appointive, the lower (Representatives) elected.
		Its powers were negative: no bill could become law without its approval, except in an emergency; the government could function with last year's budget if the current one was not approved; legislation was initiated by the executive.
		Suffrage became universal, and the lower house gained precedence over the selection of the prime minister, budgets, and treaties; it can override the upper house on bills with a two-thirds majority.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/diet-par.html (456 words)

	Kizokuin - Japan's House of Peers, Imperial Diet
		Kizokuin or the House of Peers was the upper house of the Imperial Diet under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (in effect from 11 February 1889 to 3 May 1947).
		With the creation of new peers and the addition of seats for representatives of the Imperial Academy (Gakushiin), the membership grew to 403 by 1925.
		The Constitution of Japan, in effect from 3 May 1947, replaced the unelected House of Peers with an elected House of Councilors.
	www.japan-101.com /history/kizokuin_japan_house_of_peers.htm (275 words)

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