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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Hoxnian interglacial
		The Hoxnian interglacial (and is analogous to the Yarmouth interglacial in North America, the Holstein interglacial in northern Europe and the Mindel-Riss interglacial in the Alps) is a name for an interglacial period which occurred between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago.
		It was a warm period and its deposits directly overlie material from the preceding Anglian glaciation and lie beneath those from the following Wolstonian glaciation.
		The name Hoxnian interglacial is used by British geologists and archaeologists who named it after the Hoxne in the English county of Suffolk where some of the deposits it created were first found.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Hoxnian_interglacial (159 words)

	CLACTONIAN FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Clactonian is the name given by archaeologists to an industry of European flint tool manufacture which dates to the early part of the interglacial period known as the Hoxnian, the Mindell-Riss or the Holstein_interglacial (300,000-200,000 years ago).
		The traditional chronology of Clactonian being followed by Acheulean is also being increasingly challenged since finds of Acheulean tools were made at Boxgrove in Sussex and High_Lodge in Suffolk.
		These finds came from deposits connected with the Anglian_glaciation, the glaciation which preceded the Hoxnian and therefore would have preceded the Clactonian.
	www.marlinmall.com /Clactonian (545 words)

	Quatern: Unit Specification
		The deposits of Hoxnian age are mainly lacustrine deposits occupying hollows in the Lowestoft till of the Anglian glaciation, or lying in channels believed to have been scoured by ice in Anglian times.
		Furthermore the picture that emerges of the late Hoxnian is of a largely evergreen forest with pine, fir, spruce, yew, rhododendron, and box accompanied by alder and sparse mixed oak forest elements.
		As with the Hoxnian, several of the species, and their behaviour give valuable clues as to the nature of the interglacial climate.
	www.envf.port.ac.uk /geog/teaching/quatern/q7.htm (3426 words)

	Popweb: Ulmus glabra - Palaeoecology
		During the Hoxnian, Ipswichian and Flandrian, it played a mediocratic role within mixed oak forest.
		Pollen is present through all four Hoxnian sub-stages, but most consistently in the two warm middle stages.
		However, most frequencies are below 5% in the Hoxnian, and only marginally higher in the Ipswichian (Godwin, 1975).
	www.geog.qmw.ac.uk /popweb/ulmus/palaeo.htm (177 words)

	From the Beginning of Man to the Bronze Age
		At Barnham, a terrapin shell was found and once small mammals like the water voles have moved in, their remains can sometimes be dated by minute evolutionary changes.
		Most of their tools were probably wooden, and their technology may have been based more on wood, plant and animal material than upon stone.
		It has been suggested recently that the Hoxnian Interglacial or warmer period drew to a close at this time.
	www.stedmundsbury.gov.uk /sebc/visit/beginning-of-man.cfm (6813 words)

	Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Abstracts from Journal of Conchology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, it appears to have been widespread in central Europe during the Middle Pleistocene, especially in calcareous tufas of Holsteinian (=Hoxnian) age.
		The new sites in Britain and France are all Middle Pleistocene in age and, apart from Barling, appear to date from the same interglacial (the Hoxnian).
		The Barling record seems to be younger, probably dating from the subsequent interglacial stage, and is therefore likely to be the same age as that from Belvédère in The Netherlands.
	www.conchsoc.org /2abs37_6.htm (984 words)

	Archaeology around Knutsford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		I say 'Ice Ages' (plural) as the prevailing opinion of our day is that there were several long breaks in 'The Ice Age' during which our climate improved sufficiently to allow for human habitation and that a single 'Ice Age' did not occur as such.
		Tools of this kind are common in the South especially on the Downlands, Suffolk, Kent and Essex, like the site at Clacton-on-Sea where they have been found in the gravels underlying the golf course there.
		These camps are virtually unheard of north of Oxfordshire and The Wash on the East Coast, the most famous recent example being that at Centre Parks featured on an episode of the 'Time Team' television programme.
	www.virtual-knutsford.co.uk /archaeology/b_hoxnian.htm (790 words)

	Popweb: - Hedera helix
		Pollen records become increasingly common from the Hoxnian interglacial (oxygen isotope stage 7 or 9) onwards (Godwin 1975).
		In the Hoxnian and Ipswichian (oxygen isotope stage 5) stages Hedera is very common in mid-interglacial, supporting its status as an indicator of warmer, mesocratic conditions (Birks 1986) which has been deduced from the distribution of Hedera pollen records in the Holocene.
		Scrapings from a rhinoceros tooth from Hoxnian sediments at Clacton, Essex contained 37% of Hedera pollen (Godwin 1975).
	www.geog.qmw.ac.uk /popweb/hedera/palaeo.htm (470 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » MPhil study
		The presence of a sea buckthorn peak in the basal layer is reported excusively from Late Anglian zones before the initiation of the Hoxnian.
		A Hoxnian age for BH6 is supported by other phenomena in the pollen stratigraphy such as a late Carpinus entry and an early Quercus entry.
		Thus, the specifics of the pollen stratigraphy coupled with the palaeobotantical information derived from the other lines of evidence and the nature of basin formation suggest a Hoxnian age as opposed to Ipswichian or Holocene for this borehole.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /graduate/mphil/0102.html (1268 words)

	Geology Of Essex
		The Anglian glaciation was followed, about 400,000 years ago, by a warm stage traditionally called the Hoxnian interglacial.
		Neanderthals made their way north from Europe during this period taking advantage of the retreat of the ice.
		The modern (post-diversion) Thames has numerous bench-like terraces on either side of the valley, the oldest being at the highest elevation.
	www.essexwt.org.uk /Geology/geology4.htm (976 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » Steve Boreham
		Interglacial lake deposits at Tye Green, Stansted, resting on unweathered till and overlain by a weathered diamicton are correlated with the Hoxnian temperate Stage.
		The sediments represent the infilling of an isolated kettle-hole type lake basin formed at the end of the cold Anglian Stage.
		The sedimentary sequence and vegetational development recorded in the sediments at Tye Green are compared to other Hoxnian sites in eastern England.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /people/boreham/papers/stansted.html (169 words)

	The Meaning Of Ilex
		Ilex aquifolium pollen is not common in interglacial periods prior to the Holocene, except for the Hoxnian (c.f.
		During the Hoxnian a continuous pollen curve for Ilex has been recorded (West 1980) suggesting a more oceanic nature for that interglacial.
		This is supported by higher Ilex frequencies being present in Irish sites of that age and a more easterly distribution in Europe for Ilex than at present.
	www.angelfire.com /band2/movingswiftlynowhere/meaning.html (619 words)

	Hoxnian Interglacial
		Firethorn.(Pyracantha sp) is known only in Hoxnian deposits at Clacton and West Wittering.
		The Water Fern, Azolla filicoides, occurred during the Hoxnian but did not occur again until introducted in recent times.
		Their culture is known as the Lower Paleolithic (Early Stone Age).
	www.phancocks.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /naturalhistory/hoxnian.htm (368 words)

	Context No.59 April 2004
		This site contained very good and almost undisturbed archaeology, and the presence of hand axes and flint tools helped to establish a human presence at the site.
		Thirty thousand years after arriving, these first colonists were forced out of the area by a major cold phase that lasted 50,000 years and ended with the beginning of the Hoxnian Interglacial.
		This time period began approximately 420,000 years ago, and ended about 360,000 years ago: it is characterised by temperatures one or two degrees higher than they are now.
	www.colas.freeserve.co.uk /context/59apr2004/earlyoccupation.html (1352 words)

	biab online: record result (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Clactonian appears to run from the latter part of the Anglian to at least the Early-temperate zone of the Hoxnian (Ho IIb).
		Different traditions of handaxe manufacture existed side by side in Britain during the Hoxnian and Wolstonian stages.
		The Swanscombe sequence cannot be certainly fitted into the Clacton-Hoxne framework, but new pollen evidence from the Lower Loam suggests that either the Lower Gravel and the Lower Loam are pre-Hoxnian, or the Middle Gravels are Wolstonian.
	www.biab.ac.uk /online/results1.asp?ItemID=64443 (193 words)

	site3
		Yet 230,000 years ago the river was much broader than it is today with many sub-channels and streams criss-crossing a main channel (see image right).
		Beyond the reed banks at its edges would have stretched temperate woodland and grassland as the land and its inhabitants enjoyed a warm period between two Ice Ages known as the Hoxnian Interglacial.
		Moving through this landscape would have been herds of Mammoth, Deer, Horse and primitive forms of cattle such as the Auroch.
	www.odgc.freeserve.co.uk /site3.htm (1126 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, May 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ice carved out the Wash basin, reached northern London, and forced the Thames south into its present river valley.
		The quality of evidence from this phase is enabling us to look in detail at how humans were using the landscape and what habitats they were choosing.
		Following the Hoxnian, periodic changes in climate doubtless triggered changes in population, but unfortunately the evidence is largely associated with river gravels, making dating uncertain.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba70/feat1.shtml (2654 words)

	biab online: record result (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SU 600065 etc. Three raised beach exposures are described.
		Two indicate a transgression reaching c 37.5-38.5m above HWM which is equated with the Goodwood (Sussex) raised beach for which archaeological evidence suggests a Hoxnian Interglacial age.
		The third beach indicates a transgression to c 16m equated with the Portland raised beach.
	www.biab.ac.uk /online/results1.asp?ItemID=64494 (101 words)

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