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	Huallaga
		The Huallaga (also known as the Guallaga and Rio de los Motilones), which joins the Amazon river to the west of the Ucayali, rises high among the mountains, in about 10 degrees 40' southern latitude, on the northern slopes of the celebrated Cerro de Pasco[?].
		To this point, 140 miles from the Amazon, the Huallaga can be ascended by large river steamers.
		Between the Huallaga and the Ucayali lies the famous "Pampa del Sacramento[?]," a level region of stoneless alluvial lands covered with thick, dark forests, first entered by the missionaries in 1726.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hu/Huallaga.html (183 words)

	Huallaga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Huallaga River (also known as the Guallaga and Rio de los Motilones), which joins the Amazon River to the west of the Río Ucayali, rises high among the mountains, in about 10 degrees 40 minutes southern latitude, on the northern slopes of the celebrated Cerro de Pasco.
		Between the Huallaga and the Ucayali lies the famous "Pampa del Sacramento," a level region of stoneless alluvial lands covered with thick, dark forests, first entered by Christian missionaries in 1726.
		Many streams, navigable for canoes, penetrate this region from the Ucayali and the Huallaga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Huallaga (194 words)

	cannabisnews.com: Preservation vs. Profit
		Huallaga's acidic soil nurtures coca bushes with leaves containing extremely potent alkaloids that are the active ingredient in cocaine.
		In the Huallaga Valley, farmers trying to evade the army and police moved further into the rain forests, creating an ecological disaster zone in the region adjacent to the Cordillera Azul.
		If Huallaga farmers decide to go back to raising coca, however, they are fast running out of enough tillable land in the valley to do it--raising concerns that they might turn to the forests of the Cordillera Azul.
	www.cannabisnews.com /news/18/thread18622.shtml (4506 words)

	Newsbriefs from the Battlefield (AWTW #22)
		Repeated Army offensives along the Huallaga River and the lowlands rising to steep, wooded hills have been unable to force the guerrillas to engage on the enemy's terms.
		It was the most significant of a several-months-long string of temporary seizures of small towns and villages on the approximately 200 kilometres of highway running alongside the Huallaga in the valley from Tingo María to Tocache, and east of Tingo Maria on the area's only other road, leading to Pucallpa.
		It was carrying eight prisoners identified by the authorities as PCP "leaders" from the Huallaga to prison in Lima.
	www.csrp.org /awtwnews.htm (3846 words)

	Río Huallaga
		At 4000 meters the road crosses a bridge over the lower reaches of the Sharpa Gorge, which is the birth of the Huallaga River.
		When we crossed this point in July the flow was a mere trickle and was not runnable for the next 21 km (1000 meters vertical meters of elevation drop) as the river passed through a series of man made obstacles including tunnels and dams.
		After only 15 minutes we touched down in Tingo Maria to pick up passengers and were surprised by how large and clear the river had become.
	www.peruwhitewater.com /huallaga.htm (1555 words)

	Insight on the News: Drug production creates an ecological nightmare - pesticides used to cultivate cocaine in Peru
		Viewed from an airplane flying over the Huallaga River Valley in eastern Peru, the emerald carpet of this part of the Amazon basin is scarred by ugly fl, gray and brown swaths.
		Armstead believes the Huallaga region's coca cultivators "are rapidly eliminating one of the most genetically prosperous ecosystems of the entire Amazon River basin." Devastating floods in November 1987 that killed scores of people in the valley were caused in part by hillsides sliding into rivers after being stripped by coca growers.
		Coca growing in the Huallaga Valley is inextricably linked to the guerrilla war between the Shining Path and the Peruvian military and police.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n34_v10/ai_15751604 (1419 words)

	Peru: Shining Path Guerillas Back in Action
		Over the past week, government troops were flown by air to reinforce army posts in the area of the Huallaga river and increase the number of soldiers trying to fence in the column that attacked the four towns.
		A police officer and one guerrilla fighter were killed and four rebels were wounded in the confrontation while a teacher and two students, caught in the crossfire, also died.
		In Solorzano's opinion, the new outbreak of guerrilla activity in Huallaga and Viscatan was part of a coordinated, unified political plan.
	www.converge.org.nz /lac/articles/news990626a.htm (873 words)

	RIC Query - Peru (27 January 2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		It had originally been announced that he was "Alipio," leader of SL operations in the Apurímac and Ene valleys, member of the SL regional committee in Alto Huallaga, and thought to be the third highest-ranking member within the remains of the SL.
		The Alto Huallaga regional committee had been trying to regroup disparate SL cells that were operating in a disorganized manner throughout the country and some of its columns were suffering from lack of food and medicine (RPP 4 Mar 2001; EL COMERCIO 7 Mar 2001).
		He described the situation as "extremely dangerous" and announced the immediate installation of new military and police bases in the area as well as the restoration of bases that were closed during the Fujimori administration.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/PER03002.htm (6071 words)

	[No title]
		Use of the pesticide Spike over the area, which is at the experimental stage, could furt her damage the ecosystem, according}{\f1 to environmental advocates.\line Photo by AP/Wide World Photos \par }\pard\plain \s15\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\adjustright \f5\lang1024\cgrid {\f1 Coca has grown here for millennia, and Andean peoples have chewed its leaves as a mild stimulant since before the Incas.
		By the late 1980s the Shining Path had established a reign of terror in the Upper Huallaga Valley, and coca growers began to flee their totalitarian ta ctics, spreading the coca zone still further.
		By 1991 the fungus was epidemic in the Upp er Huallaga.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1701/Schmidt/Schmidt.rtf (2093 words)

	PERU
		Most of this activity is directed to the Upper Huallaga valley, in the central jungle of Peru, where Sendero Luminoso has established a strong base.
		This view stems from the mistaken assumption that guerrillas and drug traffickers in the Upper Huallaga are allied.
		Sendero thus does not so much have an alliance with the drug traffickers as it maintains an uneasy working relationship with them, in an area where the authority of the state is almost non-existent.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1989/WR89/Peru.htm (949 words)

	The Lure of a Criminal Cash Crop
		Her farm near the town of Tingo Maria is nestled in the Upper Huallaga Valley, an area where the Andes mountains plunge down to the Amazon basin.
		By the late 1980s the Shining Path had established a reign of terror in the Upper Huallaga Valley, and coca growers began to flee their totalitarian tactics, spreading the coca zone still further.
		By 1991 the fungus was epidemic in the Upper Huallaga.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1701/Schmidt/Schmidt.html (2200 words)

	Peruvian Newsbriefs
		(PCP Regional Committee of Alto Huallaga) On October 2, 1995, combatants of the PCP clashed with the Army in the locality of Alto Pacae in the province of Leoncio Prado.
		On October 11, 1995, the Chief of the political-military command in the Huallaga valley reported clashes between the Army and Maoist combatants in the localities of Alto Uchiza, Buenos Aires, Pacae, Jose Crespo y Castillo and the districts of Progreso and Tocache.
		Most of the reported narco-generals, especially those in charge of the political and military command in the Huallaga Valley (the largest coca producing area in the world) are generally protected by the military establishment.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/1131/press_peru_guerrilla.html (5199 words)

	Huallaga River -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Spanish Río Huallaga, river in central and northern Peru.
		The Huallaga carves a valley between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Azul and emerges into the Amazon River basin to join the Marañón River downstream from Lagunas.
		It is located on the bank of the Huallaga River in a cool, dry intermontane basin.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9041338?tocId=9041338 (820 words)

	U.S. Antidrug Efforts in Peru's Upper Huallaga Valley
		CORAH - Coca Eradication in the Upper Huallaga Valley
		Specifically, we ascertained (1) the rationale for, and costs associated with, the construction, maintenance, and operations of the Santa Lucia base, an antidrug base in the Upper Huallaga Valley; (2) the subsequent rationale for discontinuing support of the Santa Lucia base; (3) and the current status of U.S. efforts to restructure antidrug programs in Peru.
		Coca Eradication in the Upper Huallaga Valley 16.9
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/govpubs/peru1.htm (3147 words)

	Peru's Jets Bomb Trafficker Runways; Tempo Accelerates in Campaign Against Cocaine Production / g c i 275
		The potential on the eastern slopes of the Andes, a 1,500-mile stretch of rugged jungle foothills, is practically limitless.
		In fiscal 1986, Peru is receiving $3.2 million for the drug war, with $5 million and $9.3 million requested for 1987 and 1988.
		Although sources close to the presidency deny that the effort against the drug trade is a bargaining chip in the negotiations over Peru's $14 billion foreign debt, the government has hoped to get wider leeway on financial matters as a willing ally in the drive against drugs.
	www.gci275.com /news/post05.shtml (578 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peru - General Police \| Peruvian Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		AID support for the police was renewed in the 1980s in the Upper Huallaga Area Development Project and the Control and Reduction of Coca Cultivation in the Upper Huallaga Project; the AID assistance was part of the United States government's effort to control coca production and cocaine-paste trafficking.
		Because the reorganization of the police forces into the PN was not fully implemented by the Congress until 1987, the Ministry of Interior substantially reduced its training programs for new officers and enlisted personnel in the late 1980s by postponing the admission of an entire officer class and two enlisted classes.
		In March 1988, when the military failed to respond to urgent requests for assistance by a police force besieged by SL guerrillas at Uchiza, in the Upper Huallaga Valley, the police felt that they had been humiliated by another branch of their own government, as well as defeated in that encounter with the guerrillas.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/peru/peru160.html (1834 words)

	Huallaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		El río de Huallaga (también conocido como el Guallaga y la Río de los Motilones), que ensambla el río de Amazon a al oeste del Ucayali, se levanta arriba entre las montañas, cerca de 10 grados latitud meridional de 40 minutos, en las cuestas norteñas del Cerro celebrado de Pasco.
		A este punto, 140 millas del Amazon, el Huallaga se pueden ascender por los vapores grandes del río.
		Entre el Huallaga y el Ucayali miente el "del famoso Sacramento de la pampa," una región del nivel de las tierras aluviales stoneless cubiertas con los bosques gruesos, oscuros, primero entrados por los misionarios de Christian en 1726.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/hu/Huallaga.htm (211 words)

	THE HIGHER HUALLAGA VALLEY, PERUVIAN YUNGAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In the lower part of the Huallaga valley there are important population centers, such as Bellavista, Saposoa and Juanjui, the last of which has more than 40,000 inhabitants in the San Martin Department.
		The most important threats for the Huallaga Highlands are the expansion of the agricultural border (colonization) in the lowlands, and mining in the highlands, which advances rapidly from the high plateau area down to the head of the cloud forests.
		In the higher Huallaga valley, other products (non timber) provide food for the local populations, both rural and urban, such as fish in the lower zones.
	www.proyectobidtnc.com /peru-eng.html (859 words)

	Cocaine Production Poisoning Peru's Rivers
		In Peru's principal cocaine producing region, the Huallaga Valley, 25 rivers are dying as a result of drug-related contamination.
		In the Huallaga Valley, Peru's leading cocaine production zone, 28 of the 180 rivers had reached the critical state by last year, warned Alex González, of the non-governmental organization 'Alternativa Verde' (Green Alternative).
		Some 50 million liters of chemical waste had been dumped the previous year in the Huallaga Valley's rivers, in the central jungle, and in Convención Valley, in the southern jungle, according to the DEA report.
	www.tierramerica.net /2001/0225/acent.shtml (647 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The park is located at a crossroads between the Maranon and Huallaga rivers and covers 70% of the Abiseo River basin.
		It is located to the east of the city of Trujillo, in the department of San Martin, province of Mariscal Caceres and district of Huicungo.
		The cloud forest is reputed to be part of the Huallaga Pleistocene Refugia, a survival from before the last glaciation, which has led to great species diversity and a high degree of endemism (Brown, 1977; Narvaez, 1989).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0539q.htm (2495 words)

	CPD: South America, Site SA37, Eastern Slopes of Peruvian Andes, Peru
		The Western Huallaga River province is about half covered by moist to wet montane forests, with the lower elevations originally dominated by dry to moist premontane and lowland forests.
		The areas most transformed are the lower elevations of the Western Huallaga River and Urubamba River physiographic provinces; the middle elevations of the Chachapoyan province; and the higher elevations of the Tambo River province (much of which has long been deforested and used in highland agronomic and animal-husbandry systems).
		Large development projects in the 1960s and 1970s in the Huallaga Valley and Tingo María-Pucallpa area left a poorly designed and maintained highway system, deforestation and social conditions conducive to turning the area into what is now the world's leading supplier of the illegal coca leaves, which are processed into cocaine (Morales 1989).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa37.htm (2716 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Enjoying of the rapids of the Huallaga, Estero, Chumia y Vaquero Rivers.
		Day 8: YURIMAGUAS/LAGUNAS.- On the borders of the Huallaga River is an additional port to enter the national reserve of Pacaya and Samiria.
		Arrival to the community of Lagunas, located on the shores of Huallaga River.
	demo.sitebuilder.co.uk /light-en-up/mpindex05s1.htm (590 words)

	VirtualPeru.net: Yurimaguas
		In the foothills of the Andes, along the river Huallaga, lies the city of Yurimaguas.
		Yurimaguas, called "Pearl of the Huallaga" is an important river-port with a population of 30,000, but it has a pleasant and quiet atmosphere.
		It is a typical jungle town and lies very isolated.
	www.virtualperu.net /cities_yurimaguas.html (48 words)

	Shining Path: core of the RIM project
		In the Upper Huallaga Valley, Shining Path's strongholds can be found in the towns of Aucayacu and Tocache, in the province of Leoncio Prado, Huánuco department; and in the province of Tocache, in San Martín department.
		In the provinces of Huanta and La Mar, department of Ayacucho, SL is concentrated along the west bank of the Apurímac River (including in the protected nature reserve of the same name) near its convergence with the Mantaro River.
		On July 7, 1995, the head of the Huallaga Front of the Peruvian Army, Gen. E.P. Alfredo Rodríguez, said that Shining Path was experiencing "economic urgency" because of the blows suffered in Colombia by the Cali Cartel.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/1995/2246_sendero.html (4827 words)

	PERU: State of fear - NI 197 - Cocaine country
		And the high jungle conditions of the Upper Huallaga suit coca cultivation perfectly.
		The organization is a forerunner of the fully-fledged Sendero Luminoso support committees existing on the western side of the Huallaga River where police patrols and strangers rarely venture.
		Despite the millions of dollars in drug money that flow through the Huallaga Valley, there has been little material progress - beyond a clinic, a soccer stadium, an uncompleted apartment house and a chapel built by a local drug trafficker.
	www.newint.org /issue197/cocaine.htm (2279 words)

	LATIN DRUG WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		However, 500 miles north in the Upper Huallaga Valley, far greater quantities are grown for transformation into paste and export to the cocaine labs of Colombia.
		Massive coca crops are relatively new to the Upper Huallaga, where the Andes slope down to the Amazon.
		Guerillas shut down roads in the Upper Huallaga in 1988 when the Peruvian government appeared to be capitulating on spraying.
	mediafilter.org /shadow/S42/S42dea.html (2675 words)

	JB's GWU-WOLA lecture revised for the Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		From March to October, 1989, the counternarcotics "Fire Base" with airstrip at Santa Lucía was built in the Peruvian Upper Huallaga Valley, allowing entry of large resupply aircraft.
		Wherever we went in the Huallaga, we were immediately barraged with dozens of reports of helicopters spraying coca fields, at which point, coca and neighboring plants died.
		However, there is no doubt that there was a huge Fusarium epidemic in the Huallaga, and whatever its source, and we should study it to determine what would happen if Fusarium were to be applied in other places.
	jeremybigwood.net /Lectures/GWU-WOLA-JB/jbs_gwu4.htm (1094 words)

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