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Topic: Hubbard Glacier

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	USGS - Hubbard Glacier, Alaska
		Hubbard Glacier is the largest tidewater glacier on the North American continent.
		This atypical behavior is an important example of the calving glacier cycle in which glacier advance and retreat is controlled more by the mechanics of terminus calving than by climate fluctuations.
		A summary of recent measurements of the growth and advance of Hubbard Glacier was presented at an International Glaciological Society symposium on Fast Glacier Flow held in Yakutat, Alaska, June 10-14, 2002.
	ak.water.usgs.gov /glaciology/hubbard (463 words)

	Glacier -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of (Water frozen in the solid state) ice that is formed on land and moves in response to (A solemn and dignified feeling) gravity.
		Glaciers are found on every continent except (A nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony) Australia.
		Glacial meltwaters flow throughout and underneath glaciers, carving channels in the ice similar to (An underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea) caves in rock and also helping to lubricate the glacier's movement.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gl/glacier.htm (1299 words)

	Hubbard Glacier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the Russell Fiord from Disenchantment Bay waters.
		In May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fiord and creating "Russell Lake." All that summer the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 metres, and the decrease in salinity threatened its sea life.
		Where the glacier meets the shore, most of the ice is below the waterline, and newly calved icebergs can shoot up quite dramatically, so that ships must keep their distance from it as they ply their way up and down the coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hubbard_Glacier (409 words)

	ALASKA'S GLACIERS
		Glacier Bay is a collection of fjords and inlets, home to 16 active tidewater glaciers, all five species of Pacific Salmon and 25 percent of the total number of bird species in all North America.
		Hubbard Glacier is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska extending 76 miles from its source on Mt. Logan in the Yukon.
		The smaller Turner Glacier adjacent to Hubbard is overshadowed by its neighbour.
	www.susanmilne.com /glacier/glacier.htm (1205 words)

	[No title]
		Hubbard was known to a national audience as "The Glacier Priest," a nickname he earned in the 1920s while a Jesuit in theology studies in Austria because he mounted geological expeditions into the Tyrolean Alps every weekend he could.
		Hubbard was born and raised in California, hiking, exploring, and photographing the Santa Cruz mountains and the coast.
		Hubbard, testing the theory that all the Bering Strait Inupiaq Eskimos were related to one another through a mother tongue, was happy to learn that the King Islanders could understand the dialects of the people of other Bering Strait villages.
	www.companysj.com /v183/glacier.htm (1140 words)

	FS-001-03--Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: Growing and Advancing in Spite of Global Climate Change and the 1986 and 2002 ...
		Hubbard Glacier, the largest calving glacier on the North American Continent (25 percent larger than Rhode Island), advanced across the entrance to 35-mile-long Russell Fiord (fig.1) during June 2002, temporarily turning it into a lake.
		Hubbard Glacier is defying the global paradigm of valley or mountain glacier shrinkage and retreat in response to global climate warming.
		All of these glaciers calve into the sea, are at the heads of long fiords, have undergone retreats during the last 1,000 years, calve over relatively shallow submarine moraines, and have unusually small ablation areas compared to their accumulation areas.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs-001-03 (1133 words)

	Alaska magazine \| Wilderness Adventurer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The glacier is so long that a Super Cub pilot needs one hour to fly its length, meeting its birthplace in the white world at the base of 19,551-foot Mount Logan in Canada.
		This meant the glacier had retreated several hundred yards since we were there, part of a fall retreat that often follows the glacier’s summer advance.
		A glacier had chased us away for the second time, and I settled onto a metal seat for the long ride back to Yakutat with a new understanding of how Alaska reinvents itself by the minute and the millennium.
	www.alaskamagazine.com /stories/0203/adventurer.shtml (834 words)

	Father Hubbard: Glacier Priest - Exhibitions at the de Saisset Museum
		The Glacier Priest filming in front of Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Alaska, where he returned to offer his Jubilee Mass with the slogan "Twenty-five years on top of the World." Hubbard was first called The Glacier Priest by his guides in Austria,where he studied theology and mounted weekend expeditions to glaciers in the Tyrolean Alps.
		Bernard Hubbard, a Jesuit priest from Santa Clara University, led annual expeditions to Alaska from 1927 until shortly before his death in 1962 and became known to a national audience as "The Glacier Priest." Just before Hubbard turned 40, he was asked to lead a retreat for the Sisters of St. Anne in Juneau, Alaska.
		Hubbard's early expeditions focused on Alaska's fire and ice, the active volcanoes of the Alaskan Peninsula and the restless glaciers of southeast Alaska.
	www.scu.edu /deSaisset/exhibits/hubbard.html (382 words)

	Hubbard Glacier Photos
		Hubbard Glacier squeezes the passage between Russell Fiord (background) and Disenchantment Bay (foreground) in this photo taken the last time Hubbard "galloped" and closed the passage.
		The dark line across the glacier ice at the top of the photo is the lateral moraine between Valerie and Hubbard Glaciers.
		The shaking from the advancing glacier settles the fine material to the bottom and brings the rocks (white specks in the picture) to the top of the pile.
	www.fs.fed.us /r10/tongass/forest_facts/photogallery/hubbard_photos.html (1284 words)

	Tongass National Forest
		From its source on Mount Logan in the Yukon territory, Hubbard Glacier stretches 76 miles to the sea north of Yakutat in Disenchantment Bay.
		Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the Russell Fjord from Disenchantment Bay waters.
		Hubbard's calving has produced the slurry of ice seen in the foreground of the photo above as well as the growing mass of ice bergs collecting behind the constriction at the head of Russell Fjord/Lake.
	www.fs.fed.us /r10/tongass/hubbard (416 words)

	Wrangell St. Elias NP - Hubbard Glacier
		From its source on Mount Logan in the Yukon territory, Hubbard Glacier stretches 76 miles to the sea at Yakutat and Disenchantment Bays.
		Before it reaches the sea, Hubbard is joined by the Valerie Glacier to the west, which, through forward surges of its own ice, has contributed to the advance of the ice flow that experts believe will eventually dam the Russell Fiord from Disenchantment Bay waters.
		In May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fiord and creating "Russell Lake." All that summer the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 meters, and the decrease in salinity threatened its sea life.
	www.nps.gov /wrst/hubbardglacier.htm (273 words)

	Hubbard Glacier Decides If Russell Becomes Fiord or Lake, Alaska Science Forum
		This summer, area residents say the 200-foot tall face of Hubbard Glacier seems to again be closing the narrow waterway that connects Russell Fiord to the ocean.
		Hubbard Glacier is fed by icefields in Canada so large that it will continue advancing regardless of climate warming or cooling.
		With snowfields the size of Lower 48 counties feeding Hubbard Glacier, the re-birth of Russell Lake may not be far off.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF15/1554.html (625 words)

	Father Hubbard: Glacier Priest - Exhibitions at the de Saisset Museum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hubbard spent a year-long residency on King Island in 1937, filming and photographing the dances, hunts, games, and homes of the King Islanders, who lived in ingenious cliff-dwellings and still practiced the ancient ways of hunting, fishing, and gathering.
		This photo of Hubbard and his party is taken during Hubbard's two-month exploartion of the Aniakchak Crater on the Alaskan Peninsula, not long after Aniakchak's May 12, 1931 eruption.
		Hubbard's account and photos of this expedition were published in magazines and newspapers across Amnerica.
	www.scu.edu /SCU/Departments/deSaisset/exhibits/hubbard-images.html (330 words)

	[Ice_group] USGS Hubbard Glacier/Russell Lake Update (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hubbard Glacier is the largest tidewater glacier on the North American continent.
		The Hubbard Glacier advance has recently partially blocked off the seaward entrance of Russell Fiord (~30 mi long) and created the largest glacier-dammed lake on the North American continent in historic times.
		The USGS Fairbanks glacier office has added a Hubbard Glacier section to its glacier web site that may be of interest to you: http://ak.water.usgs.gov/glaciology/hubbard/ Note that there is a link from this page to the real-time water level data from Russell Lake (no longer a fiord) that was installed Sunday, June 23, 2002.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /pipermail/ice_group/2002-July/000008.html (214 words)

	Hubbard Glacier sea Kayaking, Russell Fjord Wilderness Alaska sea kayak trips Southeast Alaska Yakutat hiking Equinox ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hubbard Glacier: The Galloping Glacier of Russell Fjord Wilderness
		The mightiest of glaciers, Hubbard Glacier flows down 76 miles from its origins in the vast St. Elias Range, reaching the sea as a seven-mile wide, 300-ft. high wall of blue ice in Disenchantment Bay and Russell Fjord.
		This is a place of monumental geological change, and surely the most spectacular tidewater glacier in North America, and the domain of the rare glacier bear.
	www.equinoxexpeditions.com /hubbard.html (554 words)

	Celebrity Alaska Cruises to Hubbard Glacier, Juneau, Icy Strait Point, Inside Passage, Juneau.
		Ports: Seattle, Washington; Sitka, Alaska; Hubbard Glacier (Cruising); Juneau, Alaska; Ketchikan, Alaska; Victoria, British Columbia; Seattle, Washington.
		Ports: Ketchikan, Alaska; Hubbard Glacier (Cruising); Juneau, Alaska; Sitka, Alaska; Inside Passage (Cruising); Vancouver, British Columbia.
		Ports: Seattle, Washington; Ketchikan, Alaska; Hubbard Glacier (Cruising); Juneau, Alaska; Inside Passage (Cruising); Victoria, British Columbia; Seattle, Washington.
	www.cruiseweb.com /CELEBRITY-ALASKA.HTM (704 words)

	Hubbard Glacier
		In Alaska, the money shot is a tad less violent: it comes when camera-toting tourists witness the "calving" of ice off a glacier, that moment when a huge chunk breaks away and crashes into the sea.
		Hubbard Glacier may well be your best bet to get this picture.
		This is the fastest moving and longest tidewater glacier in the continent, a lumbering river of ice flowing relentlessly into Disenchantment Bay, surrounded by vast, seemingly uninhabitable mountain scenery.
	www.cruisemon.com /alaska2/glac/hub.html (110 words)

	Advancing Glacier Coming Close to Blocking Fiord Near Yakutat, Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: )
		June 13, 2002, south-view from above the advancing terminus of Hubbard Glacier, of the mouth of Russell Fiord, showing the glacier margin and the push moraine that is blocked the entrance of the fiord.
		June 13, 2002, southwest-view from above the advancing terminus of Hubbard Glacier, of the mouth of Russell Fiord, showing the glacier margin and the push moraine that blocked the entrance of the fiord.
		June 13, 2002, northeast-up-view from south of the advancing terminus of Hubbard Glacier, of the push moraine that blocked the mouth of Russell Fiord.
	www.usgs.gov /features/glaciers.html (867 words)

	Hubbard Glacier, Destination in Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hubbard Glacier is the only glacier in the world that does not move at a glacial pace.
		In fact, in 1986, hubbard Glacier - the largest tidewater glacier on the North American continent - moved an average of just under 5.5 feet per hour.
		As you approach Hubbard Glacier, watch for seals afloat on the ice.
	www.cruising2alaska.com /destinations/hubbard_glacier.htm (346 words)

	Alaska Cruise - places of interest - Hubbard Glacier
		It was this opening that was sealed off when the glacier 'surged' forward and butted up against the land on the right of the photo.
		In April of 1986, Curt Gloyer, a pilot for Gulf Air Taxi, in Yakutat, returning from dropping off a climbing party noticed that Hubbard Glacier had surged all the way across the channel and essentially dammed Russell Fjord.
		As the weather got warmer and the streams filled with snow melt, the water behind the glacier/dam began rising rapidly, eventually reaching almost 90 feet higher than the level of Disenchantment Bay on the other side.
	www.alaskacruise.com /Hubbard.htm (252 words)

	Hubbard Glacier
		Hubbard's calving--or ice cracking off its face--produces the slurry of ice seen in the photo.
		The Hubbard Glacier is sooooo big that even Frank can't hide it!!
		Glaciers calve when giant pieces of ice crack off the head of the glacier and fall into the sea.
	members.aol.com /LWP02/Hubbard_Glacier.html (160 words)

	Science News: Glacier surge: the view from space - photographs of Hubbard Glacier
		When the Hubbard Glacier galloped towards the Gulf of Alaska earlier this year, scientific understanding of the phenomenon didn't exactly surge forward as well, but the event did offer scientists a rare chance to study the mechanics of a glacial surge and its effects on local ecology and geology.
		In these Landsat Thematic Mapper images the Hubbard Glacier is seen before, left (August, 1985) and after, right (September, 1986) it closed off the Russell Fiord last spring.
		Scientists expect that the glacier will once again seal off the fiord in the next ten years, creating a natural laboratory for ecologists studying how the change from a saltwater to a freshwater environment will affect wildlife.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v130/ai_4539166 (322 words)

	PBS - Harriman: Souvenir Album - Yakutat, Hubbard Glacier
		This immense valley glacier is the longest in Alaska, at more than 86 miles from start to end.
		Most of the ice comes from Hubbard Glacier, and a few of the larger pieces are resting spots for seals.
		The road system is for local travel; glaciers cut off Yakutat from the rest of Alaska to the north and east, and the Pacific Ocean is to the south and west.
	www.pbs.org /harriman/explog/072901_photos.html (630 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iceberg (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An iceberg (berg is the German word for mountain), in German called "Eisberg" (pronounced the same way as the English iceberg, but -berg with the e like in led) is a large piece of ice that has broken off from a glacier or ice shelf and is floating in open water.
		Jump to: navigation, search Aletsch glacier, Switzerland professional wrestler, see Ray Lloyd A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity.
		Ross Ice Shelf An ice shelf is a thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface, typically in Antarctica or Greenland.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iceberg (1263 words)

	Alaska Pix - Hubbard Glacier
		Hubbard Glacier is in Disenchantment Bay inside Yakutat Bay.
		Here, at Hubbard, thunder sounds were usually late indicators of calving (when chunks of ice break off the front).
		When we got about 3 tenths of a mile away from the glacier, the captain turned the boat so that the glacier could be viewed from the side.
	www.gurman.org /Alaska/Hubbard.html (398 words)

	Alaska Cruise, Day 4: Hubbard Glacier
		The glacier began a sudden and dramatic advance in 1986, earning the name "Galloping Glacier." It was probably the coldest place Helen had ever been to.
		Off to the right, a smaller glacier is visible in the distance winding its way through a valley.
		To the left of the main glacier was another one, which looked dirtier.
	www.mit.edu /~dcm/photos/2002/0917.html (461 words)

	Glacier Bay Cruiseline (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Glacier Bay Cruiseline will not be operating a traditional 2006 cruise season.
		Glacier Bay Cruiseline is committed to preserving our natural resources and protecting our environment.
		Glacier Bay Cruiseline will return in 2007 with an improved sailing schedule and exciting adventure itineraries.
	www.glacierbaytours.com (180 words)

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