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Topic: Hubble (crater)

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	Hubble biography
		In 1924 Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda nebula, a faint patch of light with about the same apparent diameter as the moon, and showed it was about a hundred thousand times as far away as the nearest stars.
		Hubble was able to measure the distances to only a handful of other galaxies, but he realised that as a rough guide he could take their apparent brightness as an indication of their distance.
		The observational data available to Hubble by 1929 was sketchy, but whether guided by inspired instinct or outrageous good fortune, he correctly divined a straight line fit between the data points showing the redshift was proportional to the distance.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Hubble.html (595 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Solar System
		Hubble's high-resolution images of the planets and moons in our Solar System can only be surpassed by pictures taken from spacecraft that actually visit them.
		Hubble followed the comet fragments on their last journey and delivered stunning high-resolution images of the impact scars, from which important new information on conditions in the Jovian atmosphere was obtained.
		Hubble carries cameras that are sensitive to ultraviolet light, which is absorbed by the atmosphere and hence not seen by ground-based observatories.
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33369 (387 words)

	Hubble (crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hubble is a lunar crater that lies very near the east-northeastern limb of the Moon.
		It lies to the north of the Mare Marginis and northeast of the Cannon crater.
		The rim of this crater is worn and eroded, and it has a somewhat irregular edge in places.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hubble_(crater) (261 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Searches for Oxygen on the Moon
		Hubble found that the soil in the regions examined contained abundant amounts of ilmenite, a mixture of titanium, iron, and oxygen.
		The Aristarchus crater is the brightest feature of the Moon's near side, nearly twice as bright as most spots on the Moon and visible to the naked eye.
		Aristarchus crater was the planned landing site for Apollo 18, but no human or robot has ever set foot there, making it a likely target for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter as it explores the lunar surface in 2008, according to current plans.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/051019_hubble_moon.html (807 words)

	HubbleSite - NewsCenter - Hubble Reveals Huge Crater on the Surface of the Asteroid Vesta (09/04/1997) - Introduction
		The crater is a link in a chain of events thought responsible for forming a distinctive class of tiny asteroids as well as some meteorites that have reached the Earth.
		Astronomers had predicted the existence of one or more large craters, reasoning that if Vesta is the true "parent body" of some smaller asteroids then it should have the wound of a major impact that was catastrophic enough to knock off big chunks.
		In this Hubble picture of Vesta, a "nub" at the bottom of the asteroid is suggestive of a catastrophic impact.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/archive/releases/1997/27 (181 words)

	Hubble Prospects For Resources on The Moon
		The Hubble telescope is known for its views of faraway galaxies, distant planets, dying stars, and fl holes.
		Hubble's snapshots of the moon, however, represent the first time that scientists have used the telescope to support human space exploration.
		Aristarchus crater, twice as deep as the Grand Canyon and 26 miles wide (42 km), was created when a asteroid collided with the moon a few hundred million years ago.
	www.physlink.com /News/102605HubbleMoon.cfm (747 words)

	Edwin Hubble...SciPeeps.com
		Hubble was born to an insurance executive in Marshfield, Missouri and moved to Wheaton, Illinois in 1898.
		Hubble's observations in 1923-1924 with the Hooker Telescope established beyond doubt that the fuzzy "nebulae" seen earlier with less powerful telescopes were not part of our galaxy, as had been thought, but were galaxies themselves, outside the Milky Way.
		Hubble discovered the asteroid 1373 Cincinnati on August 30, 1935, and the asteroid 2069 Hubble is named for him.
	www.scipeeps.com /edwinhubble.html (323 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Hubble confirms nearest known extrasolar planet
		The Hubble observations were achieved by a team led by G. Fritz Benedict and Barbara E. McArthur of the University of Texas at Austin.
		Hubble also found that the planet's orbit is tilted 30 degrees to our line of sight, which is the same inclination as a disk of dust and gas that also encircles Epsilon Eridani.
		Although Hubble and other telescopes cannot image the gas giant planet now, they may be able to snap pictures of it in 2007, when its orbit is closest to Epsilon Eridani.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0610/09hubbleplanet (1196 words)

	NASA - Hubble Shoots The Moon
		To prepare, NASA scientists are using the Hubble Space Telescope to hunt for resources, such as oxygen, that are essential for people to survive and to sustain their existence on the lunar surface.
		The Hubble telescope is known for its views of faraway galaxies, distant planets, dying stars, and fl holes.
		Aristarchus crater, twice as deep as the Grand Canyon and 26 miles wide (42 km), was created when a asteroid collided with the moon a few hundred million years ago.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/hubble_moon.html (840 words)

	Hubble Space Telescope: News and Updates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Crater On The Surface Of The Asteroid Vesta
		Hubble's new images show that the "martian invasion" of spacecraft will experience considerably different weather conditions than seen by the last U.S. spacecraft to land on Mars 21 years ago.
		Hubble is ideal for tracking regional dust storms which could pose a threat to Surveyor by drastically changing the planet's air density.
	www.thetech.org /exhibits/online/hubble/updates/may2097-sept497.html (2497 words)

	Many MIT scientists resume Hubble work -- with alum's help - MIT News Office
		MIT scientists who use the Hubble Space Telescope to conduct astronomical observations were thrilled to see Hubble restored to service through the successful efforts of the crew of space shuttle Discovery, including mission specialist John M. Grunsfeld (SB 1980 in physics).
		Hubble is used to observe bright distant quasars which may appear to be doubled or quadrupled by the presence of a gravitational lens.
		Hubble first detected a cloud of neutral hydroxyl near Saturn in 1992 and has been used in several observations to study different regions of this cloud under various viewing angles.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2000/hubble-0112.html (1705 words)

	Hubble telescope tries to wrest secrets out of moonlight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Hubble produced the first high-resolution images of the moon in ultraviolet light -- a frequency that renowned University of Pittsburgh planetary scientist Bruce Hapke says should prove valuable in the search for oxygen-bearing ore on the moon.
		Using the Hubble to image the moon was not as easy as it sounds; it is actually one of the most technically challenging observations to be made with the space telescope, said Jennifer Wiseman, Hubble program scientist.
		The Hubble is moving five miles per second, which is not a big deal when it is looking millions of light years into deep space.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05297/593804.stm (1161 words)

	Moon Craters
		The large crater in the center of the picture is International Astronomical Union crater (IAU) no. 308, which is located at 179 degrees east longitude and 5.5 degrees south latitude.
		This rightly-rayed crater on the farside of the moon was photographed by Apollo 8 on December 24, 1968.The imaged area is near the subsolar point, where the sun was directly overhead as seen from the Apollo 8 spacecraft.
		Brightly-rayed craters are numerous on the lunar frontside; however, they had not been previously observed in such detail on the farside (excerpted from the original NASA caption released with the image.)
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/mooncrater.html (752 words)

	NASA Observatorium Image Gallery -- Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Hubble was aimed at one of the Moon's most dramatic and photogenic targets, the 58-mile-wide (93 km) impact crater Copernicus.
		Hubble's crisp bird's-eye view clearly shows the ray pattern of bright dust ejected out of the crater over 1 billion years ago, when an asteroid larger than a mile across slammed into the Moon.
		Hubble can resolve features as small as 600 feet across in the terraced walls of the crater, and the hummock-like blanket of material blasted out by the meteor impact (lower right).
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/gallery/image_gallery/moon/moon_close3.html (682 words)

	Hubble Frames the Moon :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Summary (Oct 22, 2005): NASA is using the unique capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope for a new class of scientific observations of the Earth's moon.
		NASA is using the unique capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope for a new class of scientific observations of the Earth's moon.
		Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys snapped ultraviolet and visible light images of known geologically diverse areas on the side of the moon nearest Earth.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1750.html (524 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: Edwin Hubble
		His investigation of these and similar objects, which he called extragalactic nebulae and which astronomers today call galaxies, led to his now-standard classification system of elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies, and to proof that they are distributed uniformly out to great distances.
		(He had earlier classified galactic nebulae.) Hubble measured distances to galaxies and with Milton L. Humason extended Vesto M. Slipher’s measurements of their redshifts, and in 1929 Hubble published the velocity-distance relation which, taken as evidence of an expanding Universe, is the basis of modern cosmology.
		Christianson, Gale E., Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1996).
	phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Hubble/Hubble.html (424 words)

	Asteroid Vesta
		The Hubble Space Telescope observed asteroid Vesta between November 28 and December 1, 1994, when Vesta was at a distance of 251 million kilometers (156 million miles) from Earth.
		Hubble images have revealed a diverse world with ancient lava flows and a gigantic impact basin that is so deep, it exposes the asteroid's subsurface, or mantle.
		The one on the left is a NASA Hubble Space Telescope image, taken in May 1996 when the asteroid was 110 million miles from Earth.
	www.solarviews.com /germ/vesta.htm (1447 words)

	ESA - Space Science - SMART-1 view of crater Sulpicius Gallus
		AMIE obtained this sequence on 18 March 2006, from a distance of 1200 kilometres from the surface, with a ground resolution ranging from 110 to 114 metres per pixel.
		The prominent crater on the upper left area of this mosaic is called Sulpicius Gallus.
		The area around Sulpicius Crater is very interesting for lunar scientists – it is one of the most geologically and compositionally complex areas of the nearside of the Moon.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMGV5XAIPE_index_0.html (615 words)

	Hubble sequence Encyclopedia
		Photo Release: Hubble Studies Sequences of Star Formation in Neighbouring Galaxy.
		With its high resolution, the Hubble Space Telescope is able to...
		Photo Release: Hubble Captures Deep Impact's Collision With Comet.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Hubble_sequence.html (142 words)

	Cornell Science News: Vesta Crater
		He explained the crater is big enough to have spewn enough impact debris to be a source of special types of meteorites and other Vesta-like objects.
		The crater, roughly the diameter of Ohio, was found using the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
		Obtaining approximate dimensions of Vesta and the crater from images is calculated by knowing the distance from the Earth to Vesta, and factoring in the camera's characteristics, such as focal length.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/Sept97/Vesta.bpf.html (797 words)

	STScI- PR00-31: Centaur's Bright Surface Spot Could be Crater of Fresh Ice
		Hubble didn't directly see the crater -- the object is too small and far away -- but a spectral analysis of its surface composition shows a complex chemistry, which they believe is due to freshly exposed ice from the impact that made the young crater.
		The reason the crater stands out is that surfaces of many primitive solar system bodies darken and redden when exposed to ultraviolet sunlight, solar winds of charged particles, and cosmic rays.
		The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), for NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
	www.isset.org /hubble2000/PR/2000/31/pr.html (679 words)

	The Neredbojias Website - Planet Mars
		These Hubble telescope pictures show it to be filled with surface frost and water ice clouds.
		Clearest View: This NASA Hubble Space Telescope view of the planet Mars is the clearest picture ever taken from Earth, surpassed only by close-up shots sent back by visiting space probes.
		Hubble's "weather report" from these images in invaluable for Mars Pathfinder, which is scheduled for a July 4 landing.
	www.neredbojias.com /beta/mars.html (2497 words)

	Asteroid Vesta's crater is a source of meteorites
		The distinctive crater shape, with a central peak, is similar to much smaller craters formed on the moon.
		This crater may be the site of origin of 6 percent of all meteorites that reach the Earth.
		He explained the crater is big enough to have spewed enough impact debris to be a source of special types of meteorites and other Vesta-like objects.
	www.news.cornell.edu /chronicle/97/9.11.97/Vesta.html (586 words)

	Analytical Graphics, Inc. - Spacecraft Digest
		It was reported in February 2005 that it is estimated that an uncontrolled reentry of HST would result in 2,055 kilograms of debris from the 11,792-kilogram HST striking the Earth over a 1,220-kilometer ground track.
		As of August 2003, the Hubble Space Telescope-James Webb Space Telescope Transition Plan Review Panel is considering several options for the fly-out of the Hubble Space Telescope.
		It was reported in September 2003 that the Hubble Space Telescope was used to image comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko and to determine that it is a 3 x 2 mile ellipsoid and rotates once every 12 hours.
	www.stk.com /resources/scdigest/hubble.cfm (4967 words)

	ESA - Space Science - Lomonosov – a large crater filled by lava
		Crater Lomonosov is a nice example for a large crater (92 kilometres in diameter) which was filled by lava after the impact, thus exhibiting a flat floor.
		The terraced walls indicate 'slumping', that is sliding of the rocks downwards due to gravity after the end of the impact.
		The small craters inside Lomonosov are the result of impacts into this lava floor which happened after the formation of Lomonosov.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEM1R6BUQPE_index_0.html (349 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA's Hubble Looks For Possible Moon Resources
		Using Hubble Data, Scientists Show Io's Mantle Is Similar To Earth's (October 9, 2000) -- Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis studying chemical data from the Hubble Space Telescope have determined the eruption conditions of Jupiter's volcanically active satellite, Io, and...
		Hubble Deep Field -- The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is an image of a small region of the sky, based on the results of a series of observations by the Hubble Space Telescope.
		Edwin Hubble -- Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 - September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer, noted for his discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way and the cosmological redshift.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/10/051027083949.htm (1896 words)

	Mine the moon? Hubble points to hot spots - Space.com - MSNBC.com
		The Hubble Space Telescope sent back visible-light imagery of the region around Schroter's Valley and Aristarchus Crater on the moon, at left, as well as ultraviolet imagery of the same area, at right.
		Hubble wasn't specifically designed to look at the moon: For an object that close, it can provide only enough resolution to spot a football field.
		The third was the Aristarchus Crater region, a "geologic wonderland" that has piqued geologists' interest for decades.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9752269 (779 words)

	Huge asteroid crater found - MIT News Office
		The crater, 285 miles across and nearly equal to Vesta's 330-mile diameter, is a link in the chain of events thought to be responsible for an entire class of meteorites that have reached the Earth.
		Richard Binzel, associate professor of planetary sciences, was a co-investigator in the HST research, described in the September 5 issue of Science, with the Hubble image of Vesta appearing on the cover.
		Because of the asteroid's small diameter and low gravity, the crater resembles smaller craters on the Moon that have a distinctive central peak of material that has "sloshed" back to the bull's-eye center after the impact.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/1997/asteroid-0910.html (701 words)

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