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	MIND OVER MACHINE with HUBERT DREYFUS, Ph.D.
		DREYFUS: Well, intuition, I think, is knowing in some area, almost immediately, what's the appropriate thing to do, without being able to give any rationalization, justification, reasons to yourself or to anybody else why you did it.
		DREYFUS: Well, if you use them like the serial, step-by-step processing that people use now to try to make digital computers be intelligent, it would be very slow, because our neurons are much, much slower than computer chips.
		DREYFUS: Yes, yes, I think narrative is much more important than giving principles and deductions, if you want to understand anything in the everyday world.
	www.intuition.org /txt/dreyfus.htm (3514 words)

	Hubert Dreyfus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hubert Dreyfus (born 1929) is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.
		In addition to his work on artificial intelligence Dreyfus is well known for making the work of continental philosophers, especially Martin Heidegger and Michel Foucault, intelligible to analytically trained philosophers.
		Erasmus University awarded Dreyfus an honorary doctorate "for his brilliant and highly influential work in the field of artificial intelligence, and for his equally outstanding contributions to the analysis and interpretation of twentieth century continental philosophy".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus (933 words)

	Hubert Dreyfus: Critic of Artificial Intelligence Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The contributions of Hubert Dreyfus to the field of cognitive science are interesting, because unlike other contributors such as Alan Turing and Noam Chomsky, his contributions were not direct scientific.
		Dreyfus was born in 1929 in Terre Haute, Indiana (Bechtel 756).
		One problem Dreyfus had with an exclusively computational view of cognition is the problem with the modelling of common-sense understanding, which requires a notion of relevance, contextually and holistically characterized, resulting from worldly, bodily experiences, not compatible with atomistic, symbolic data structures and discrete computations (Barnette).
	www.angelfire.com /geek/gillan/cogsci/dreyfus.html (512 words)

	[No title]
		Dreyfus points out that research in AI is based on the "a priori assumption that the mind must work like a heuristically programmed digital computer"(187).
		Dreyfus argues that "a timeless, contextless theory of competence cannot be used to reproduce the moment-to-moment involved behavior required for human performance"(190-91).
		Dreyfus believes it is not possible for a computer to reduce these multiple layers of meaning into ones and zeros so that the computer could manipulate them intelligently.
	www.gslis.utexas.edu /~palmquis/courses/reviews/jacrich.htm (775 words)

	John Rothfork: Review of Dreyfus's On the Internet
		Dreyfus sums up the pragmatist view by suggesting that "there can be no understanding of relevance [of what is important or even what constitutes a human situation or problem] without commonsense understanding, and no commonsense understanding without a sense of how the world meshes with our embodiment" (25).
		Dreyfus relies too much on his own experience to imply that elite universities offer true education, while thousands of lesser schools throughout America offer mere training and competency— training which is, if possible, being further degraded by the shift to Web classes.
		I do not suggest that Dreyfus’ sense of education necessarily parallels this unconditional commitment, but the model of education that his students and classes provide is far removed from the kind of students I taught or from the tens of thousands in community college classrooms throughout America.
	www.louisville.edu /journal/workplace/issue5p2/rothfork.html (2897 words)

	Dreyfus
		As a contemporary Socrates, Dreyfus not only questioned the results they had so far obtained, but he also criticized their basic presupposition that intelligence consists of the manipulation of physical symbols according to formal rules, and argued that the research program was doomed to failure.
		In this book Dreyfus convincingly demonstrates the problematic nature of the biological, the psychological, the epistemological and the ontological assumptions of the rationalistic AI research program, and in the introduction to the third edition he rightly concludes that Good Old-Fashioned AI is a paradigm case of a degenerating research program.
		Although Dreyfus’ contributions to the philosophical reflection of artificial intelligence alone amply justify the award of an honorary doctorate, his achievements are by no means restricted to this field.
	www2.eur.nl /fw/hyper/Dreyfus.htm (870 words)

	[No title]
		Hubert Dreyfus is obvioiulsy an extremely bright man. He did his undergraduate work at Harvard and at the time of writing What computers Can't do in 1972 he had been teaching at Harvard, MIT and Brandies.
		Dreyfus explains that this failure is due in part to the process AI use to conduct there research.
		Dreyfus argues that "context-free" data is useless and thsu refutes the intological assumption.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /courses/cs403/reviews/flanders.html (1567 words)

	The Chronicle: Daily news: 03/15/2002 -- 01
		Dreyfus that taking risks is important in learning, but says that the risk of embarrassment in a committed online group is the same as in a face-to-face group.
		Dreyfus also draws on 20th-century existentialists such as Martin Heidegger and especially Maurice Merleau-Ponty, who argues that the body plays a crucial role in all elements of life, from perception to politics.
		Dreyfus takes pains to show he is neither a Luddite nor a categorical opponent of distance education.
	chronicle.com /free/2002/03/2002031501u.htm (862 words)

	Hubert Dreyfus: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hubert Dreyfus[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject], EHandler: no quick summary.
		The massachusetts institute of technology, or mit, is a research institution and university located in the city of cambridge, massachusetts directly across...
		Dreyfus claims that the plausibility of the psychological assumption rests on two others: the epistemological Epistemology quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hu/hubert_dreyfus.htm (1862 words)

	Amazon.com: On the Internet (Thinking in Action): Books: Hubert Dreyfus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dreyfus gives this concept far too much validity, and the first section of this book creates a sort of 'phantom threat' of people wanting to release themselves from their bodies (he calls it 'Cyberia'), and warnings about the consequences of wanting to do so.
		Dreyfus concludes that only by working closely with students in a shared situation in the real world can teachers with strong identities, ready to take risks to preserve their commitments, pass on their passion and skill to their students.
		Dreyfus points this out himself when he reminds us of Plato (who seems to be a favorite of his) who 2.500 years ago warned the Athenians of the dangers of the written word.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0415228077?v=glance (3826 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Dreyfus, Hubert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dreyfus has argued that the enterprise of Artificial Intelligence consists in turning the rationalist project of philosophers like Descartes, Leibniz, Kant, and Husserl into an empirically rigorous research program.
		According to Dreyfus, if the AI research program succeeds, then the rationalist tradition in philosophy will be vindicated, while if it fails, this will be good evidence in support of the critiques of the rationalist tradition offered by thinkers like Wittgenstein, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty.
		Dreyfus’ own view is that the AI research program, and cognitivism in general should be abandoned, precisely because they fall victim to the same critiques that were originally leveled at the rationalist tradition in philosophy.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/dreyfus.html (287 words)

	Amazon.ca: What Computers Still Can't Do : A Critique of Artificial Reason: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At a time when researchers were proposing grand plans for general problem solvers and automatic translation machines, Dreyfus predicted that they would fail because their conception of mental functioning was naive, and he suggested that they would do well to acquaint themselves with modern philosophical approaches to human beings.
		Dreyfus' book is about the history of failure of Artificial Intelligence researchers such as Marvin Minsky to embody intelligence at the human level.
		It is unfortunate that Dreyfus allowed himself to polemicize by using the word 'alchemy' to characterize his opponents, but he has, by far, been the victim of unargued diatribes against his work.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0262540673 (1507 words)

	Amazon.com: Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time, Division I.: Books: Hubert L. Dreyfus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dreyfus has for many years lectured on Heidegger's Being and Time in courses at the University of California at Berkeley, and his explanations of that gnomic work have won wide acclaim, which this book shows was justified.
		Dreyfus' account shows Heidegger in the middle of the struggle with those who came before him as he attempts to make sense of the question of what a human being is. I strongly recommend this book as a helpmate.
		Dreyfus, who teaches at UC Berkeley, reduces Being and Time to a neutral quasi-psychology in which "being-there is doing something it makes sense to do given the public situation, and given already taken-over public for-the-sake-of-whiches." And that's all, folks.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0262540568?v=glance (2856 words)

	Global Cities Network Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hubert Dreyfus, professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, has outlined “stages of learning” that address key factors for effective skill acquisition and, we would suggest, aid in the reduction of professional attrition.
		Dreyfus identifies five stages: the novice, the advanced beginner, the competent, the proficient and the expert.
		Dreyfus and Benner suggest that there is a disjunction between the competent level and the proficient and expert levels.
	www.fmglobalcities.org /Learningtobeamissionary.htm (4906 words)

	JOHO - July 24, 2002
		Dreyfus on the Internet: Hubert Dreyfus, philosopher, has written a monograph about the Net that is profound and off the mark.
		Dreyfus is a professor of philosophy at UC Berkeley.
		Although Dreyfus is an academic philosopher, he doesn't get bogged down in either of the philosopher's diseases: the attempt to narrow one's claim to something safely defensible and the compulsion to dispel every possible critique with paragraphs that begin "One might claim..." No, Dreyfus writes like someone engaged with his topic and his readers.
	www.hyperorg.com /backissues/joho-jul24-02.html (6562 words)

	Alibris: Mark Wrathall
		Hubert L. Dreyfus's engagement with other thinkers has always been driven by his desire to understand certain basic questions about ourselves and our world.
		Dreyfus has influenced a generation of students and a wide range of colleagues, and these volumes are an...
		A Companion to Heidegger is a complete guide to the work and thought of Martin Heidegger, one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century.The volume opens by focusing on the most important elements of Heidegger's intellectual biography, including his notorious involvement with National Socialism.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Wrathall,Mark (659 words)

	Selected Secondary Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dreyfus, Hubert L. "Interpreting Heidegger on Das Man." Inquiry 38 (1996): 423-430.
		Dreyfus, Hubert L. "Holism and Hermeneutics." The Review of Metaphysics 34 (1980): 3-23.
		Fell, Joseph P. "The Familiar and the Strange: The Limits of Praxis in the Early Heidegger." In Heidegger: A Critical Reader, edited by Hubert L. Dreyfus and Harrison Hall, 65-80.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/blattnew/topics/secondarylit.htm (399 words)

	Barnette review of Dreyfus
		Yet Hubert will shortly write in the current Introduction: "Indeed, neural-network researchers with their occasional ad hoc success but no principled way to generalize seem to be at a stage of GOFAI researchers when I wrote about them in the 1960's.
		For many AI system-designers, as well as for many scientifically- minded philosophers (myself included), Dreyfus' repeated 'It can't be done' stance will be unsettling, especially in light of his overt willingness to leave the putative mystery of the mind as simply that: a mystery.
		Still, for those who do see a physicalistic basis of mentality as a correct and natural one, one should appreciate, in response to Dreyfus' skepticism, that machine models of human cognition need to square with neuroscience realities, just as brain mechanism models need to square with AI models that try to replicate intelligence.
	www.valdosta.edu /~rbarnett/phi/dreyfus.html (1150 words)

	Dreyfus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dreyfus Corporation, a Mellon Financial Corporation subsidiary.
		Alfred Dreyfus, was a Jewish French military officer, best known for being the focus of the Dreyfus affair
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dreyfus (109 words)

	Artprice Stores ® : GALERIE DREYFUS
		The DREYFUS Gallery has premises in Basel and Paris offering Old Master Paintings and Modern Art with a spectrum encompassing Antoine Le Nain to Donald Judd passing Greuze, Renoir or Pablo Picasso.
		The gallery is active in many ways, buying and selling, advising collectors, evaluating and expertising based on a long standing experience of its directors, members of CNF and SNA.
		La Galerie DREYFUS est située à Bale et à Paris, et présente des oeuvres des Maitres anciens et modernes balayant l'histoire de l'art occidental, de Antoine Le Nain à Donald Judd, en passant par Greuze, Renoir ou Pablo Picasso.
	web.artprice.com /store/GALERIE-DREYFUS (187 words)

	Book review of Hubert Dreyfus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Inspired by Husserl's phenomenology (intelligence as a context-determined, goal-directed activity), Dreyfus thinks that comprehension can never do without the context in which it occurs.
		Dreyfus emphasizes the role of the body in intelligent behavior and that human experience is intelligible only when organized in terms of a situation (as a function of human needs).
		The introduction to the second edition takes on Minsky's frames and Schank's scripts, two noveties that apparently meet Husserl's criteria for intelligence (in that they perform search for anticipated facts).
	www.thymos.com /mind/dreyfus.html (158 words)

	for Phil 340: Mind, Matter, and Machines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hubert Dreyfus (a philosopher at Berkeley) has written two extensive critiques of the idea that human intelligence can be mechanized, which generalize for him into criticisms of the broader research tradition in Artificial Intelligence.
		Dreyfus' ideas are inspired by Continental philosophy, in particular by Husserl.
		Examine Dreyfus' ideas, and either elaborate and defend them or critize them.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /~rthomaso/courses/phil340/projects/p3.html (116 words)

	Artificial Intelligence By Hubert Dreyfus and Daniel Dennett
		Artificial Intelligence By Hubert Dreyfus and Daniel Dennett
		Daniel C. Dennett is director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University and author of Darwin's Dangerous Idea.
		Hubert Dreyfus is a philosophy professor at the University of California at Berkeley and author of What Computers Still Can't Do.
	www.slate.com /id/3650/entry/23912 (591 words)

	Hubert Dreyfus's "Intelligence Without Representation"
		Thus, thanks to Freeman's work, Merleau-Ponty's claim that the representationalist philosophy of mind is mistaken, can be defended not only on the phenomenological level but on the neurological level as well.
		For a detailed treatment of the phenomenology of skill acquisition, see H. Dreyfus and S. Dreyfus, Mind Over Machine, Free Press, 1982.
		For a worked out account of human body-structure and how it is correlative with the structure of the human world, see Samuel Todes, The Human Body as Material Subject of the World, Garland Publishing, 1990.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /cogsci/dreyfus.html (6318 words)

	Alibris: Hubert Dreyfus
		Defining the limits of computer technology, the authors make a compelling case that binary logic will always be inferior to human intuitive ability.
		For this edition of his now classic book, Dreyfus has added a lengthy new introduction outlining changes in AI and assessing the paradigms of connectionism and neural networks...
		The volumes in this popular series provide nurse educators with material to help them plan, conduct, and evaluate their instructional goals and accomplishments.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Hubert_Dreyfus (822 words)

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