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| | Tunneling Under the Hudson River |
 | | CHAPTER I. Hudson River, flowing between New York City and Jersey City, where seven great railroads carrying the bulk of freight from the West have their termini, has always most effectually delayed transportation, and rendered impossible the sure, and at the same time the quick, delivery of freight. |
 | | The bed of the river consists of silt, which extends from the New Jersey or western side nearly or quite across the river ; upon the New York side, near the shore, some rock is encountered, between which and the shore sand underlies the silt. |
 | | It is a washing brought by the water from the upper regions drained by the river, and the magnitude of the deposit, in the area covered and depth (varying from 28 to 100 feet), indicates that the work has been going on for ages. |
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