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Hugh Clapperton

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	Hugh Clapperton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clapperton continued his journey alone through Kano to Sokoto, the capital of the Fula Empire, where by order of Sultan Bello he was obliged to stop, though the Niger was only five days' journey to the west.
		Clapperton landed at Badagry in the Bight of Benin, and started overland for the Niger on the December 7 1825, having with him his servant Richard Lemon Lander, Captain Pearce, and Dr. Morrison, navy surgeon and naturalist.
		Clapperton was the first European to make known from personal observation the semi-civilized Hausa countries, which he visited soon after the establishment of the Sokoto Empire by the Fula.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hugh_Clapperton (708 words)

	Hugh Clapperton riding across the Sahara in the 1820s
		Clapperton spent one year exploring Borno in the Lake Chad region and in 1824 became the first European to travel across the ancient commercial states of Hausaland to Sokoto, the capital of the most important empire in the central Sudan at the time.
		Clapperton’s mule fell in one and had to be hauled out with ropes – ‘two of the spikes had run into it one in the belly which took the direction between the skin and the flesh the other into the near thigh which disabled the poor animal from walking without great pain’.
		Clapperton in Borno: journals of the travels in Borno of Lieutenant Hugh Clapperton, RN, from January 1823 to September 1824 is published by Koeppe.
	www.thelongridersguild.com /clapperton.htm (2286 words)

	Hugh Clapperton
		On the 14th of December, 1823, Mr Clapperton, accompanied by Dr Oudney, commenced a journey to the west, for the purpose of exploring the course of the Niger, leaving Denham to explore the neighbouring shores of the great lake Chad, which may be called the Caspian of Africa.
		Clapperton was very anxious to have pressed westwards in order to fall in with the Niger, which he was told was within five days’ journey, and the course of which was described to him by the sultan.
		Clapperton was detained for several months at Soccatoo in bad health, and Lander was inveigled by the sultan to come also to that city, along with the baggage, in order that the presents intended for Bornou might be intercepted.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/clapperton_hugh.htm (4931 words)

	Hugh Clapperton Biography / Biography of Hugh Clapperton Biography
		Hugh Clapperton was born in Annan, the son of a surgeon.
		Clapperton's belief that the Niger emptied into the Atlantic at the Bight of Benin was proved by his servant, Richard Lander, in a later expedition.
		Clapperton and Oudney's role in the first expedition to Lake Chad was minimized by Dixon Denham, who claimed most of the credit for himself in his Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824 (1826).
	www.bookrags.com /biography-hugh-clapperton (520 words)

	[No title]
		CLAPPERTON, HUGH (1788-1827), Scottish traveller in West-Central Africa, was born in 1788 at Annan, Dumfriesshire, where his father was a surgeon.
		Clapperton landed at Badagry in the Bight of Benin, and started overland for the Niger on the 7th of December 1825, having with him his servant Richard Lander (q.v.), Captain Pearce, R.N., and Dr Morrison, navy surgeon and naturalist.
		In 1829 appeared the Journal of a Second Expedition into the Interior of Africa, andc., by the late Commander Clapperton, to which was prefaced a biographical sketch of the explorer by his uncle, Lieut.-colonel S. Clapperton.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=16013 (687 words)

	Discoverers Web: Hugh Clapperton
		Clapperton pressed on to Kano, the capital of the Hausa kingdom and a trading centre with a reputation as legendary as that of Timbuktu.
		Clapperton thought that this second map was a deliberate fake prepared to put him off going south to the river.
		Clapperton was absolutely convinced that he had learned the secret of the Niger from the map which Mohammed Bello had originally drawn in the sand.
	www.win.tue.nl /~engels/discovery/clapperton.html (1705 words)

	Hugh articles on Encyclopedia.com
		Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, 2d earl of TYRONE, HUGH O'NEILL, 2D EARL OF [Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, 2d earl of] 1540?-1616, Irish chieftain.
		Hugh succeeded his murdered older brother, Brian, as Baron Dungannon in 1562 and was sent to England for safety.
		Clapperton, Hugh CLAPPERTON, HUGH [Clapperton, Hugh] 1788-1827, British explorer, b.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Hugh&StartAt=11 (384 words)

	Clapperton Hugh - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Clapperton, Hugh (1788-1827), British explorer, born in Annan, Dumfries.
		His account of the region now known as northern Nigeria was the first by a...
		British-government-backed expeditions in 1821 and 1825, led by naval lieutenant Hugh Clapperton, failed to further Park’s work, as hoped.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Clapperton_Hugh.html (112 words)

	Denham, Major Dixon, and Captain Hugh Clapperton and Doctor Oudney, NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS AND DISCOVERIES IN NORTHERN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Denham, Major Dixon, and Captain Hugh Clapperton and Doctor Oudney, NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS AND DISCOVERIES IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA in the years 1822, 1823, and 1824...Extending Across the Great Desert...and From Kouka in Bornou, to Sackatoo, the Capital of the Fellatah Empire.
		Clapperton continued west, but was prevented from passing beyond Sackatoo by the local Sultan.
		The engravings, after drawings by Denham and Clapperton, are superbly engraved by Edward Finden, one of the finest steel-engravers in England at the time.
	www.polybiblio.com /bud/11270.html (372 words)

	Hugh Clapperton - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		MacLennan, Hugh (1907-1990), Canadian novelist, essayist, and professor of English at McGill University.
		Hugh Seymour Walpole was born in Auckland, New Zealand.
		Lane, Fitz Hugh: painting by Fitz Hugh Lane
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Hugh_Clapperton.html (89 words)

	Hugh Clapperton, Tour Scotland.
		Hugh Clapperton was one of the first British explorers to enter the central Sahara, but his journals have never been published before.
		Recently discovered in South Africa, they show him to be one of the most sensitive and sympathetic travellers, his observations untainted by any sense of moral superiority.
		Hugh Clapperton has a sharp eye for detail, be it wind-stiller magicians, the effect of the evil eye or slave skeletons clustered around well heads.
	www.visitdunkeld.com /hugh-clapperton-biography.htm (199 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Clapperton took part in the Borno Mission of the British Government from 1822 to 1825.
		The journey is documented by Clapperton’s diaries, which were presumed lost for over a hundred and fifty years.
		Hugh Clapperton’s Travels in Sahara and Fezzan (1822—25)” (London: Baring and Rogerson Books, 2000; ISBN 1-900209-06 (3)).
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-927620-54-8.html (371 words)

	CLAPPERTON, HUGH (1788... - Online Information article about CLAPPERTON, HUGH (1788...
		Immediately after his return Clapperton was raised to the rank of See also:
		Clapperton continued his journey, and, passing through the Yoruba country, in January 1826 he crossed the Niger at See also:
		SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLAPPERTON_HUGH_1788_1827_.html (937 words)

	National Geographic Adventure Mag.: Excerpts: "Rediscovering Libya," April 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This didn't stop Scotsman Hugh Clapperton, who, in 1824, became the first Westerner to fully explore inner Libya and reach the interior of Africa by crossing the Sahara.
		Clapperton is a hero of mine, one of those old-time explorers who was always sick with one serious illness or another (dysentery, malaria) in a time when drinking mercury or bleeding was one's only medical recourse.
		I carry Clapperton's journals with me now as I head out to the ruins, a couple of "tourist policemen" eyeing me. Groups of more than two foreigners aren't allowed to travel in Libya without the accompaniment of such government-assigned watchdogs.
	www.nationalgeo.com /adventure/0504/excerpt1.html (1585 words)

	Books : Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827 (Sources for African ...
		Books : Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827 (Sources for African History)
		Hugh Clapperton, Scottish explorer and diplomat, made two expeditions into the interior of West Africa, the first across the Sahara Desert and the second inland from the Bight of Benin.
		Clapperton's diaries have been transcribed and reproduced in a form as close as possible to the original raw material.
	www.connectedglobe.com /cgi-local/amazon/cgapf.cgi?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=9004141553&templates=millennium (130 words)

	Richard Lemon Lander - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The son of a Truro innkeeper, Lander's explorations began as an assistant to the Scottish explorer Hugh Clapperton on an expedition to western Africa in 1825.
		Clapperton died in April 1827 near Sokoto, present-day Nigeria, leaving Lander as the only surviving European member of the expedition.
		1830 ;: Records of Captain Clapperton's Last Expeditions to Africa, with the Subsequent Adventures of the Author
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Richard_Lemon_Lander (351 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hugh Clapperton (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia
		He traveled through the Hausa states and collected much information about Kano and Sokoto.
		Clapperton's second expedition sought to discover the mouth of the Niger River.
		Before he could accomplish this task he died near Sokoto on Apr. 13, 1827.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clappert.html (217 words)

	Amazon.ca: Hugh Clapperton Into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amazon.ca: Hugh Clapperton Into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827: Books
		Hugh Clapperton Into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827
		by Hugh Clapperton (Author), Bruce Lockhart (Editor), E.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/9004141553 (203 words)

	Who was the first explorer of the Sahara? , In 1822, Hugh Clapperton, a young naval lieutenant, agreed to go with ...
		Having established that none of the rivers flowing into Lake Chad was associated with the Niger, Clapperton returned to England and wrote a book of his adventures.
		In 1822, Hugh Clapperton, a young naval lieutenant, agreed to go with Walter Oudney and Dixon Denham to try and discover the source of the River Niger in North Africa.
		Nine months later Clapperton arrived in Sokoto, where his detention by the sultan, added to the hardships of the journey, so affected his health that he died soon afterwards, at the age of thirty-nine, and was buried outside the walls of Sokoto.
	www.4to40.com /QA/index.asp?counter=163&category= (424 words)

	Amazon.com: Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827 (Sources for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amazon.com: Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827 (Sources for African History): Books: Paul E. Lovejoy,Hugh Clapperton,Jamie Bruce-Lockhart,Jamie Bruce Lockhart
		Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825-1827 (Sources for African History) (Paperback)
		Journals of the Travels in Borno of Lieutenant Hugh Clapperton (1996) and (with John Wright), Difficult and Dangerous Roads: Hugh Clapperton’s Travels in Sahara and Fezzan 1822-1825 (2000).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/9004141553?v=glance (564 words)

	Overview of Hugh Clapperton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Clapperton served in both the merchant fleet and the navy, travelling to India and Canada.
		Invited to by the Admiralty to take part in an expedition which sought the source of the River Niger, which had been partially explored by Mungo Park (1796).
		Clapperton reached Lake Chad in 1823, which was the source of one of the Niger's major tributaries.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /scotgaz/people/famousfirst402.html (129 words)

	Africa: Philadelphia Rare Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Clapperton had participated in Denham's earlier expedtion into Western Africa; on this second trek he was the expedition leader.
		In his attempt to find the source and map the course of the Niger River, he accomplished an immense amount of travel, and here are his travels to Bussa (where he learns the details of Mungo Park's death), Kanto, Katunga, and finally Sokoto, where he died of malaria and dysentery.
		The engraved plan shows the course of the Kowara or Quarra River.
	www.prbm.com /interest/africa.shtml (1873 words)

	Denham, Major Dixon, and Captain Hugh Clapperton and Doctor Oudney, NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS AND DISCOVERIES IN NORTHERN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		With an Appendix by Major Dixon Denham and Captain Hugh Clapperton London John Murray 1828
		With three maps including a large folding map, one hand-colored view, and 12 other engraved plates by Finden.
		Denham and Clapperton, in the company of Dr. Walter Oudney, traveled from Benioleed, near Tripoli, almost due south to Lake Tchad, with excursions into the mountains west of Mourzuk in Fezzan.
	www.polybiblio.com /bud/12946.html (347 words)

	BU Libraries \| ASL \| acquisition archives \| sept 2005
		Clapperton, Hugh / Hugh Clapperton into the Interior of Africa: Records of the Second Expedition, 1825 - 1827.
		Hughes, Rebecca Eliza / Once Upon a Time A Nation Called Liberia (Part 1).
		MacMillan, Hugh / African Trading Empire: The Story of Susman Brothers and Wulfsohn, 1901-2005.
	www.bu.edu /library/asl/sept2005.html (2186 words)

	BNW : Biafra Nigeria World Message Board: the Voice of a New Generation: Starting where our forefathers stopped
		As you know, starting in 1803 when it became clear that the invidious slave trade had been discontinued, Mongo Park had sought the source of the Niger but his hampered efforts were now heightened in 1821, when a British-backed expedition, led by Naval Lieutenant, Hugh Clapperton, sailed.
		Of course it was without notice and consent of the natives that the colonial agents merged the Lagos colony and protectorates of Southern Nigeria, as a prelude to building a mega territorial possession for the Queen of England.
		From amalgamation of North and South in 1914, and the constitutional conferences -all named after their husbandmen - Sirs Hugh Clifford; Donald Cameron; Bernard Bourdillon; The Lord Milverton, Sir Arthur Richards; Sirs John Mcpherson and James Robinson; agreements were reached on the impending Nigeria project.
	messageboard.biafranigeriaworld.com /ultimatebb.cgi/ubb/get_topic/f/6/t/000102.html (2534 words)

	Hugh Clapperton Into The Interior Of Africa : Compare Deals & Buy Online at Bargain Prices : Shopzilla
		Hugh Clapperton Into The Interior Of Africa : Compare Deals & Buy Online at Bargain Prices : Shopzilla
		Hugh Clapperton Into The Interior Of Africa (Paperback)
		Author: Paul E. Lovejoy, Hugh Clapperton, Jamie Bruce Lockhart
	www.shopzilla.com /12_-_cat_id--8012__prod_id--178943576 (250 words)

	Johnston and Muffett (1973) Denham in Bornu: An account of the exploration of Bornu between 1823 and 1825 by Major ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Johnston and Muffett (1973) Denham in Bornu: An account of the exploration of Bornu between 1823 and 1825 by Major Dixon Denham, Dr. Oudney, and Commander Hugh Clapperton, and of their dealings with Sheik Muhammad El Amin El Kanemi
		Denham in Bornu: An account of the exploration of Bornu between 1823 and 1825 by Major Dixon Denham, Dr. Oudney, and Commander Hugh Clapperton, and of their dealings with Sheik Muhammad El Amin El Kanemi
		Kanem-Bornu Empire; Sahara; Description and travel; Denham, Dixon; Oudney, Walter; Clapperton, Hugh
	www.getcited.org /pub/101350688 (98 words)

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