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Topic: Huk guerilla

	The Huks And The New People's Army: Comparing Two Postwar Filipino Insurgencies
		The PKP and the Huk Rebellion 18 3.
		For the Huks, the murder of peasant leader Juan Feleo in August 1946 was a highpoint of this period.
		The Huks used the amnesty period for propaganda purposes and negotiations failed with the termination of the amnesty period on 15 August 1948.23 For the next two years, government operations were essentially ineffective against the growing Huk movement with Quirino later adopting a "mailed fist" policy like his predecessor.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1985/ARS.htm (17028 words)

	Hukbalahap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hukbalahap began as several groups of resistance against the Japanese imperial army that occupied the Philippines after the defeat of the American-Filipino military in the early days of World War II.
		After the war the Hukbalahaps remained active (although to a lesser extent and greatly subverted by the American guerilla troops), eventually renaming themselves in 1950 into the People's Liberation Army.
		The "Huk" resistance to the new Philippine government formed in 1946 was eventually defeated in 1954.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Huk (368 words)

	The Hukbalahap Insurrection: The Insurrection- Phase I (1946-1950)
		Huk intelligence agents knew the government troops were coming, where they would be coming from, and about how long they would devote to the operation.
		A Huk squadron occupied the town of San Pablo; Police Constabulary posts at San Mateo and San Rafael were attacked and the towns looted; and the mayor of Montablan was kidnapped and held for ransom.
		A later study conducted among four hundred captured Huks (sixty percent of whom were under thirty years of age), found that a full ninety-five percent of the interviewees claimed to have joined the Huk as a means to pursue land reform.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/coldwar/huk/ch4.htm (9173 words)

	Why are insurgencies so difficult to win but even more difficult to defeat? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Since a small number of guerillas can engage a much larger number of enemy troops, they can be effective in number of ways: by dispersing the enemy forces, weakening their logistical support and distracting them from events on the front line.
		Guerilla warfare is advantageous to the insurgent only inasmuch as there is no alternative if he wishes to avoid defeat.
		The guerilla forces were dispersed over a vast geographical area, whilst the Dutch controlled much of Java and Borneo and had greater maritime mobility.
	www.hurle68.freeserve.co.uk /why.htm (3908 words)

	New People's Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On March 29, 1969, the CPP reformed the armed resistance in the Philippines and renamed the Huk fighters the New People's Army.
		The date also marks when the guerilla resistance against Japan was formed in 1942 during World War II.The formation was created when Jose Maria Sison and Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.
		The remaining leadership of the NPA continued guerilla warfare but began committing human rights violations, extortion, kidnappings and urban insurrection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_People's_Army (621 words)

	LuisTeodoro.com » Blog Archive » Aiming high
		Guerilla forces cannot survive without the support of the population–support that can range from providing guerillas safe haven to providing them intelligence on troop movements.
		The population is at the same time the inexhaustible supply of guerilla recruits–a fact indivisible from the population’s perception that the guerillas are fighting in their behalf.
		The existence of a guerilla army is first and last premised on the existence of legitimate grievances that can no longer be redressed through legal, institutional means, for the resolution of which the guerillas are perceived to be fighting.
	www.luisteodoro.com /archives/2004/11/09/aiming-high (1201 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Philippines - Islands Under Siege . A Conflicted Land: Rebellions, Wars and Insurgencies in the ...
		Guerilla groups formed to harass Japanese forces and the Filipino puppet government they installed.
		The most powerful group was the Hukbalahap, or Huks, a 25,000-strong peasant army based in Luzon.
		The Huk guerrillas resurfaced in the late 1940s, fueled by peasants' continuing desire for agricultural reform.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/philippines/tl02.html (463 words)

	A Communist Philippines If...
		These guerillas, later on popularly known as "Huks," were the outgrowth of a communist-led popular front movement which had already established a substantial po- litical base in Central Luzon.
		The defeat of the Huk movement was attributed (at least by the new members of a more militant party, the CPP) to the party's petty-buorgeois eagerness to seize power and also for not giving due regard to the strength of the government.
		Later on the CPP attempted to established a guerilla zone in the re- mote parts of Northeastern Luzon, a shift from the traditionally Huk base in Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1988/LLS.htm (4260 words)

	Japanese Occupation of the Philippines - a bloody battle to the end.
		The Philippine Army continued to fight the Japanese in a guerilla war and were considered auxiliary units of the United States Army.
		Guerilla units harassed the Japanese when they could and on Luzon, native resistance was strong enough that the Japanese never did get control of a large part of the island.
		While these incidents happened there was still fighting against the Japanese forces and despite the American measures against the Huk they still supported American soldiers in the fight against the Japanese.
	www.philippines-travel-guide.com /philippines-japanese-occupation.html (492 words)

	Testimony of Teodora M
		They were conducting investigation because they were getting information that the community was the base of the guerilla and Huk (rebels).
		We were suddenly surprised when the Japanese started raiding our houses and locating guerillas and Huk.
		They gunned down people, purged the guerilla and Huks.
	www.hri.ca /partners/vawwnet/TestHern.htm (472 words)

	1898 - 1998: History of The Philippines
		In central Luzon the Hukbalahaps, or Huks, a Communist-led group of former guerrillas against the Japanese, organized a rebel government, with its own military, civil, and administrative procedures.
		Demanding collectivization of farmlands and the abolition of tenant farming, the Huks became a powerful force in Luzon.
		In the presidential elections held on November 10, former Defense Minister Ramon Magsaysay won and because of his vigorous conduct of the campaign against the Huks, the back of the rebellion was broken, though not entirely suppressed.
	members.tripod.com /lltm/history3.html (637 words)

	Huk - Sixth World Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Huk was the name originally coined during the 1940's.
		It was during this time that a guerilla movement of USAFE and irregular troops battled with the occupying Japanese Army.
		They primarily rely on smuggling, kidnap-for-ransom missions and the sale of pirated media to fund their operations, while Masaru provides that which they need but could not be procured through the 'conventional' means.
	wiki.dumpshock.com /index.php/Huk (343 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion - Instruments of State-craft: War Insurgency Terror
		When a Huk patrol came along the trail, the ambushers silently snatched the last man of the patrol....
		When the Huks returned to look for the missing man and found their bloodless comrade, every member of the patrol believed that the asuang had got him and that one of them would be next....
		The army unit captured a Huk courier descending from the mountain stronghold to the village.
	forum.atimes.com /topic.asp?ARCHIVE=true&TOPIC_ID=255 (648 words)

	Chapter 4: Toward a New Counterinsurgency: Philippines, Laos, and Vietnam
		Huk forces carried out ambushes, raided outposts, cut roads, and "confiscated" funds and property to sustain the movement; they neither held nor sought to hold territory, and there was never any question of liberated zones.
		The psy-war return on the EDCOR program was enormous, despite the few Huk beneficiaries: The pilot program was, to all accounts, not the expected penal colony but an opportunity in which the select group of former guerrillas were indeed given their heart's desire, a family farm.
		Because of the temporary suspension of the writ of habeas corpus.
	www.statecraft.org /chapter4.html (17506 words)

	PinoyOnBoard.com - Magsaysay Is Still My Guy
		In his stint as a guerilla intelligence officer, Captain Magsaysay conducted risky meetings with fellow guerilla intelligence agents under the very noses of the Japanese occupation troops in Manila and in the most unlikely of places like the rest room of the El Bazar Siglo that was then located near the Try-tran office in Azcarraga.
		As such, he was instrumental in providing the people and the guerillas in the province with food, clothing and medicine that he would secure from the provincial branch of the US Army’s Philippine Civil Affairs Unit.
		Because of his experience as a guerilla officer and his avowed concern for the veterans, he was elected chairman of the committee on national defense.
	www.pinoyonboard.com /2004/0317_magsaysay.html (1926 words)

	Al Qamar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Rumours were spread in the peasant villages that an asuang was living in the hills where the Huks were based.
		A Huk guerilla was also quietly snatched by military forces; two holes were punctured in his neck, then he was hung upside down in order to drain his blood.
		The man was then returned to the Huk's patrol trail where Huks found him once again, and were most likely terrified as the Huk forces were just as superstitious as the peasants in the area.
	www.freewebs.com /alqamarsite/landsdale.html (202 words)

	MILNET: Philippine Vietnam Comparison
		Huk guerilla fighters, having learned their stealthy trade to perfection during the war, vowed to take out the collaborators, especially in central Luzon a pleasant island based on an agrarian life.
		This so called popular revolution withered in 1951, as Huk atrocities soon angered the general population and the Huks eventually dissolved into bandits, murdering and stealing becoming their way of life.
		By 1954, with the aid of U.S. advisors, the Huk's were finally marginalized to be ineffective, and the Huk rebellion squeaked to an end.
	www.milnet.com /afi/phil-viet-compare.htm (5061 words)

	Insurgencies in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The party sough to promote their ideology by using the following causes: the land tenancy system and a peasant desire for agrarian reform; unemployment and poor economic conditions, including an extremely inequitable income distribution; and a lack of government credibility due to corruption and abuses.
		Its violent activities, mostly in the form of orthodox guerilla warfare, are only aimed at the Philippine Military.
		From a peek strength of about 12,000 armed insurgents in the late 1970s, the number of armed guerillas and separatists had declined to 600 in 1987.
	www.army.mil.ph /OG5_articles/Insegencies.htm (3084 words)

	Chapter 3: The Legacy of World War II
		Periodic attacks on Huk units by USAFFE guerrillas were later described by American sources as enforcement of the "lie low" policy; in resentment of Huk action, the hog- tied USAFFE forces "went so far as to ambush Huk units to prevent them from engaging the Japs.
		Furthermore, the Americans insisted the Huks dismantle their political infrastructure in the villages: The orders were to protect discreetly the collaborationist civil administration and not to create potentially lasting subversive alternatives.
		Huk leaders, including their top commander Luis Taruc were jailed on charges of ''subversion, kidnapping, murder and communisnt" and held in detention camps with those Filipino collaborators too notorious to be overlooked.
	www.statecraft.org /chapter3.html (17798 words)

	HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Pablo Urrea, elected Mayor at the outbreak of the war secretly helped the guerillas during the occupation until the danger to his personal safety bacame too great, he relinguished his post to Vice-Mayor Ismael Sombilla and joined the resistance forces.
		On January 23, 1945, the guerilla ambushed the Japanese convoy at Barrio Pook.
		At the height of the Huk campaign, Mayor Urriquia organized his former guerila comrades into the Rizal Fighting Unit, which had the battle cry of "We have no rice, but we have bullets".
	www.msc.edu.ph /guest/rizal/history.html (596 words)

	Re: Da Vinci's Ornithopter
		What we -- and the Soviets in Afghanistan -- learned is that it is very difficult to defeat a guerilla force when that force has an untouchable source of supplies and materiel (the Soviet Union in the case of Vietnam and the United States in the case of Afghanistan).
		As far as the idea that guerillas can't be defeated, well, governments have defeated insurgencies throughout the 20th century -- Greek Civil War 1944-49, Spanish Insurgency 1944-52, Iranian Communists 1945-46, Philippine Huk War 1946-54, Madagascar Revolt 1947-49, Korean Partisan War 1948-53, Malayan Emergency 1948-60, Kenyan Mau-Maus 1952-55, and Sarawak/Sabah 1960-66, to name a few.
		Modern guerillas need money, weapons, ammunition, etc. If this comes from an outside source, it can be interdicted (or that outside source attacked).
	www.talkaboutpeople.com /group/alt.fan.dune/messages/94700.html (875 words)

	Sun.Star Pampanga - Malig: Demise of an Outstanding Kapampangan
		KAPAMPANGAN leaders have felt a sense of loss with the passing away on May 4 of 91-year-old former Huk supreme leader Luis Taruc, who was honored as the Most Outstanding Kapampangan for Social Justice in 2001.
		At the height of rebellion, Hukbalahap was able to reach a fighting strength of 10,000 to 15,000 that harassed the some 40,000 government soldiers.
		The Huks became serious threat to the new Philippine Republic.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/pam/2005/05/10/oped/jun.a..malig.html (708 words)

	Re: Da Vinci's Ornithopter
		What we -- and the Soviets in > Afghanistan -- learned is that it is very difficult to defeat a guerilla > force when that force has an untouchable source of supplies and materiel > (the Soviet Union in the case of Vietnam and the United States in the case > of Afghanistan).
		Of course, if you leave the guerillas' supply source > untouched, you will probably lose (if Vietnam and Soviet Afghanistan is any > example.
		I wasn't saying guerilla's can't be beaten, it's just very costly.
	www.talkaboutpeople.com /group/alt.fan.dune/messages/94714.html (969 words)

	Brief History
		With the surrender, Filipinos took to the hills and waged a guerilla war for four years.
		The Huk rebellion continued to gather momentum in 1949 and 1950.
		In the presidential elections, held on 10 November 1953, former Defense Minister Ramon Magsaysay won a decisive victory over the incumbent Quirino, and because of his vigorous conduct of the campaign against the Huks, the back of the rebellion was broken, although it was not entirely suppressed.
	www.filipinomissions.org /brief_history.htm (1696 words)

	Miscellaneous - Valor Awardees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Captain Villamor was able to able to slip past the Japanese navy in 1942 and subsequently establish a chain of direct communication from the Philippines.
		Captain Villamor performed various tasks including coordinating guerilla movement activities, developing an organization for subversive propaganda and resistance efforts against the Japanese and acting as a “Clearing House” for USAFFE information vital to the strategy for the liberation of the Philippines.
		The operation resulted in the killing of 22 huks including Ty and the capture of 8 colors contributing to the gains against the Huk movement.
	www.army.mil.ph /miscellaneous/valor_awardees.html (1257 words)

	[No title]
		He was inducted into the United States Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) in September 1941 and the outbreak of World War II, he was Commanding Officer of the 3rd Batallion, 74th Regiment 71st Division in Negros.
		He organized and led the famous 72nd Division (Guerilla) of the 7th Military District in Negros and Neighboring islands in 1942 till 1945 during the liberation of the Philippines.
		At the height of the Huk campaign, he commanded the Bataan-Zambales sector of the 1st Military Area, January 1952; took command of the 1st Scout Ranger Regiment in February 1954; and the 1st Infantry Division, Philippine Army in March 1962.
	www.dnd.gov.ph /DNDWEBPAGE_files/snds/mata.html (527 words)

	Political Animal: Comment on Insurgency Update
		Residual elements of the Huk rebellion were part of the core of what became the New People's Army just about ten years after their supposed defeat.
		Are the guerillas responding to peasant outrage caused by external oppression; or, rather, are they provocateurs stirring up trouble in an originally peaceful situation.
		For the success or failure of the guerilla movement depends on whether the Iraqi's conclude the solution their problem is to get rid of the Americans or to get rid of the guerillas.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=5184 (7666 words)

	Philippine Air Force History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		President Roxas therefore engineered the passage of a resolution to unseat these oppositionists, led by erstwhile anti-Japanese guerilla leader Luis Taruc, on the grounds that they had won the election through fraud and terrorism.
		While these sorties would contribute to the eventual success of the military effort against the Huks, they would also sow the seeds of an internal orientation that would cost the PAF dearly in the years to come.
		The country would be trapped in this mindset in dealing with the subsequent Muslim uprising led by Hadji Kamlon, another former anti-Japanese guerilla leader, who resented, among others, the grant of Mindanao land to Huk surrenderees and enterprising Christians.
	www.paf.mil.ph /history/history07.html (692 words)

	Hukbalahap - Wikipedia Light! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Hukbalahap started off as several groups of resistance against the Japanese imperial army that occupied the Philippines after the defeat of the American-Filipino military in the early days of World War II.
		The "Huk" resistance to the new Philippine government formed in 1946 was eventually defeated in 1954 with American help.
		This World War II article is a stub.
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php?title=Huk (353 words)

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