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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Human Development Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of living for countries worldwide.
		It is used to determine and indicate whether a country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life.
		The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and has been used since 1993 by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual Human Development Report.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Human-Development-Index (2253 words)

	«Beyond Economic Growth» Chapter XV
		Note that the development diamonds for China and Ethiopia, and Russia and Turkey were constructed using indexes based on average indicators for two different groups of countries- low-income and lower-middle-income (see Figure 15.1).
		The advantage of the human development index relative to the development diamond method is that it allows countries to be ranked in order of their achievements in human development.
		The disadvantage of the human development index is that it does not allow us to judge the relative importance of its different components or to understand why a country's index changes over time- whether, for example, it happens because of a change in GNP per capita or because of a change in adult literacy.
	www.worldbank.org /depweb/beyond/global/chapter15.html (741 words)

	Human Discord: Need To Build Happiness Index - Global Policy Forum - Social and Economic Policy
		More capable human beings are less in tune with their inner self as well as have less opportunities to express themselves socially in a harmonious manner.
		Thus, UNDP developed the Human Development Index based on the three criteria of income, education and health.
		Until we do that, replacement of incomes by capabilities as a measure of human development will only be jumping from the frying pan into the fire.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/develop/happy.htm (1298 words)

	The Statesman : Features : The Human Development Index - Going beyond income
		The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
		The Gender-related Development Index, introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities in achievement between women and men.
		The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country"s GDI relative to its HDI.
	www.thestatesmanonline.com /pages/news_detail.php?newsid=1363§ion=7 (699 words)

	H - Glossary - ADB.org
		The HDI is not a substitute for the fuller treatment of the richness of the concerns of the human development perspective.
		The HPI-1 (Human Poverty Index for developing countries) measures deprivations in the same three aspects of human development as the HDI (longevity, life expectancy, and a decent standard of living).
		HPI-1 (developing countries): deprivations in longevity are measured by the percentage of newborns not expected to survive to age 40.
	www.adb.org /Statistics/Poverty/H.asp (1007 words)

	"What India really lacks is a human development index"
		Developed countries are facing a fall in their population because their fertility rates have reached replacement level, one mother is replaced by one daughter.
		Developed countries are doing exactly the opposite of what developing countries do by encouraging advanced medical sciences to improve the fertility levels amongcouples, encouraging early marriages to increase the number of child-bearing years and supplying improved medicines to stimulate the reproductive process.
		All the fruits of development would be lost, as a rise in population results in lowered per capita needs of the population and reduced growth benefits per head.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/20000907/ffe05091.html (1474 words)

	RAND \| RAND Pardee Center \| 50 Books \| Human Development
		The term “human development” has come to mean “an expansion of human capabilities, a widening of choices, an enhancement of freedoms and a fulfillment of human rights.” It was not always thus.
		The primary metric used for measuring human development in the HDRs is the Human Development Index (HDI) – a metric that combines measures of life expectancy, education, and income by country.
		Although the HDI has become the primary metric in measuring human development, the HDRs also contain dozens of other measures by country that are related to expanded capabilities, widening choices and enhanced freedoms and human rights.
	www.rand.org /pardee/50books/human_development.html (1182 words)

	What is Human Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		At all levels of development the three essential capabilities for human development are for people to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable and to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living.
		Individual and collective well-being are intertwined, and human development requires strong social cohesion and equitable distribution of the benefits of progress to avoid tension between the two.
		Human development is not a concept separate from sustainable development—but it can help to rescue "sustainable development" from the misconception that it involves only the environmental dimension of development.
	gd.tuwien.ac.at /soc/undp/hd.htm (1023 words)

	IRIN Middle East \| Asia \| Iran \| IRAN-IRAN: Tehran makes progress in some aspects of human development - UNDP report \| ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The HDI measures the average progress of a country in human development, focusing on three measurable aspects: living a long and healthy life, being educated and having a decent standard of living.
		The message of the human development report is that human rights is an inseparable part of moving towards sustainable human development and cannot be achieved without it," Yuxue Xue, UNDP deputy resident representative in Tehran, told IRIN.
		The gender-related development index (GDI) measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but highlights inequalities in achievement between women and men.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=42217&SelectRegion=Central_Asia&SelectCountry=IRAN (925 words)

	Human Development Index - Top 30 Countries with high human development
		Human development is about much more than the rise or fall of national incomes.
		The most basic capabilities for human development are to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community.
		The Index, published annually by the UN, is a summary measure of human development.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/human_development.htm (469 words)

	rediff.com: India ranks 124th on Human Development Index
		The United Nations Development Programme commissioned Human Development Report 2002 released in New Delhi shows that the country's Human Development Index value has gone up from 0.571 in last year's report to 0.577 this year.
		Chairman of National Human Rights Commission J S Verma, who released the report, said development was a human rights issue.
		The central message of the report is that democracy needs to be widened and for people to have a real voice to influence decisions that shape their lives and the power to hold decision makers accountable not only during elections but also in the period between the elections.
	www.rediff.com /money/2002/jul/24hdi.htm (562 words)

	UNRISD: Publications \| Development Data Constraints and the Human Development Index
		The publication of the UNDP Human Development Report 1990 (HDR) has aroused widespread interest among researchers, policy makers, the international development community and the general public on the use of social indicators to measure national performance with regard to human welfare and development.
		The human development index, which combines indicators of income, life expectancy and education into a single dimension, has been challenged by many on statistical grounds.
		Nonetheless, the index is to be recomputed and published annually.
	www.unrisd.org /UNRISD/website/document.nsf/(httpPublications)/C1CA9D172A23FB6880256B67005B6239?OpenDocument (486 words)

	2000 Human Development Index
		According to the 2000 Human Development Index (HDI), which is based on health, education and the standard of living, Slovenia is ranked 28th among the UN's 174 members which compile the Human Development Report (HDR).
		The HDR index in Slovenia is gradually improving, which reveals a sustained and positive development trend.
		The Human Development Report is sponsored by the UN Development Programme, and has been compiled in Slovenia for the third time in a row by the Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development (IMAD).
	www.sigov.si /uvi/eng/slovenia/background-information/human-development-2000/index.text.html (579 words)

	A Dollar a Day :: Measuring Poverty II
		The United Nation’s Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the most common measures of a country’s progress, making it an often-used indicator of poverty.
		The HDI was developed by Indian economist Amartya Sen in conjunction with Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, in order to create a better measure of living standard than the traditional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita measures.
		The HPI-1 uses the probability of not surviving to the age of 40, the adult illiteracy rate, an average of the percentage of the population without clean water, and the percentage of babies born underweight to calculate the final Index, a percent value (such 41.5% for Angola), the closer to 0%, the better.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/00282/over_measure2.htm (652 words)

	Canada's Human Development Index for 2004 - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the human development index (HDI) that looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of well-being.
		The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrollment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
		The HDI measures average achievements in a country, but it does not incorporate the degree of gender imbalance in these achievements.The gender-related development index (GDI), introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities in achievement between women and men.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Canada's_Human_Development_Index_for_2004 (2718 words)

	Situation Reports: Afghanistan, Afghanistan National Human Development Report 2004 (Summary) - Security with a human ...
		For Afghans, human security is not only the ability to survive, but also the chance to live a life of dignity and have adequate livelihoods.
		The human security challenge in Afghanistan today is for a devolution of power to take place at the same time that power is consolidated at the centre.
		Chapter 6 builds on the national development strategies as they have been designed in the past two years to make recommendations on what type of economic growth and development vision are needed for a "humanly secure" Afghanistan.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/MHII-69V9JS?OpenDocument (1806 words)

	Human Development Index - Encyclopedia of Earth
		The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of human development that is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
		The HDI is the signature trademark of the Human Development Report (HDR), an independent report commissioned by the UNDP that is written by a team of scholars, development practitioners and members of the Human Development Report Office of UNDP.
		The first Human Development Report (HDR) was published in 1990, under the leadership of Pakistani economist and finance minister Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel Laureate for Economics Amartya Sen.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Human_Development_Index (606 words)

	NSCB - Human Development Index - 2000 Philippine Human Development Index Report
		The country’s state of human development improved in 2000 as human development index stood at 0.656, or 0.027 points higher than the 1997 computed index.of 0.629.
		Among the ten lagging provinces, Tawi-Tawi and Basilan experienced a worsening of their state of human development in 2000 as Tawi-Tawi’s HDI declined by 9.3 percent from its index in 1997 and Basilan, by 3.3 percent.
		Note: The number of provinces in 1997 and 2000 was 77 due to the splitting of the province of Kalinga-Apayao into Kalinga and Apayao in 1997.
	www.nscb.gov.ph /hdi/hdi2000.asp (243 words)

	The Globalist \| Global Development -- Human Development Index — Key Findings
		Enter the Human Development Index, one of the broadest measures of how any country — and its citizens — are doing.
		Some 55 countries are considered to have “high” human development, while 86 have “medium” human development — and 36 have “low” human development.
		Cuba (52) is considered to have high human development.
	www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=4135 (550 words)

	Brazil - Brasil - BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - Human Development Index and Inequality - Brazilian People - October 2003
		From 1991 to 2000, 99.87 percent of all Brazilian cities enhanced their MHDI (an index that measures factors such as education, life expectancy and income) while the number of municipalities classified as having Low Development fell from 995 to 23.
		This and the information that follows were disclosed in the just-released study called "New Atlas of Human Development of Brazil," a partnership effort between the Brazilian government's Ipea (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada—Institute for Applied Economic Research), the João Pinheiro Foundation and the UNDP (United Nations Development Program).
		The HDI for fls improved in a faster pace than the index for whites, but this has to do with the fact that fls were well behind and continue there.
	www.brazzil.com /2003/html/news/articles/oct03/p104oct03.htm (945 words)

	Human Development Index
		The UN Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, childbirth, and other factors for countries worldwide.
		An HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent low development and 30 of the 32 countries in that category are located in Africa, with the exceptions of Haiti and Yemen.
		Other countries that exhibit high human development amidst countries with lower HDIs include (with their position) Costa Rica (47th), Cuba (52nd), Mexico (53rd) and Panama (56th).
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DHDI%26type%3Den (747 words)

	Tutor2u - human poverty and development index
		The Human Development Index (HDI) is an alternative measure of a country's economic standard of living that has been developed under the United Nations Development Programme.
		The HDI is constructed as an aggregate index of three components: education, income, and life expectancy at birth and scaled to lie within a 0 to 1 interval.
		For industrialised economies, the index includes the % of people not expected to survive to age 60.
	www.tutor2u.net /economics/content/topics/livingstandards/human_pov_devel.htm (831 words)

	United Nations Capital Development Fund
		Almost all of the “low human development” countries at the bottom of the Index are in sub-Saharan Africa: 30 out of a total of 34 [2].
		In sub-Saharan Africa, the devastation of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is responsible for the lower indicators in the 2003 Human Development Index.
		The gender-related development index (GDI) adjusts the HDI for the inequalities in the achievements of men and women.
	www.uncdf.org /english/news_and_events/archive/lauzon-statement_08july-03eng.php (3289 words)

	Human Development Index
		The 9th annual Human Development Report which has surfaced this week paints some of the reality but seems to have missed the headlines.
		Even in the developed countries the percentage of those who are defined by the report as poor can rise as high as 17.
		Here, in the developping countries, we learn that 60% lack basic sanitation, 33% have no drinking water, 25% have inadequate housing and 20% have no health service.
	www.ecn.org /communitas/en/en117.html (372 words)

	The Hindu : New Delhi News : India one notch up in Human Development Index
		The HPI-1 focuses on the proportion of people below a threshold level in the same dimensions of human development as the human development index — living a long and healthy life, having access to education and a decent standard of living.
		It provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development which include living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, income).
		The index, however, is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development, says the UNDP.
	www.hindu.com /2006/11/11/stories/2006111112950400.htm (470 words)

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