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Topic: Human genetic engineering

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	Human Genetic Engineering
		If the genetic defect is detected in an early embryo, it's possible to add the gene at this stage, allowing the normal gene to be present in all tissues including reproductive tissues.
		The primary use for human genetic engineering concerns the curing of genetic disease.
		The principle of the sanctity of human life demands that a new innocent life not be killed for any reason apart from saving the life of the mother.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/probe/docs/humgeneng.html (2568 words)

	Genetic Engineering
		Genetic engineering, or the deliberate alteration of an organism's genes by human intervention, has become one of the largest issues in the field of genetics.
		In fact, "...genetic engineering has the potential to conquer cancer, grow new blood vessels in the heart, block the growth of blood vessels in tumors, create new organs from stem cells, and perhaps even reset the primeval genetic coding that causes cells to age" (Isaacson, 42).
		Without a doubt, genetic engineering would cause part of the population to be biologically advanced, while the other part of the population would remain biologically "inferior." It is this division where biologically created humans would be set apart from their engineered "superiors" in school, work, and society.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/gn301/Supplements/GeneticEngineering.html (2686 words)

	The Human Cloning Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In human cloning, DNA is copied to create someone who is an exact twin of an existing person, and consequently not a monster or a freak.
		Dr. Vere continues that human genetic engineering would involve the modification of human DNA to create a person who may be unlike any person who previously existed.
		Human genetic engineering, while having vast positive potential, is indeed a very risky undertaking and should be conducted only with the greatest circumspection and oversight.
	www.humancloning.org /essays/jasonk.htm (1104 words)

	WILD DUCK REVIEW - Human Genetic Engineering, with Richard Hayes
		Rich is director of Genetic Crossroads, an activist organization primarily critiquing human germline engineering and cloning technologies; and is a member of the human genetics committee of the Council for Responsible Genetics.
		Germline genetic manipulation changes the sex cells—that is, the sperm and egg, or "germ" cells—whose sole function is to pass a set of genes to the next generation.
		Germline genetic engineering is the single most portentous technological threshold in history, and we'll need a new social movement of commensurate scope and scale to prevent ourselves from slipping, or being pushed, over it.
	www.wildduckreview.com /interviews/hayes.html (4891 words)

	Human Genetics Alert - The Threat of Human Genetic Engineering
		Currently, genetic engineering is only applied to non-reproductive cells (this is known as 'gene therapy') in order to treat diseases in a single patient, rather than in all their descendants.
		Experience with genetically engineered crops, for example, shows that we are unlikely ever to arrive at a situation when we can be sure that the risks are zero.
		The main advantage of HGE is said to be the elimination of disease genes from a family.
	www.hgalert.org /topics/hge/threat.htm (1579 words)

	ISTPP: Genetic Engineering: A Cautionary Approach
		Genetic engineering, or "recombinant DNA technology", is a radical new technology for transplanting genetic characteristics of one species into another.
		The biotech industry's rationale for the genetic engineering of humans is the predisposition of human beings (or of a specific sub-population) to certain diseases.
		John Fagan, internationally recognized molecular biologist and former genetic engineer states, "We are living today in a very delicate time, one that is reminiscent of the birth of the nuclear era, when mankind stood at the threshold of a new technology.
	www.istpp.org /genetic_engineering.html (2215 words)

	Islamset - Seminar on "Genetics, Genetic Engineering, The Human Genes and Genetic Treatment - An Islamic Perspective": ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Seminar also recommends that genetic engineering must not be adopted as a means for changing the human genetic constitution, in what is called the improvement of the human breed, or in genetically tampering with the human personality or interfere in man's competence or individual responsibility.
		Genetic counselling is aimed at providing accurate knowledge, predictions, and statistical probabilities, while the decis on is left entirely to those concerned and between them and the treating physician, witho t any attempt to influence events one way or another.
		Health authorities are called upon to increase the number of human genetics units to provide specialist physicians to give genetic counselling and widen the range of health services provided to pregnant women in the field of diagnostic and treatment genetics with the aim of improving the health of childbearing.
	www.islamset.com /bioethics/genetics/main.html (1992 words)

	Missouri to vote on ban on human genetic engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The meaning of human being, person, parent, child, sibling, and family, both in the law and in social relationships, may be profoundly and permanently disturbed by advances in technology that may replace sexual reproduction with laboratory engineering of human beings with gestation in controlled environments.
		Because scientific advances relevant to human engineering are occurring at a remarkable rate, public discussion of these complex issues cannot lead to a consensus in a time frame sufficient to establish voluntary rules of compliance that adequately protect the society.
		Human lives and human genetic material are not necessary to the development of the general techniques of genetic engineering.
	ieet.org /index.php/IEET/more/499 (1831 words)

	Human Genetic Engineering and Fetal Tissue Use Statements (Proposed)
		We ask that the Church of the Brethren position on human genetic engineering as stated by Annual Conference of 1987 be updated.
		In 1987 when the document "Guidance in Relation to Genetic Engineering" was adopted by Annual Conference, the field of genetic engineering appeared to be poised on the threshold of an era that promised to enhance the quality of life for many people.
		There was much hope and anticipation as scientists prepared to use genetic engineering to correct human hereditary diseases, and to insert genes into bacteria in order to produce such human substances as insulin and growth hormone.
	www.brethren.org /ac/ac_statements/97GeneticEngineering.htm (3272 words)

	Human Genetic Engineering
		Human genetic engineering is a hot topic in the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. government.
		There are many arguments against human genetic engineering, including the established safety issues, the loss of identity and individuality, and human diversity.
		Human genetic engineering leads to man usurping God as the almighty creator and designer of life.
	www.allaboutpopularissues.org /human-genetic-engineering.htm (428 words)

	U.S. Constitution provides framework for debate on human genetic engineering
		Though genetic engineering of human beings may seem the stuff of science fiction, researchers have already created human artificial chromosomes to produce transgenic animals and to administer gene therapy to living humans.
		Nevertheless, the public policy debate about genetic engineering of humans is likely to intensify over the next 10 years, Berry predicted, expanding from familiar public policy questions of medical risk and benefit to enter the realm of novelty.
		Some people will argue that genetic engineering falls within the realm of protected reproductive liberties, while others will claim that future children have the right to not be subjected to the risks of genetic engineering procedures gone wrong, or be subject to parental control over their features.
	gtresearchnews.gatech.edu /newsrelease/constitution.htm (1024 words)

	Human genetic engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human genetic engineering is still in its infancy, however, with current research generally restricted to animals or gene therapy.
		The distinguishing characteristic of somatic engineering is that it is non-inheritable, e.g.
		The metaphysical (or "spiritual") implications of genetically engineered humans are vast in scope; e.g., were individual personality shown to be exclusively the result of genetic information acted upon by the environment, the concepts of the human soul and free will could be proven specious.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_genetic_engineering (2272 words)

	Genetic Engineering and the Future of Human Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Genetic Engineering is a controversial and complex subject, fraught with ethical and moral debates, full of intriguing science and medicine.
		The human body is a remarkable piece of engineering and we have incredible capacity to make changes to ourselves: to become stronger, to develop skills in new areas, to learn new things.
		The application of genetic engineering for adapting the human form is purely speculative at this juncture, but the implications are far-reaching.
	www.human-evolution.org /genetic.php (714 words)

	Reason Magazine - Bioengineering Made Simple
		So skeptics of genetic engineering argue that such a vast array of complicated interactions may well preclude safe and effective engineering in human beings for such multifactorial genetic illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and for beneficial traits like high intelligence.
		Such genetic engineering may not be as complicated as it sounds, since constellations of genes apparently sort themselves into specific sets, called haplotypes.
		Human genetic engineering is still a long way off, but as British chemist Michael Faraday once declared, "Nothing is too wonderful to be true, if it be consistent with the laws of nature."
	www.reason.com /news/show/34838.html (713 words)

	The Politics of Genetically Engineered Humans, by Richard Hayes
		Advocates of germline engineering were further encouraged by the social, cultural and political conditions of the late 1990's, a period characterized by technological enthusiasm, distrust of government regulation, the spread of consumerist/competitive/libertarian values, and the perceived weakening ability of national governments to enforce laws and treaties, as a result of globalization.
		Advocacy of germline engineering moved to the status of an openly acknowledged political cause in March of 1998, when Gregory Stock, Director of the Program on Medicine, Technology and Society at UCLA (the University of California at Los Angeles), organized the symposium "Engineering the Human Germline." All the speakers were avid proponents of germline engineering.
		Advocacy of germline engineering and the new "techno-eugenics" (i.e., technologically enabled human genetic manipulation and selection) is an integral element of a newly emerging socio-political ideology.
	www.ratical.org /co-globalize/PoGEH.html (3276 words)

	Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering
		Genetic Manipulation, the current state of the art in genetic engineering.
		Genetic Manipulations are becoming common as a means of genetic engineering.
		The genetic code itself is probably random, and there are rare occurences of non-standard genetic codes still found on earth, such as in the DNA of some cellular organelles and certain bacteria.
	www.biofact.com /cloning (1767 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Ethics of Human Genetic Engineering - A514612
		Due to a regime that was more intent on perfecting what it saw to be as the ultimate in human evolution, the potential to improve humanity was destroyed by a victorious alliance of governments who saw only the horror of what had happened.
		A slight alteration in someone's genetic structure might change nothing, but to someone who would otherwise develop Alzheimer's, it can be the difference between a productive life and a long struggle.
		If the benefit of genetic engineering includes that, at the cost of a little of humanity's freedom of choice, then that might not be such a bad idea.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A514612 (768 words)

	Important New Book Published on Human Genetic Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Human Genetic Engineering includes explanations of both the science and politics of stem cell research and cloning, the failures of gene therapy, a comparison of rhetoric from proponents and detractors of the science, and much more.
		The book also includes a brief history of eugenics, showing how it is relevant today, descriptions of the main players promoting and opposing human genetic engineering, and crucially, an overview of the lack of effective regulation in the United States.
		It is being made available in an effort to advance the understanding of scientific, environmental, economic, social justice and human rights issues etc. It is believed that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.organicconsumers.org /patent/shanks051905.cfm (486 words)

	Genetic Engineering Food - Ethics and Debate
		Genetic engineering is the selective manipulation of an organism's genetic material (the building blocks of heredity) by technological intervention.
		Genetic engineering is the selective manipulation of an organism's genes by technological intervention.
		Genetically modified (GM) plants and animals have only been available for a few years, but already they are becoming key elements of the food supply.
	socialissues.wiseto.com /Topics/GeneticEngineering (567 words)

	Ambrosia Software Web Board > In support of human genetic engineering
		Genetic engineering isn't going to make everyone an Einstein with superhuman strength, much less make them be born that way.
		The soviet communists shunned and suppressed genetic research because it posed a danger to their ideological convictions that all people were born equal and molded by their surroundings alone, just as many modern liberals oppose intelligence tests and racial/societal correlations thereof.
		Congress' rush to ban genetic engineering and cloning is misguided and paranoid.
	www.ambrosiasw.com /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t40324.html (3091 words)

	00.03.07: Human Cloning, Genetic Engineering and Privacy
		When news of a genetically engineered mouse with Down Syndrome (who died some time later) and the cloned sheep, Dolly hit the media, many wondered how these things were possible.
		A human being is more than just his or her genes and a clone is more than just a copy of his or her donor.
		It is virtually impossible to escape your genetic profile in the workplace, in seeking health care or insurance coverage, in schools and through bills passed by legislators to test a variety of groups, namely prisoners, welfare recipients immigrants and others who are powerless to stop it.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/2000/3/00.03.07.x.html (7406 words)

	Genetic Engineering (Biotechnology) (Index)
		During the past decade, biotechnology companies commercialized the first generation of genetically engineered crops—primarily corn, soybeans, and cotton altered to control insects and weeds.
		Other engineered plants, animals, and microbes are farther down the research pipeline but few are poised for introduction in the near future.
		Engineered fish may substantially alter native ecosystems, perhaps even driving wild populations to extinction.
	www.ucsusa.org /food_and_environment/genetic_engineering (408 words)

	Genetic Engineering - Human Cloning
		The incredible storage capability of the human brain which weighs on the average 3.25 lbs in human males and 2.9 lbs in human females is incredible.
		Headless human clones will be used to grow organs and tissues for transplant surgery in the next 5-10 years, a leading authority on the ethics of human cloning predicted Sunday.
		By a profound principle of genetic science, discovered only recently, the blood line, or type, is determined through the male, or father, and thus the blood of Christ was technically, and truly, not tainted by the curse of Adam as it is in the rest of humanity, since Jesus did not have an earthly father.
	nwo-warning.tripod.com /genetic-experimentation1.html (18561 words)

	Enhancing humanity? - human genetic engineering, ethical aspects Christian Century - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Two leaders of the genome project, J. Craig Venter and Francis Collins, both warned against the notion that human choices are "hard wired into DNA and [that] free will goes out of the window." Among the human choices, of course, has been the decision of scientists, politicians and corporations to invest in the genome project.
		It was premised on the assumption that genetic science concerns the relations of a remote human past to a remote human future, and thus requires a long public dialogue.
		By contrast, amniocentesis (prenatal investigation of the baby) is forbidden by law in light of the danger that in China, with its one-child-per-family policy and a male-child cultural preference, the balance between men and women could be radically skewed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_8_118/ai_72094696 (864 words)

	Amazon.com: Human Genetic Engineering: A Guide for Activists, Skeptics, and the Very Perplexed: Books: Pete Shanks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Shanks, a grassroots political activist, offers a primer not just on the modification of the human genome, but on all fronts of the biotechnology debate, from cloning to stem cells, gene therapy and the genetic engineering of food.
		Pete Shanks has written a terrific introduction to human genetic engineering and the fraught issues it raises.
		This is a great primer and source-book on just about everything connected with human genetic engineering -- cloning, stem cells, the fertility industry, gene therapy (and how it hasn't worked), and even the history of eugenics.
	www.amazon.com /Human-Genetic-Engineering-Activists-Perplexed/dp/1560256958 (1034 words)

	Center for Genetics and Society
		California has become the first U.S. state to legislate a set of standards and safeguards for procuring women's eggs for cloning and stem cell research.
		CGS's Emily Galpern spoke at two events on women and human biotechnology organized by South Korean feminists in September.
		Australia is debating the legality of cloning for stem cell research, and the dialogue is remarkably open and less exaggerated.
	www.genetics-and-society.org /index.asp?i=hge (237 words)

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