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Topic: Human ear

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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

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	Earwax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cerumen is produced in the outer third of the cartilaginous portion of the human ear canal.
		Cells formed in the centre of the tympanic membrane migrate outwards from the umbo (at a rate equivalent to that of fingernail growth) to the walls of the ear canal, and accelerate towards the entrance of the ear canal.
		The cleaning of ears is thus considered an act of intimacy, often performed by a mother to a child, or among adults, by one's lover.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ear_wax (1263 words)

	Sensitivity of Human Ear
		In addition to its remarkable sensitivity, the human ear is capable of responding to the widest range of stimuli of any of the senses.
		The extremely small size of the cochlea and the extremely high resolution of human pitch perception cast doubt on the sufficiency of the place theory to completely account for the human ear's pitch resolution.
		The structures of the outer and middle ear contribute to both the remarkable sensitivity and the wide dynamic range of human hearing.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/earsens.html (513 words)

	Transmission of sound by air conduction (from human ear) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The auricle, the visible portion of the outer ear, collects sound waves and, with the concha, the cavity at the entrance to the external auditory canal, helps to funnel sound into the canal.
		The vibrations, by compressing the bony case of the inner ear, stimulate the sensory cells that are involved in perceiving sound waves in the air.
		A purely subjective definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear, but it is not particularly illuminating and is unduly restrictive, for it is useful to speak of sounds that cannot be heard by the human ear, such as those that are...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-65046?tocId=65046 (866 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ear
		The auricle is the curved part of the ear attached to the side of the head by small ligaments and muscles.
		It is the vibration of the eardrum that sends sound waves deeper into the ear, where they can be processed by complex organs and prepared for transmission to the brain.
		The middle ear is a narrow, air-filled chamber that extends vertically for about 15 mm (about 0.6 in) and for nearly the same distance horizontally.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761563171 (677 words)

	The Human Ear: Masterpiece of Engineering - Universal Unity
		Human ears are not much to look at, yet behind these flaps of skin and cartilage lie structures of such delicacy that they shame the most skillful craftsman, and of such reliable automatic operation that they inspire awe in the most ingenious engineer.
		The middle ear is an air filled cavity with the eardrum on one side and piece of stretched skin known as the oval window on the other side, leading to the inner ear, which contains the organs of hearing and the organ of balance.
		The inner ear is a coiled tube divided in two by a thin tough sheet of tissue called the basdar membrane which when examined under the microscope is seen to carry millions of fibers called hair cells.
	www.universalunity.net /ear.htm (1459 words)

	The Human Ear
		It is not until the sound reaches the eardrum at the interface of the outer and the middle ear that the energy of the mechanical wave becomes converted into vibrations of the inner bone structure of the ear.
		The stirrup is connected to the inner ear; and thus the vibrations of the stirrup are transmitted to the fluid of the middle ear and create a compression wave within the fluid.
		The inner ear consists of a cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/sound/u11l2d.html (910 words)

	Auditory System
		The human ear is made of of three distinct areas: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
		Nerve impulses are transmitted from the ear to the brain via the auditory nerves, one of the several sensory nerves that exists in the group of nerves known as cranial nerves.
		The auditory nerves connect the nerve impulses of the ears to the upper "temporal lobe" of the "cerebral cortex".
	www.hitl.washington.edu /scivw/EVE/III.A.2.Auditory.html (1861 words)

	2.972 How The Human Ear Works
		Humans, while not able to echolocate, make use of minute differences in the time of arrival of a sound in one ear as compared to the other in order to gauge its direction, as we will see.
		The inner ear refers to the cochlea which is a helically shaped bony structure that resembles a snail in appearance.
		The last of the middle ear bones, the stapes, acts like a piston, and pushes on the fluid in the first channel, the scala vestibuli, through an opening in the base of the cochlea called the oval window, setting up a pressure wave.
	web.mit.edu /2.972/www/reports/ear/ear.html (3082 words)

	Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary: Research in Otolaryngology
		Immune-mediated ear disease is a family of conditions in which the immune system seems to attack or otherwise damage the inner ear, resulting in rapidly progressive hearing loss and occasional balance problems.
		Elephants have large ears that are sensitive to the very low-frequency sounds they use to communicate over long distances, while bats have minute middle ear structures that are sensitive to the high frequencies used in their echo-locating sonar.
		We extract the neurotransmitter from sensory cells in the ear and detect its presence in the extract with a bioassay that normally responds to the neurotransmitter released from the sensory cells.
	www.meei.harvard.edu /research/otoproj.php (10406 words)

	AllRefer.com - ear (Anatomy And Physiology) - Encyclopedia
		The outer ear is the visible portion; it includes the skin-covered flap of cartilage known as the auricle, or pinna, and the opening (auditory canal) leading to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
		Air reaches the middle ear through the Eustachian tube, or auditory tube, which connects it to the throat.
		The inner ear, or labyrinth, contains the cochlea, which houses the sound-analyzing cells of the ear, and the vestibule, which houses the organs of equilibrium.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/ear.html (295 words)

	Jiskha Homework Help - Science: Biology: Human Ear
		The external ear consists of the outer portion of the ear that is visible on the side of the head, called the pinna, and the ear canal that leads to the tympanic membrane, also known as the ear drum.
		The middle ear is that part of the ear between the external and the inner ear.
		The hearing portion of the inner ear is the cochlea, a snail shaped structure that is connected to the stapes.
	www.jiskha.com /science/biology/human_ear.html (816 words)

	Anatomy and physiology of the human ear
		The middle ear transforms the acoustical vibration of the sound wave into mechanical vibration and passes it onto the inner ear.
		The three tiny bones of the middle ear act as a lever to bridge the eardrum with the oval window.
		Our ears, so often taken for granted, thus are a marvel of intricacy and design that leaves anything that man can produce in the shade as a cheap imitation.
	nh.essortment.com /anatomyhumanea_rauq.htm (523 words)

	Ear Anatomy Diagram - EnchantedLearning.com
		Sound is collected by the pinna (the visible part of the ear) and directed through the outer ear canal.
		The vibration is transferred to the snail-shaped cochlea in the inner ear; the cochlea is lined with sensitive hairs which trigger the generation of nerve signals that are sent to the brain.
		When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/anatomy/ear (392 words)

	SQUARE ONE : The Human Ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sound waves approaching the ear enter either directly or are reflected by the pinnae down the meatus and are conducted to the cochlea by the three auditory ossicles (i.e.: the malleus, the incus and the stapes).
		The difference in pressure between the sound wave striking the outer surface of the eardrum and normal atmospheric pressure on the inside of the eardrum causes the eardrum to vibrate.
		Given the way the ear is constructed, it is not sensitive to this constant pressure only the smaller fluctuations.
	www.squ1.com /sound/the-ear.html (647 words)

	human ear -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The human ear, like that of other mammals, contains sense organs that serve two quite different functions: that of hearing and that of postural equilibrium and coordination…
		The most striking differences between the human ear and the ears of other mammals are in the structure of the outermost part, the auricle ().
		In humans the auricle is an almost rudimentary, usually immobile shell that lies close to the side of the head.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9109529 (729 words)

	Lesson 5: Anatomy of the Human Ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Unit 6 begins exploring problems related to hearing in lesson 5, "Anatomy of the Human Ear." This lesson is an introduction to the basic anatomy and vocabulary of the ear.
		Handouts, line drawings of the ear, and glossaries are provided for students to use in learning the anatomy.
		After this lesson, students should know the structures of the ear, be able to locate them, and explain their basic function.
	teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu /pa/pa06/0605.htm (179 words)

	Lecture: The Ear
		For seen from a human point of view man's life between birth and death — interwoven as it is with the physical world of sense — may be held in the main to represent this physical world itself.
		We must realise that a human ear, for example, is formed and created out of the supersensible world; and only after it has thus been formed can it undertake its task as a sense-organ — the task of physically hearing the sounds and notes within the atmosphere, within the sphere of Earth.
		Educate the human being so that he feels the moral element within him as an essential part of his own human individuality, and feels himself crippled when he lacks it — feels that he is not a full human being when he does not possess it.
	wn.rsarchive.org /Lectures/TheEar_index.html (7658 words)

	The Human Ear Sounds Off, Alaska Science Forum
		If your ears ring all the time, you may not be the only one who notices.
		While studying the interference effects of tones that are close in frequency within the inner ear, he placed a microphone in the canal of his right ear.
		The human ear is an effective transducer for converting the mechanical energy of sound waves in the air into the electrical energy involved in nerve impulses, but it is a complete mystery how this process may work the other way around.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF7/766.html (456 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Wonder of the Human Ear
		The ear consists of three main sections: inner, middle and outer.
		The outer ear, (or pinna), is partly a sound-gathering device.
		The outer ear focuses the sound waves into the auditory canal, which ends in the tympanic membrane, or eardrum.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A2451430 (941 words)

	The Human Ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Human Ear Kall, Maureen 8415 Budingen Tinley Park, IL 60477 1-708-821-2048 Objectives 1) The student will develop a better understanding of the human ear.
		Display the model of the human ear and begin to break it down into its various components.
		At the end of the demonstration/explanation of the parts of the ear a tape of common sounds may be played.
	www.iit.edu /~smile/bi8910.html (393 words)

	Forensic Evidence.com: Identification Evidence - Protocol For Ear Identification Research
		There is, however, no empirical data to date that proves the underlying premise: that the ears of a human being are in fact so different and distinguishable that their detail is never duplicated.
		Over the years, suggestions have been made in the occasional literature that the shapes and characteristics of the human ear are widely different and may be in fact sufficiently variant that it is possible to differentiate between the ears of all individuals.
		After study of the data collected, the Research Team will evaluate whether a collection of 10,000 human beings’ ear photographs is a sufficient sampling of the population to arrive at a valid preliminary statistical analysis of the characteristics and variability of the human ear.
	www.forensic-evidence.com /site/ID/ID00004_4.html (1236 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Then she and Vacanti distributed human cartilage cells throughout the form, and implanted the prototype ear on the back of a hairless mouse.
		The mouse remains healthy and alive after the ear is removed, the researchers said.
		Someday, ears and noses will be grown in a test tube using the patient's own cells on a custom-designed scaffold.
	www.pub.umich.edu /daily/1995/10-25-95/news/Mouse-Ear.html (679 words)

	Acoustical Society of America -Development of Human Cochlear Function
		The human inner ear or cochlea is an incredibly intricate and fine-tuned sensory mechanism.
		The cochlea is adult-like in size and the primary sense organ of the ear, the Organ of Corti is generally organized in an adult-like way by the second trimester of pregnancy.
		This is the most recently discovered aspect of inner ear functioning and it underlies a revolutionary concept; the healthy inner ear not only receives sound from the environment, it can produce sound.
	www.acoustics.org /press/135th/abdala.htm (955 words)

	Music and the Human Ear
		For human communication a frequency ratio of 10:1 and a ratio of strongest to weakest signal of 10,000:1 would suffice.
		All of this tells me that the ear evolved primarily for self-defense (or perhaps hunting, as one reader pointed out), and language and enjoyment of music are delightful evolutionary by-products.
		The human ear is most sensitive in a band from about 2,000-5,000 Hz.
	www.silcom.com /~aludwig/EARS.htm (3444 words)

	The Human Ear
		Explain the main parts of the human ear and how they contribute to our hearing.
		The human ear has three main sections, which consist of the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
		The ear canal channels the waves to your eardrum, a thin, sensitive membrane stretched tightly over the entrance to your middle ear.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/HighSchool/Sound/humanear.htm (204 words)

	Mouse Wears Human Ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It might look like the work of a mad scientist but the mouse with a human ear growing out of its back is simply a host.
		It's at the University of Massachusetts where Dr. Charles Vacanti put a mold resembling the shape of a human ear into the back of the mouse.
		Researchers say, after the child's new ear is removed from the mouse, the hairless rodent remains alive and healthy.
	www.kidzworld.com /site/p1219.htm (464 words)

	The Human Ear and Hearing
		Through extensive empirical testing it has been clearly shown that the ear's response to a sound is proportionate, not to the absolute value of a stimulus, but to the ratio of the actual intensity of the sound to the threshold intensity.
		Because of this, and the way the ear works, it is convenient to firstly work with relative measurement scales rather than with absolute measurement scales, and secondly to logarithmically compress them.
		The sound intensity must be factored by the ear's sensitivity to the particular frequencies contained in the sound.
	www.kemt.fei.tuke.sk /Predmety/KEMT320_EA/_web/Online_Course_on_Acoustics/hearing.html (1806 words)

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