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Topic: Human ecosystem

	Ecology Article, Ecology Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The ecosystem is composed of two entities, the entirety of life (called the biocenose) and the medium that life exists in (the biotope).
		Human ecology began in the 1920s, through the study of changes in vegetation succession in the city of Chicago.It became a distinct field of study in the 1970s.
		Humans greatly modify the environment through thedevelopment of the habitat (in particular urban planning), by intensiveexploitation activities such as logging and fishing, and as side effects of agriculture, mining, and industry.
	www.anoca.org /species/ecological/ecology.html (4540 words)

	Documents
		Ecosystem diversity may be assessed by measuring the difference of the component species (relative abundance of different species and types of species).
		Ecosystem diversity reflects the integrity of the natural ecosystem, the preservation of ìenvironmental servicesî or which human communities depend, and the conservation of individual species and their heritable variation.
		The loss or the reduction of regional species when an ecosystem is reduced in size or replaced may be due to feeding requirements, territoriality, breeding requirements or the introduction of foreign species into a stable ecosystem.
	www.cape.ca /resources/documents/Biodiversity.html (2495 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is intended to promote high levels of human and ecosystem wellbeing, demonstrate the practicality and potential of the Wellbeing Assessment method, and encourage countries, communities, and corporations to undertake their own wellbeing assessments.
		Ecosystem Wellbeing Index (EWI) The EWI is an equally broad measure of the state of the environment, with a fuller and more systematic treatment of national environmental conditions than other global indices such as the Ecological Footprint and the Environmental Sustainability Index.
		The WSI is the ratio of human wellbeing to ecosystem stress (the opposite of ecosystem wellbeing).
	www.iucn.org /info_and_news/press/wonback.doc (2117 words)

	Ecosystem Engineers: Organisms that Create, Modify and Maintain Habitats
		Ecosystem engineering can alter the distribution and abundance of large numbers of plants and animals, and significantly modify biodiversity (Jones et al.
		Physical ecosystem engineers are organisms that create, modify or maintain habitats (or microhabitats) by causing physical state changes in biotic and abiotic materials that, directly or indirectly, modulate the availability of resources to other species (Jones et al.
		On the other hand, the term "ecosystem engineering" can be used to describe the activities of a wide variety of organisms whenever they engage in activities that physically create, modify or maintain habitats, even those which are not influential enough to be considered ecosystem engineers, (Wilby 2002).
	www.ecology.info /ecosystem-engineers.htm (2124 words)

	THE FEDERAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
		The contrasting view of ecosystem management is the biocentric view that focuses first on sustaining ecosystems and their biodiversity and only secondarily on the economic benefits to humans derived from sound ecosystems having integrity and resilience (Lackey 1995, Stanley 1995).
		Ecosystem management is to be the foundation for the RMP, and the DOE approach in this case is consistent with the federal ecosystem management initiative.
		In this respect, the importance of integrating human and biophysical dimensions is paramount, and disciplines such as economics, sociology, political science, and the study of institutional arrangements are as important to ecosystem management as are the natural sciences.
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/yucca/malone01.htm (5257 words)

	Urban Ecosystems and Human Health: Centre de recherches pour le développement international
		But since humans are social animals, and since they are not simply creatures of nature but creators of their physical and social environments, the human ecosystem has to be understood as consisting of both physical and social components.
		Human development is thus, in a sense, an expression of the extent to which human beings attain their fullest potential, or the sum of that achievement.
		Improving human health at the expense of ecosystem health(or for that matter, improving the health of one city or community at the expense of another) is in the end pointless, counterproductive and ultimately immoral.
	www.idrc.ca /fr/ev-22828-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (14324 words)

	Biodiversity and Human Health: Benefits of Ecosystem Services
		Ecosystem services operate on such a grand scale and in such intricate and little-explored ways that most could not be replaced by technology.
		Humanity obtains from natural ecosystems an array of ecosystem goods— organisms and their parts and products that grow in the wild and that are used directly for human benefit.
		Human beings have utilized around 7,000 plant species for food over the course of history and another 70,000 plants are known to have edible parts (Wilson 1989).
	www.ecology.org /biod/value/EcosystemServices.html (8460 words)

	Halfbakery: self-contained human ecosystem
		It was supposed to be a self-contained ecosystem, and this team of scientists were gonna be locked into it for 2 years.
		However, Biosphere II's main failure was a huge engineering mishap- the concrete reacted with the oxygen in the atmosphere, causing oxygen levels to plummet.
		My suggestion is a large structure (I'm guessing a geodesic dome) which contains ONLY the minimal plants (and possibly animals, esp. pollinators) necessary for human survival and the continuation of the ecosystem.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/self-contained_20human_20ecosystem (319 words)

	Scope 58 - Box 2J
		This is to prevent an improvement in ecosystem well-being being from being understood as compensating for a drop in human well-being, or vice versa.
		Thus the Barometer does not allow a trade-off between human well-being and ecosystem well-being, reflecting a view that people and the ecosystem are equally important and that sustainability is a combination of human well-being and ecosystem well-being.
		It obliges users to state explicitly their assumptions about the significance of each indicator for human or ecosystem well-being, and the levels of achievement that would be ideal, desirable, acceptable, unacceptable, or disastrous.
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope58/box2j.html (1337 words)

	Indicators to Evaluate
		More recently, the fact that humans are part of the ecosystem and emerging knowledge of the impacts of toxic chemicals on human health, while not yet universally accepted as significant issues, have become part of the ecosystem paradigm for many scientists, the public and the Commission.
		Ecosystem integrity, including pertinent human uses and values, can be expressed in terms of desired, positive outcomes to which the public and decisionmakers can relate and strive to achieve.
		Human populations in the Great Lakes basin are healthy and free from acute illness associated with locally high levels of contaminants, or chronic illness associated with long-term exposure to low levels of contaminants.
	www.ijc.org /php/publications/html/ietf.html (18580 words)

	Human "Microbial World"
		As defined in Table 1, there are four natural, microbial reservoirs of the human body or Biofilms that make-up the human ecosystem.
		Within hours of birth, oral, vaginal, gut and skin flora are established as a complex microbial, heterogeneous ecosystem (with architectural structure), which becomes more complex with further species acquisition and colonial development over the first two decades of life.
		However, the establishment of this complex ecosystem is not haphazard or random and has been recently detailed to occur in a very systematic, organized cascade, emphasizing the adherent characteristics of the microbes in the GI system.
	www.hsc.wvu.edu /som/microguide/humanmicro.htm (1067 words)

	Tidepool \| Human and Ecosystem Health
		To maintain a vast system of Connected Wildlands for the sake of other species, is also to maintain our ancient evolutionary home, one that we have shared with all life on this planet for close to four billion years.
		Human and Ecosystem Health is the humble recognition that to be human is to participate in a vast web of living systems a thousand times older than the brief lifespan of our systems.
		Recognize that the health of humans and ecosystems is indivisible.
	www.tidepool.org /ce/ce.net29.cfm (387 words)

	1993-95 PRIORITIES REPORT - SAB
		This approach views ecosystems as networks of interacting living populations, so in effect the biota are the ecosystem while the non-living components are understood to be external influences or the backdrop in which biotic interactions occur.
		Separate indicators of ecosystem health and human health are required since their goals and targets are different, in the former case ecosystem stability, persistence or resilience, in the latter the disease or illness state of individuals.
		The human or ecosystem integrates all of the negative exposures received, and the resulting ill health may not be directly attributable to any one of the exposures taken in isolation.
	www.ijc.org /rel/boards/sab/pr9395.html (19089 words)

	Determinants of Human and Ecosystem Health in the Pacific Northwest: An Interspecies Perspective: Centro Internacional ...
		An interspecies perspective, based on the health of King (Chinook) Salmon and human populations, will inform the analysis by recognizing the inherent ‘value’ of non-human as well as human life.
		And if the health of the region’s ecosystems continues to decline, these gains in human health may not be sustainable over the long-term: sustainable human health is dependent on ecosystem health and sustainability.
		Less degraded than much of the industrialized world and with human populations that have a high level of awareness about the need to protect and enhance ecosystem health, this bioregion has perhaps a better chance of achieving sustainability than most.
	www.idrc.ca /es/ev-23451-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (347 words)

	EcoHealth: New Journal Bridging Human, Wildlife, Ecosystem Health and Disease Emergence. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The relationship between the determinants of human health and ecological sustainability is bought to the fore in rural settings where the drivers of hazardous environmental exposures and socioeconomic welfare are closely coupled with local natural resources.
		Zoonotic pathogens (those transmitted between humans and other animals) are responsible for 75% of the emerging diseases affecting humans.
		Yet, given the uncertainty in ecosystem functioning, it is questionable whether this single-species focus is merited.
	www.ewire.com /display.cfm/Wire_ID/2144 (1149 words)

	[No title]
		Part I: The human ecosystem as an organizi Machlis, G.E., Force, J.E., and Burch, W.R., Jr., 1997.
		Part I: The human ecosystem as an organizing concept in ecosystem management.
		They propose the human ecosystem as an organizing concept for ecosystem management.
	forestry.lib.umn.edu /bib/temp/sci_16a.txt (661 words)

	Canadian Public Health Association - Policy & Advocacy - Policy Statements - Human and Ecosystem Health: Canadian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For now it is not simply human health that is threatened, but the health of our ecosystem, of Gaia herself.
		There is still time for us to do what we have to do: to join with the environmental movement, with governments and business, with our friends and colleagues, our neighbors and our families.
		Only by becoming part of the growing global movement to protect and enhance human and ecosystem health can we hope to ensure that generations to come will also be able to see the Earth as we see it - a beautiful, living planet - and to be moved by that sight.
	www.cpha.ca /english/policy/pstatem/ecosyst/page1.htm (325 words)

	Research HWIR Human and Ecosystem Site (Generic) Exposure-Risk Assessment Screening Model, EPA Exposure, US EPA
		Both were / are considered important definitions in regulating the disposal of hazardous wastes consistent with reducing risk to human health and the environment; however, since they apply regardless of the concentrations or mobilities of hazardous constituents associated with the solid wastes, the potential for over-regulation is a possibility.
		The conceptual foundation of the technical approach to achieving the HWIR goals is the risk paradigm and the associated relationship between a source of contaminant, its release to and transport through the environment, subsequent contact (i.e., exposure) with human and ecological receptors, and the resulting risk of health effects.
		The assessment of potential human and ecological health risks will be site-based and include, for each site statistically sampled from a national database of WMUs, the simultaneous release of chemicals from the WMU to each environmental medium, the fate and transport of the chemical through a multimedia environment, and the receptor-specific exposures that result.
	www.epa.gov /nerl/research/1999/html/g5-3.html (1075 words)

	EcoHealth: New Journal Bridging Human, Wildlife, Ecosystem Health and Disease Emergence
		The Editors are pleased to introduce you to EcoHealth, a timely forum for research, policy and practice at the interface between the ecological and health sciences.
		"The one-health perspective of EcoHealth bridges disciplinary divides between human, wildlife and ecosystem health," says Bruce Wilcox, Editor-in-Chief and Professor and Chair of the Division of Ecology and Health at the University of Hawaii's John A. Burns School of Medicine.
		The journal represents a merger of the complementary publications Ecosystem Health and Global Change and Human Health, and the emerging field of Conservation Medicine.
	www.environmental-expert.com /pressrelease/press207.htm (416 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Ecosystem Function & Human Activities: Reconciling Economics and Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This innovative book examines a problem of growing concern and importance: obtaining accurate estimates of the ecological costs of human activities.
		The book covers a wide range of subjects, from the management and function of ecosystems to ecological issues affecting public policy.
		Ecosystems provide resources that can be extracted and are valued in the market place, but the delivery of those resources depends on the functioning of natural processes whose maintenance may involve substantial costs.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0412096714 (298 words)

	2005 GRC on Past Ecosystem Processes & Human-Environment Interactions
		Although long-term studies provide the natural variability needed to better assess future climate, they often lack information about contemporary processes and the human dimension perspective necessary for predicting the effect of climate change on ecosystems used for various human activities.
		During this conference, bridges between contemporary ecology, archaeology, historical ecology and palaeoecology should be created to lead to a more comprehensive understanding of various ecosystems.
		Two centuries of human impact on sediment, nutrient andcontaminent loading to the Upper Mississipi River: mass balance reconstruction from the sediment of Lake Pepin and Lake Ste-Croix
	www.grc.uri.edu /programs/2005/pasteco.htm (565 words)

	BES Website Main Page
		The ecological knowledge we create helps support educational and community-based activities, and interactions between the project and the Baltimore community are important components of our project.
		It is now featured among the recommended Resources on Science NetLinks (http://www.sciencenetlinks.com), a comprehensive homepage for science educators created by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
		Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
	www.beslter.org (284 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2001023293
		Table of contents for Human ecology : basic concepts for sustainable development / Gerald G. Marten.
		Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
		Library of Congress subject headings for this publication: Human ecology, Sustainable development, Nature Effect of human beings on, Human-plant relationships, Human-animal relationships, Biotic communities
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy022/2001023293.html (64 words)

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