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Topic: Human hearing

	Hearing (sense) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hearing is one, the auditory, of the traditional five senses, and refers to the ability to detect sound.
		In human beings, hearing is performed by the ears, which also perform the function of balance, a sense in itself but not one of the traditional list (due to Aristotle).
		Dogs are able to hear ultrasound, which is the principle of 'silent' dog whistles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hearing_(sense) (317 words)

	Hearing (from human aging) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In humans the physiological developments are normally accompanied by psychological and behavioural changes, and other changes, involving social and economic factors, also occur.
		The earliest aid was the ear trumpet, characterized by a large mouth at one end for collecting the sound energy from a large area and a gradually tapering tube to a narrow orifice for insertion in the ear.
		Also called the Human Genome Initiative, the Human Genome Project is a controversial international effort launched in 1988 by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy to sequence and then decode all the genes on the 46 chromosomes of humans.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=63935 (928 words)

	Human cochlear expressed sequence tags provide insight into cochlear gene expression and identify candidate genes for ...
		The cochlear library is a resource for researchers studying human hearing and deafness, and facilitates identification of genes expressed in the human membranous labyrinth.
		Because many of the hearing loss loci were mapped in small kindreds with few informative recombination events to narrow the genetic interval of the disease locus, hearing loss loci are assigned frequently to intervals spanning several centiMorgans, which may encompass hundreds of genes.
		Mutations in the human homolog of the Drosophila diaphanous gene are etiologic in DFNA1 (5), and mutations in human TECTA, previously identified in the mouse, result in DFNA8/DFNA12 (12).
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/8/3/439 (5285 words)

	The physiology of hearing (from ear, human) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Hearing is the process by which the ear transforms sound vibrations in the external environment into nerve impulses that are conveyed to the brain, where they are interpreted as sounds.
		More specifically, a hearing is the formal examination of a cause, civil or criminal, before a judge according to the laws of a particular jurisdiction.
		In reference to criminal procedure a hearing refers to a proceeding before a magistrate subsequent to the inception of the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=65044 (850 words)

	Range of Human Hearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		domain the range of human hearing is between approximately
		High frequency hearing is also progressively lost as we age.
		The dynamic range of human hearing is approximately 120 decibels.
	www.sfu.ca /sca/Manuals/ZAAPf/r/range.html (48 words)

	Evaluation of the Health Sector Hearing: Conceptualising Human Rights and Reconciliation - Hugo van der Merwe
		Rather than focusing on the direct participation of health care professionals in gross human rights violations (which was perceived to be of a limited extent), the hearing attempted to incorporate an examination of the ways in which health care professionals contributed to the environment in which those violations could occur.
		While the health sector hearing was in many ways successful in achieving its goals, there have been some concerns expressed about the agenda set for the hearing by the various stakeholders, and the agenda for change that emerged from the hearing.
		One area where the hearing did appear to pay a lot of attention to the issue of racial inequalities was that of the medical schools and their policies of racial discrimination.
	www.csvr.org.za /papers/papvdm2.htm (10575 words)

	Sensitivity of Human Ear
		Contributing to the wide dynamic range of human hearing are protective mechanisms that reduce the ear's response to very loud sounds.
		In addition to its remarkable sensitivity, the human ear is capable of responding to the widest range of stimuli of any of the senses.
		The structures of the outer and middle ear contribute to both the remarkable sensitivity and the wide dynamic range of human hearing.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/earsens.html (513 words)

	HeadWize - Article: Preventing Hearing Damage When Listening With Headphones (A HeadWize Headphone Guide)
		Hearing damage from headphones is probably more common than from loudspeakers, because many people exploit the acoustic isolation by listening at higher volumes.
		Moreover, the risk of hearing damage from headphones is higher than with loudspeakers, even at comparable volumes, due to the close coupling of the transducers to the ears.
		Another hearing phenomenon that seems to be more noticeable with headphones is a decreasing sensitivity to sound levels over time, as the ears adapt to loud sounds.
	www.headwize.com /articles/hearing_art.htm (2722 words)

	Hearing Loss, Hearing and Hearing Aids: Hear-it
		Hearing loss is a world wide problem One out of ten people are hard of hearing.
		After losing much of her hearing as a baby, she has learnt to cope with - and even excel at - making do with the technology available.
		Whether you bought your hearing aids or received them through a public health system you should be aware what your position would be if they are lost or damaged.
	www.hear-it.org (365 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Hearing more complex than thought
		Human hearing may be more complex than previously thought, say researchers.
		In fact, the human brain can detect differences in the arrival time of a sound at the two ears of about 10 millionths of a second.
		For decades it has been assumed that human hearing was wired up in the same way as barn owls - a species that has been widely studied since the 1970s.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/3532516.stm (609 words)

	About Us : Membership Qualifications
		Those who fulfill the legal requirements in their state/province for fitting and dispensing hearing instruments; are actively engaged in the practice of testing human hearing and selecting, fitting, counseling clients and dispensing hearing instruments; hold a valid certificate of completion from the American Conference of Audioprosthology.
		Those who fulfill the legal requirements in their state/province for fitting and dispensing hearing instruments; are actively engaged in the practice of testing human hearing and selecting, fitting, counseling clients and dispensing hearing instruments; have completed some but not all of the requirements to be a Board Certified, Audiologist or Audioprosthologist member.
		Those who fulfill the legal requirements in their locality for fitting and dispensing hearing instruments; are actively engaged in the practice of testing human hearing and selecting, fitting, counseling clients and dispensing hearing instruments; reside outside the United States or Canada.
	www.ihsinfo.org /IhsV2/About_Us/030_Membership_Qualifications.cfm (377 words)

	System for testing adequacy of human hearing - US Patent 5413114 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This invention relates to a system and method for measuring hearing, and more particularly to a system and method for measuring hearing that may be successfully applied to individuals unable to respond to instructions or request of a person administering the test.
		The system and method of testing herein described may therefore be applied to the measurement of hearing function in babies, for example, permitting assessment of their hearing at an earlier age than possible when methods or systems are used which depend on communication between tester and subject.
		Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of testing hearing that improves the efficiency of EDP testing by automatically limiting the duration of the EDP test to a time that is reasonable and sufficient for the determination of the functionality of the hearing of the subject.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5413114.html (3374 words)

	Human Hearing: Amplitude Sensitivity Part 1
		Knowing how we hear, as well as understanding the limits that define our auditory mechanism, is essential when rendering subjective judgments on the performance of any piece of audio hardware.
		The resultant range is owing to varying methodologies used by the researchers and, of course, the response of the human hearing apparatus to the applied acoustic signals.
		One of the most difficult aspects of writing about human hearing performance is that there are so few absolutes to be found in the mountains of variables that characterize the process of human hearing.
	www.audioholics.com /techtips/roomacoustics/HumanHearingAmplitude.php (1915 words)

	Joint UNEP-OHCHR Expert Seminar on Human Rights and the Environment
		This hearing marks the first time that the IACHR will formally and specifically address the linkages of human rights to the environment in a General Hearing.
		The hearing will be an excellent opportunity to gain an insight on how the hemisphere’s human rights tribunals understand the relationship between the environment and people, and more specifically it will provide us with an opportunity to identify promotion and capacity building needs on this front.
		The objective of the hearing is to present the IACHR juridical and scientific information on the state of the environment in the continent, the alarming growth of environmental degradation, and the consequences of this degradation on the realization of human rights in the hemisphere.
	www.cedha.org.ar /hr-env-hearing-oas.htm (750 words)

	UMHS News - Of Mice and Men:
		The discovery of the human deafness gene, called TMIE, is reported in the September issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics.
		The mouse studies were conducted at the Kresge Hearing Research Institute, part of the University of Michigan Health System, using two deaf strains of mice from the Jackson Laboratory in Maine.
		Scientists estimate that half of all inherited hearing loss cases are due to mutations in a single gene called connexin 26, found in 1997.
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2002/miceandmen.htm (1202 words)

	Hearing Article
		The normal range of hearing for a healthy young person is 20 to 20,000 Hz; hearing deteriorates with age and with exposure to unsafe volume levels.
		The range of human hearing capability is so vast, in fact, that the Pa scale is not very good for expressing it – most useful figures are very large, unmanageable numbers.
		This range is bound by the "threshold of hearing" on the bottom and the "threshold of feeling" on top; the boundaries on the left and right represent the lowest and highest frequencies a listener can perceive, respectively.
	www.termpro.com /articles/hearing.html (2210 words)

	Frequency Range of Human Hearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hearing is one of the five senses of the body.
		"Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception and results from tiny hair fibres in the inner ear detecting the motion of atmospheric particles within (at best) a range of 20 to 20000 Hz.
		The human ear is capable of hearing many of the sounds produced in nature, but certainly not all.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2003/ChrisDAmbrose.shtml (683 words)

	Physical Model of Human Hearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Here we are primarily concerned with the behaviour of the human cochlea.
		The nonlinearity of the response is a key to understanding many of the surprising properties of human hearing.
		To completely model human hearing we would have to develop an analysis that dealt with many aspects of this complicated nonlinear system.
	www.st-and.demon.co.uk /AudioMisc/hearing/model.html (364 words)

	Capturing Sound - PLAYBACK Newsletter
		So sensitive in fact, that if they were any more sensitive to loudness, we would hear the constant roar of air pressure fluctuations caused by the random movement of air molecules.
		This is because as we age, the limit of our ability to hear decreases down to only about 5000 Hertz in people over age 60.
		It might be asked, "If the average adult can't hear much over 10,000 Hz, then why worry about reproducing 20,000 Hz sound?" First of all, since new technology and special mastering techniques allow us to, we are compelled by our dedication to doing the best we can.
	www.m2com.com /playbk4.html (1393 words)

	KindLeaf: Ear, Human, Hearing tests
		Before the development of electroacoustic equipment for generating and measuring sound, the available tests of hearing gave approximate answers at best.
		A person's hearing could be specified in terms of the ability to distinguish the ticking of a watch or the clicking of coins or the distance at which conversational speech or a whispered voice could be understood.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	kindleaf.blogspot.com /2004/05/ear-human-hearing-tests.html (70 words)

	diyAudio Forums Archive - human hearing
		It was thought this proved that humans were sensative to sounds over 20k, however, a subsequent attempt to replicate the results filtered the combined signal to eliminate everthing avove 20K, the subjects could STILL tell the difference.
		It is my personal view that you cannot hear the effect of sounds above 20k directly, but that it is certainly possible to hear the effect of an extended bandwidth signal on the equipment reproducing it.
		I think the use of static monaural signals is one of the most often repeated errors when the properties of human hearing are tested.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread/t-19470.html (8325 words)

	3D-Imaging, Visualization, and Geometry Modeling of the Human Hearing Organ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The project of three-dimensional and high-resolution imaging of the human hearing organ was initially motivated by the urgent need of geometry model data for the Finite Element Analysis of middle ear transfer characteristics.
		The goal was in establishing both technology and approach for deriving individual structure data models of the human ear with spatial resolution in the 10µm range.
		Considering the motivation an important result is the derivation of data-based geometry models, giving access to intra- and interindividual models for the simulation of acousto-mechanic behavior of the human hearing organ and allowing redemption of current synthetic models.
	www.tu-dresden.de /medkhno/mittelohr/ohr_3d/3D_home.html (665 words)

	Mice May Hold Key to Restoring Human Hearing Loss
		The two scientists are collaborating to develop new methods to expand and maintain adult stem cells isolated from the mouse inner ear to establish long-term stable cell lines.
		This is the first step toward the ultimate goal of creating implantable human hair cells that will grow happily; eventually repairing damaged hearing and restoring balance.
		The Marine Biological Laboratory is an independent scientific institution, founded in 1888, dedicated to improving the human condition through basic research and education in biology, biomedicine, and environmental science.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=12499 (313 words)

	diyAudio Forums Archive - Distortion of human hearing
		Secondly, hearing damage that effects the fine hairs that pick up sound can not only prevent particular tones from being recieved but can also reduce the ability of hearing to filter multiple sounds.
		Thirdly, I have friends who when at rock concerts have complained about the PA system being distorted but then discovered, upon fitting earplugs, that it was actually their hearing that was being driven beyond its linear region and causing the distortion.
		Can't argue with the former either if you simply want to experience what you wouldn't normally as a human being and prefer it that way, but it is hardly the argument based on "fidelity" which you appeared to be trying to make.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread/t-20254.html (2392 words)

	Human Hearing and Audio
		This page provides links to sets of webpages that consider some ways in which the properties of human hearing may affect our perception of the sound quality of audio systems.
		It explains some of the recent discoveries that physiologists have made about the non-linear nature of human hearing, and speculates on some of the possible implications these may have for the percieved performance of audio equipment.
		The next link is to a page that outlines how human hearing may deteriorate as a result of age or damage.
	www.st-and.demon.co.uk /AudioMisc/hearing (259 words)

	Human Hearing and Speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		* describe the basic structure and function of the organs involved in hearing and speech
		A brief explanation, interesting tidbits, and about a dozen hearing experiments / activities for K-12 students.
		A three day teaching unit for grade 3 students on hearing.
	ftnelson.sd81.bc.ca /~science03/primscience/23/hearing.html (62 words)

	Hormone helps fish to mate, may affect human hearing
		Altering steroid hormone levels did not change the reproductive status of the females; the eggs they carried were still immature and were not ready to be deposited, even if the hearing-enhanced females had been attracted to the males' nests.
		Paul M. Forlano, a graduate student in Bass's lab, and David L. Deitcher, one of Bass's colleagues at Cornell, also identified the estrogen receptor in the female inner ear where the enhancement of the males' cues begins.
		The research, he notes, is of particular relevance to women with Turner's syndrome, a genetic aberration that results in loss of estrogen production in the ovary, that also shows an early onset in progressive high-frequency hearing loss.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/cuns-hhf071404.php (517 words)

	Music and the Human Ear
		Human hearing is a superior defensive system in every respect except source location accuracy.
		For human communication a frequency ratio of 10:1 and a ratio of strongest to weakest signal of 10,000:1 would suffice.
		This is a scale that is defined such that the threshold of hearing is 0 dB.
	www.silcom.com /~aludwig/EARS.htm (3444 words)

	Gene expression differences in quiescent versus regenerating hair cells of avian sensory epithelia: implications for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gene expression differences in quiescent versus regenerating hair cells of avian sensory epithelia: implications for human hearing and balance disorders -- Hawkins et al.
		Gene expression differences in quiescent versus regenerating hair cells of avian sensory epithelia: implications for human hearing and balance disorders
		The sensory receptors for hearing and balance are the hair cells
	hmg.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/12/11/1261 (314 words)

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