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	NASA Dryden Daedalus Human Powered Aircraft Photo Collection
		The Michelob Light Eagle and Daedalus human powered aircraft were testbeds for flight research conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California between January 1987 and March 1988.
		These unique aircraft were designed and constructed by a group of students, professors, and alumni of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology within the context of the Daedalus project.
		Also in January of 1987, the Light Eagle was powered by Lois McCallin to set the straight distance, the distance around a closed circuit, and the duration world records for the female division in human powered vehicles.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /gallery/photo/Daedalus/index.html (493 words)

	AIRCRAFT : Encyclopedia Entry
		Fixed-wing aircraft generally use an internal-combustion engine in the form of a piston engine (with a propeller) or a turbine engine (jet or turboprop), to provide thrust that moves the craft forward through the air.
		Heliplanes are combination aircraft with both a rotor and wings; they can take off and land vertically, and hover, like a helicopter, but use their wings for high speed flight.
		The major distinction in aircraft usage is between military aviation, which includes all uses of aircraft for military purposes (such as combat, patrolling, search and rescue, reconnaissance, transport, and training), and civil aviation, which includes all uses of aircraft for non-military purposes.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Aircraft (1962 words)

	HPA - Team Icarus -
		For those of you who think of human powered flight as an attempt by individuals to jump of the end of Bognor Pier in home-made contraptions, only to plunge inelegantly into the sea, you need to think again.
		By the 1980’s the basic concept of the HPA was a conventional unbraced, high-wing monoplane with a hanging cabin, a balanced rudder and a pusher propeller.
		Where the aircraft of the 1970's were so flimsy that they could only be flown in virtually still air, the machines of today can cope with light winds.
	www.teamicarus.com /wawcs0115227/ln-hpa.html (326 words)

	Propeller Propulsion
		The engine takes air from the surroundings, mixes it with fuel, burns the fuel to release the energy in the fuel, and uses the heated gas exhaust to move a piston which is attached to a crankshaft.
		The human-powered aircraft of the mid 80's were also propeller-powered, but the "engine" was provided by a human using a bicycle gearing device.
		But as the speed of the aircraft increases, regions of supersonic flow, with associated performance losses due to shock waves, occur on the propeller.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/propeller.html (546 words)

	TRANSPORTOBELLO.COM: Human-Powered Transport
		Elite track sprinters are able to attain an instantaneous maximum output of around 2,000 watts, or in excess of 25 watts/kg; elite road cyclists may produce 1,600 to 1,700 watts as an instantaneous maximum in their burst to the finish line at the end of a five-hour long road race.
		Here the human effort is not dominant in the actual locomotion, but essential in steering, and often take-off.
		The first officially authenticated take-off and landing of a human-powered aircraft (one capable of powered takeoffs, unlike a glider) was done in November 1962 by Derek Piggott in Southampton University's Man Powered Aircraft (SUMPA).
	www.transportobello.com /human.html (497 words)

	Human Powered Aircraft
		The aircraft was powered using pedals to drive a large two-bladed propeller.
		The aircraft is of unusual configuration, using a large horizontal stabilizer forward in a manner similar to the Wright brothers successful craft.
		The aircraft was designed and built by MacCready who is a noted US aeronautics engineer, designer and glider pilott, and 'Gossamer Albatross was his second human-powered aircraft.The first was the Gossamer Condor which won the first Kremer prize on August 23, 1977 by completing a figure '8' course.
	www.treadly.com /hpvs/hpa.htm (469 words)

	Thirty Thousand Feet - Human Powered Flight
		Human Powered Flight History of human powered flight, The Daedalus and other projects, references.
		Human Powered Helicopter The constructor of the first human powered helicopter is seeking funding by attempting to sell space on the surface of the aircraft.
		International Human Powered Vehicle Association An association of national associations and organizations, dedicated to promoting improvement, innovation and creativity in the use of human power.
	www.thirtythousandfeet.com /human.htm (151 words)

	Gliding Magazine \| Features
		Human powered flight has been a dream for thousands of years because early would-be aviators or inventors assumed they could use muscles for energy.
		This lightweight, unpiloted, propeller driven, solar powered aircraft has a wingspan of 247ft, flies at 19-27mph at low altitudes with a true airspeed of up to 170mph at extreme altitude.
		The Daedalus 88, with Glenn Tremml as the pilot, is one of the significant aircraft shown.
	www.glidingmagazine.com /FeatureArticle.asp?id=396 (1662 words)

	hpag home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Man Powered Aircraft Group of the Royal Aeronautical Society originated in 1959 when the members of the Man Powered Group of the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield were invited to become a group of the Society.
		We have reached the transitional period in human powered flight.
		But at the same time there are groups all over the world who are able to share in and benefit from the research of the record breakers, and build their own more straightforward aeroplane, but using materials which only a few years ago would have been considered impossibly exotic and expensive.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/j_d_mcintyre/hpag.htm (832 words)

	Flapping Wings Forum - Human powered ornithopter design
		Following a discussion in the engine-powered human carrying thread, I think it is a good time to launch a thread to focus particularly on the challenges and opportunities peculiar to human-powered ornithopters.
		A human powered aircraft has such a tiny margin of power over level flight requirements that it must operate at close to the optimum in every phase of takeoff, climb and level flight.
		This is not only a unique challenge for human powered ornithopters but a unique opportunity since no automatic system, whether mechanically or computer mediated can apply such subtle sensing, power control and adaptive learning as an animal can.
	www.ornithopter.org /forum/printthread.php?t=56 (962 words)

	Halfbakery: Flying underground
		Human powered flight by means of subterranian hyper-baric chamber.
		If you had a pressurised chamber with 6 or more times the density of air at sea level it could be possible for a human to fly in an apropriate birdsuit or pedal powered aircraft.
		Presently human powered aircraft on earth can only fly for a few minutes pedaled by a super fit olympic cyclist.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Flying_20underground (871 words)

	HumanPowered
		The aircraft is of unusual configuration, using a large horizontal stabilizer forward in a manner similar to the
		The aircraft was designed and built by a team led by Paul B MacCready, a noted US aeronautics engineer, designer, and world soaring champion, and Gossamer Albatross was his second human-powered aircraft.
		The aircraft used in the channel-crossing is on display at the Smithsonian Institution's Udvar-Hazy center.
	www.rit.edu /~pnveme/EMEM560n/HumanPowered.html (940 words)

	HPVA Website
		The principal object of the contests is to combine the best in technology with the best in athletic ability to obtain the fastest and most efficient human powered vehicles in the water, on land, and in the air; and to showcase ongoing technological development for speed and for practical human powered vehicles.
		The HPVA serves as a source of information for all human powered land, water and air records and all other records pertinent to the pursuit of human power.
		The HPVA acts as the United States sanctioning body for races and other sporting events and for new records in human powered land, water and air vehicles set under the Rules of the corporation or under the rules of the International Human Powered Vehicle Association ("IHPVA").
	www.ihpva.org /hpva (285 words)

	Williamson Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Locomotion powered by human energy is still relied upon daily in many cultures, while industrialized nations have developed human-powered products in primarily the toy, sport, and exercise marketplace.
		During the last three decades dramatic innovations have been achieved by entrepreneurs in the field of human power.
		The English Channel was conquered by a human-powered aircraft in 1979, and in 1988 another such craft traced the 74-mile course of the Greek legend Daedalus by flying from the island of Crete to the island of Santorin.
	www.artcenter.edu /exhibit/anthro/anthrorv.html (404 words)

	Man-powered flight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Man-powered flight is aerial travel in an aircraft powered exclusively by direct human energy.
		The official term for the aircraft used is 'manpowered aircraft'.
		The first officially authenticated take-off and landing of a man powered aircraft (one capable of powered take-offs, unlike a glider) was made on 9 November 1961 by Derek Piggott in Southampton University's Man Powered Aircraft (SUMPA).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human-powered_aircraft (793 words)

	human powered aircraft Vï¿½lair
		that are applicable to other high performance aircraft, specially for the cases where propulsion power is strongly limited like for high altitude aircraft that are designed to fly in the stratosphere, or for aircraft with very low fuel consumption and long endurance.
		The aircraft and the pilot are 10 years older now what certainly does not contribute to the performance of both.
		The aircraft got some more dents, not only from a few landings in the potato fields but also from so many expositions, the cover got many ribbles, and our cats loved it as a tree substitute while it was stored in our living room.
	www.skytec-engineering.de /hpa.htm (1483 words)

	Blue Falkor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The goal of the project is to build a record-breaking Human Powered Aircraft (H.P.A.) and to win the Kremer Marathon Competition in the spring of 2006.
		A H.P.A. is an airplane which is operated by muscular strength.
		The goal of the competition is to fly a H.P.A. along a 42 km long course within the time limit of one hour.
	bluefalkor.tudelft.nl /en (191 words)

	HPVA - Human Powered Vehicle Association Official Home Page
		For a second year the HPVA is proud to produce the Human Powered Hour Challenge at the Nissan Technical Center’s Arizona proving grounds outside Casa Grande, Arizona.
		We were to come and go only as a group, waivers were signed by all attending to be allowed on the premises and the OK was given for use of cameras during the record attempt.
		The HPVA is organized and operated exclusively for educational and scientific purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
	hpva.us (813 words)

	Human Powered Vehicles Book (Copyright 1995, 288 pages)
		Part I describes early applications of human power to machines, giving examples of every major type of mechanism used to harness human power.
		He was the founding president of the International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHPVA) and has served on its Board of Directors since 1977.
		Wilson has been the editor of Human Power, the IHPVA journal, since 1984 and a professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 1971.
	www.onlinesports.com /pages/I,HK-BABB0827.html (733 words)

	Directory:Human-Powered - PESWiki
		The FreeCharge Portable Energy Source, powered by human step action, wind, solar or plug power, is able to jump start a vehicle battery or power a variety of accessories.
		Windstream Power (http://www.windstreampower.com/humanpower/hpginfo.html) - Human power generators are based on transforming movement of the human body into electricity.
		The Human Power Generator MkIII and the Bike Power generator are the solution to energy education in the classroom, failsafe backup power, and productive exercise.
	peswiki.com /index.php?title=Directory:Human-Powered&redirect=no (630 words)

	Little Blimps - especially human powered
		This fab site has lots of pictures and a history of this form of flight, which goes back to 1937, and is perhaps best known because of the flight by Larry Walters of California, in 1982, to 16,000 feet in the maiden voyage of his lawn chair, with 40 balloons.
		The 400 cubic metre D-4 electically powered "airship" (really a blimp, since it had no internal rigid structure in the envelope as far as I know) was flown over the rainforests of Sabah, Malaysia in 1995 as part of an orang-utan research project.
		International Human Powered Vehicle Association - but there were no lighter than air pictures when I last looked.
	www.firstpr.com.au /blimp/index.html (585 words)

	NASG Web - HPA (Human-Powered Aircraft) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Home News HPA (Human-Powered Aircraft) Genesis of HPA Development in early years 1963- The World record for long distance 1975- Trying the Kremer's prize 1980- In the world International Birdman Rally with Student Group 1985- How to build HPA Kimura-cup Paper Plane Competition Airfoil Database Links
		Around the world, Human-Powered Aircraft has been researched for a long time, be cause of man's persistent dream - to "fly the sky by myself".
		Hidemasa Kimura(who is now deceased), has lead the i nvestigation for HPA in Japan and developed many aircrafts.
	www.nasg.com /hpa/hpa-e.html (207 words)

	Why Invent That?--Activity
		The Light Eagle and Daedalus human-powered aircraft were testbeds for flight research conducted at Dryden between January 1987 and March 1988.
		Also in January of 1987, the Light Eagle was powered by Lois McCallin to set the straight distance, the distance around a closed circuit, and the duration world records for the female division in human-powered vehicles.
		The specific areas of flight research conducted at Dryden included characterizing the rigid body and flexible dynamics of the Light Eagle, investigating sensors for an autopilot that could be used on high-altitude or human- powered aircraft, and determining the power required to fly the Daedalus aircraft.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/BGA/Susan_Eaken/WhyInventThat_act.htm (508 words)

	Human-powered flight- Daedalus seeks record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Monarch B, a human-powered aircraft built at MIT, set the world speed record for human-powered flight -- approximately 22 mph -- at the Kremer World Speed Competition in 1984.
		The Daedalus aircraft, like the mythological character, will fly from the island of Crete to the Greek mainland, Bussolari explained.
		The second is to explore new levels of human physiological achievement.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V105/N58/daedal.58n.html (470 words)

	Museum of Flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Gossamer Albatross aircraft is designed to fly long distances with a human as the only power source.
		This light and fragile aircraft is pushed by a propeller that is connected, through a series of gears, to a constantly pedaling pilot.
		The Albatross II on display was built as a backup to the record-breaking Albatross aircraft.
	www.museumofflight.org /Collection/Aircraft.asp?RecordKey=F102A92F-77BF-4200-97E3-5B9ABEDA83EF (323 words)

	Gene Larrabee, 'Mr. Propeller' of human-powered flight, dies at 82 - MIT News Office
		Propeller" in the human-powered aircraft community, died on Jan. 11 in Mt. Vernon, N.Y. He was 82.
		His propeller designs achieved international recognition with the flights of the human-powered aircraft Chrysalis, built and flown at MIT in 1978-79; the Gossamer Albatross, which crossed the English Channel in 1979, and the Daedalus, which crossed the Aegean Sea in 1988.
		They were even usable by lay engineers with no specialization in aerodynamics, which made them very popular with aircraft and boat homebuilders, hobbyists, and wind power manufacturers, in addition to their expected use by the light aircraft industry," said Mark Drela, professor of aeronautics and astronautics and a former student of Larrabee's.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2003/obit-larrabee-0129.html (559 words)

	Blazing Wings: Blazing Wings
		The technology behind solar powered aircraft is still in its infancy, we’ll have to wait for quite a lot of time to see them available commercially.
		SOLITAIR or Solar Powered Aircraft for High Altitude Long Endurance Flight, is another unmanned, solar powered aircraft or a satellite to be precise, is specifically designed to conduct research activities in northern European latitude.
		Centurion takes solar powered aircraft technology to news heights with ultralight flying wing equipped with multiple electric motors that takes it to an altitude of 100,000 feet at 12.5 miles per hour.
	www.blazingwings.org (3766 words)

	Human Powered Helicopter Competition Rules
		General information on the Human Powered Helicopter Competition.
		4.1.3 The machine shall be powered and controlled by the crew during the entire flight, including accelerating the rotor up to takeoff speed.
		The entrant shall be solely responsible to the official observer f or due observance of these regulations and shall be the person with whom the official observers will deal in respect thereof, or any other question arising out of this competition.
	www.vtol.org /awards/hphregs.html (1064 words)

	HUMAN POWER ARCHIVES
		Human Power is also not all about speed and records.
		Everything from the first long wheelbase recumbents to the first velomobiles to riding on dirt roads to human powered lawn mowers is covered.
		Most of us who are heavily involved in the Human Powered Movement are primarily interested in seeing more HPV’s in use and in leaving this planet a little cleaner than it was when we found it.
	www.bentrideronline.com /features/humanpower/humanpower.htm (783 words)

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