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Topic: Human rights in Spain

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	AllRefer.com - human rights (International Law) - Encyclopedia
		human rights, universal rights held to belong to individuals by virtue of their being human, encompassing civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights and freedoms, and based on the notion of personal human dignity and worth.
		Conceptually derived from the theory of natural law and originating in Greco-Roman doctrines, the idea of human rights appears in some early Christian writers' works and is reflected in the Magna Carta (1215).
		The United Nation's Commission on Human Rights, with Eleanor Roosevelt as chair, created the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which reasserted the concept of human rights after the horrors of World War II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/humanrigh.html (351 words)

	1994 Human Rights Report: SPAIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Other human rights problems included persistent de facto discrimination against Roma, reports of police mistreatment of detainees, and maladministration of Spain's judicial system as it copes with a huge backlog of cases (of all kinds of crime) and a severe shortage of justices.
		Human rights groups and members of the press complain that accused human rights offenders have avoided penalization by prolonging the appeals process, and that sentences for convicted abusers are unduly light.
		Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: the Right of Citizens to Change Their Government Spain is a multiparty democracy with open elections in which all citizens 18 years of age and over have the right to vote in secret ballot for Parliament as well as for provincial and local bodies.
	gopher.state.gov /ERC/democracy/1994_hrp_report/94hrp_report_eur/Spain.html (4280 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: SPAIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		TITLE: SPAIN HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1993 DATE: JANUARY 31, 1994 AUTHOR: U.S. Spain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch, King Juan Carlos I. In free and open elections held in June 1993, Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez was reelected to a fourth term, albeit as head of a minority government.
		Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government Spain is a multiparty democracy with open elections in which all citizens 18 years of age and over have the right to vote for Parliament as well as for provincial and local bodies.
		Human rights groups and media continued to give increasing attention to the question of human rights for the growing numbers of illegal immigrants from northern and sub-Saharan Africa.
	gopher.state.gov /ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_eur/Spain.html (4173 words)

	Spain
		The Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens; although there were a few problems in some areas, the law and judiciary provide effective means of addressing individual instances of abuse.
		Defendants enjoy the presumption of innocence and have the right to be represented by an attorney (at state expense for the indigent), to confront witnesses and to present witnesses on their behalf, and to have access to government-held evidence.
		During the year, the European Parliament released a human rights report stating that the Law of Political Parties is "in accordance with the principles of freedom, democracy, and respect for human rights and fundamental liberties, as well as being in accordance with the Rule of Law."
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27865.htm (6384 words)

	1996 Human Rights Report: Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Spain is a signatory to the U.N. Convention Against Torture and in 1995 approved Protocol 1 of the Strasbourg European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Penalties.
		Human rights groups such as the Association Against Torture and members of the press complain that many persons convicted of offenses constituting violations of human rights have avoided judicial sentencing by prolonging the appeals process and that sentences for persons convicted of such offenses are unduly light.
		Spain is a multiparty democracy with open elections in which all citizens 18 years of age and over have the right to vote by secret ballot for Parliament and for provincial and local bodies.
	www.usemb.se /human/human96/spain.html (6630 words)

	1997 Human Rights Reports: Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Human rights groups such as the Association Against Torture and members of the press complain that many persons convicted of human rights offenses of have avoided judicial sentencing by prolonging the appeals process and that their sentences are unduly light.
		Spain is a multiparty democracy with open elections in which all citizens 18 years of age and over have the right to vote by secret ballot for Parliament.
		Human rights groups and the media continued to give increasing attention to discrimination against the growing numbers of illegal immigrants from northern and sub-Saharan Africa.
	www.usemb.se /human/human97/spain.html (9631 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Europe and Central Asia : Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Spain is right to fight terrorism through the criminal justice system, but its counterterrorism measures still infringe basic rights of suspects charged with terrorist acts, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.
		Human Rights Watch also documented disturbing violations of migrants' and asylum seekers' procedural rights, particularly their rights to information in a language they understand, meaningful legal and translation services, and an opportunity to appeal.
		In particular, the two international human rights organizations strongly condemn the wave of racist attacks against Arabs and anti-Semitic attacks against Jews, and call on West European governments to redouble their efforts to combat racism in all its forms and to bring to justice suspected perpetrators of hate crimes.
	www.hrw.org /europe/spain.php (1317 words)

	Spain
		In a March report, the Council of Europe's Human Rights Commissioner noted that violent youth groups, inspired or controlled by ETA, were a determining factor in maintaining a climate of terror in the region.
		Spain is a multiparty democracy with open elections in which all citizens 18 years of age and over have the right to vote by secret ballot.
		The Constitution provides for equal rights for all citizens, and discrimination on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability, ideology, or religious beliefs is illegal; however, social discrimination against Roma and immigrants is a problem.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8343.htm (7141 words)

	Spain: Dialogue Sought on Migrants' Rights (Human Rights Watch, 7-3-2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Human Rights Watch has formally requested a meeting with Minister of Interior Mariano Rajoy Brey and Enrique Fernández-Miranda, the Government Delegate for Foreigners and Immigration, and permission to visit the Fuerteventura and Lanzarote detention facilities.
		Human Rights Watch's investigation, conducted at the end of 2001, involved interviews with over thirty migrants who had been detained in the Canary Island facilities, as well as lawyers, doctors, migrants' and aid organizations and government representatives familiar with the situation.
		Since the release of Human Rights Watch's report, the Spanish government has consistently expressed disagreement with the group's findings and conclusions, categorically stating that the fundamental rights of migrants are not being denied in the Canary Islands and that the treatment migrants receive is "ideal." Mr.
	www.hrw.org /press/2002/03/spain030702.htm (604 words)

	Pinochet - Criminal Procedures against Argentinian and Chilean Military in Spain
		Penal laws, rather than procedural norms, restrict rights and the principle of legality of the Spanish constitution should be understood to prohibit the application of penal laws that came into force after the commission of the crime, not the application of jurisdictional or procedural norms.
		Spain ratified the convention in 1968 and genocide was incorporated into the penal code in 1971.
		Having found that Spain had jurisdiction to try foreigners for crimes of genocide committed abroad, the National Audience went on to decide whether the acts for which the accused were accused could be typified as genocide.
	www.derechos.net /marga/papers/spain.html (7065 words)

	The United Nations Human Rights Treaties
		The UN human rights treaties are at the core of the international system for the promotion and protection of human rights.
		It is a universal human rights legal system which applies to virtually every child, woman or man in the world.
		The successful implementation of the human rights treaty standards, whether at the international or national level, depends on their accessibility to the victims of human rights abuse.
	www.bayefsky.com (129 words)

	Corruption: A Very Severe Handicap for Human Rights by Prof Raja Mutthirulandi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Extortions, robberies, assaults, crimes on women, children and the weak and even all that is associated with terrorism and under-world are some of the outward expressions or manifestations of corruption that hurt human beings and their rights deeply and more.
		In many poor and developing countries, where human rights conditions are not yet at satisfactory levels, the crisis bell is heard ringing louder indicating worsening human rights conditions due to corruption strangling the lives of people.
		There is urgent need for all right minded citizens everywhere to join hands for ensuring eradication of the seemingly uncontrollable monster of corruption and help mankind live free from anarchy and violations of human rights.
	www.indianest.com /opinion/0003.htm (2771 words)

	Election of a judge to the European Court of Human Rights with respect to Spain
		Human Rights diplomas for "Consolidating rights and guarantees – the main Human Rights challenges of the 21st century", University of Madrid (October 1998).
		Was a member of the Spanish Committee against Racism and the National Committee for the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights, as a representative of the judiciary.
		Was responsible in various types of court (civil, criminal and, in particular, administrative) for numerous decisions in which she applied human rights provisions, in particular those set out in Articles 14 ff of the 1978 Spanish Constitution under the heading “Fundamental rights and public freedoms”.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/doc02/EDOC9468.htm (5185 words)

	Terralingua -- Sign Languages, and How the Deaf (and other Sign language users) are Deprived of their Linguistic Human ...
		Human rights, especially economic and social rights, are, according to human rights lawyer Katarina Toma_evski (1996: 104), to act as correctives to the free market.
		The purpose of international human rights law is...to overrule the law of supply and demand and remove price tags from people and from necessities for their survival.
		So far, human rights instruments and discussions about both them and about educational language rights have not even started addressing these big questions in a coherent way where all types of ecology would be discussed within an integrated political and economic framework.
	www.terralingua.org /DeafHR.html (6711 words)

	Remember-Chile: General Pinochet and human rights abuses - Pinochet for Beginners
		The eternal play between idealism for the rights of the individual and the expediency of real politick was suddenly brought home and into sharp relief.
		The warrant accused the General of human rights abuses under his dictatorship, and Britain's High Court did accept that he had a prima facie case to answer.
		The evidence of massive human rights abuses by Pinochet is so overwhelming that he can only effectively be defended on the legal technicality of his claimed sovereign immunity under English and international law.
	www.remember-chile.org.uk /beginners/index.htm (2303 words)

	Spain Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The group met with the new Government and presented a human rights action plan for the country.
		Typically in the case of Romanian organized networks, women were forced into prostitution where 90 percent of their earnings were marked for the criminal network; men were often employed in low-paying construction jobs.
		The Constitution and laws ensure that all workers, except those in the military services, judges, magistrates, and prosecutors, are entitled to form or join unions of their own choosing, and workers legally in the country exercised this right in practice.
	www.nationbynation.com /Spain/Human.html (5988 words)

	Human Rights : Spain balks at turning 8 over to U.S. - religious cults and sects
		MADRID, Spain - Spain will not extradite the eight men it has charged with complicity in the Sept. 11 attacks unless the United States agrees that they would be tried by a civilian court and not by the military tribunals envisioned by President Bush, officials said Friday.
		A senior European Union official said he doubted that any of the 15 nations - all of which have renounced the death penalty and signed the European Convention on Human Rights - would agree to extradition that involved the possibility of a military trial.
		The record shows that while America portrays itself as a champion of human rights, the USA has a dismal human rights record.
	www.cultfaq.com /news1/an011128-12.html (795 words)

	Election of a judge to the European Court of Human Rights with respect to Spain
		Rapporteur at the ASEM seminar on human rights and the rule of law, presenting a report on specific regional and local aspects, Lund (Sweden), December 1997.
		At the invitation of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the American Convention on Human Rights, played an active part in the seminar on the Inter-American system of human rights protection, held in San José, Costa Rica, in March 1996.
		Has played an active part in human rights colloquies and seminars at the United Nations, especially within the framework of the meetings and activities relating to the drafting of the Statute of the International Criminal Court.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/doc02/EDOC9639.htm (2248 words)

	European Court of Human Rights - Chamber Judgments concerning Spain and Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He further contended, on the basis of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life), that the authorities' refusal to grant him visiting and staying access until his innocence had been proved had infringed his right to respect for his family life.
		In its view, from the time the matter of visiting and/or staying rights had been adjourned, the courts had had a duty, under Article 6 § 1, to act with exceptional diligence to ensure that the proceedings were conducted speedily in view of the importance of what was at stake for the applicant.
		The European Court of Human Rights was set up in Strasbourg in 1959 to deal with alleged violations of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights.
	press.coe.int /cp/2003/097a(2003).htm (1244 words)

	New Page 1
		2-"Asylum seekers who do not meet the requirements for entering Spain legally are kept at the border point until the Minister of Interior has made a decision on whether or not the claim is admissible; this is not normally applied to boat people arriving on Spanish shores".
		Reception centers are available to applicants deemed admissible, there are 24 centers offering 944 places most of the centers are run by NGOs, but supported by government money asylum seekers who are not accommodated in the reception centers may be granted a basic monthly allowance to cover living expenses.
		Recognized refugees have the right to vote in munical elections and are entitled to participate in, to a certain degree, at the local level.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /maxpages/classes/PSC651/2004/EU_Human_Rights/Spain.htm (474 words)

	Freelance Spain - Human Rights in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The 10,000-word report pointed out that there were individual cases in which some members of the security forces committed human rights abuses.
		While the Spanish government generally respected the rights of its citizens, there were problems in some areas, including cases of police brutality, lengthy pretrial detention, and delays in trials.
		One aspect of the report which became an issue during the general election campaign in March 2000 was the report's alleged lambasting of the Catalan regional government over its linguistic policy.
	www.spainview.com /human1.html (371 words)

	BRIA(15:2) Code Napoleon, Southern Black Codes, 1865, Death Penalty, Human Rights, United States
		This was defined as “the right to enjoy and to dispose of one’s property in the most absolute fashion.” Since the Industrial Revolution had not yet taken hold in France, property mainly referred to land.
		The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child bars both capital punishment and life imprisonment without the possibility of release for crimes committed by juveniles under 18 years of age.
		U.N. Commission on Human Rights: The Convention should be ratified, thus enabling the United States to comply with international law, which condemns sentencing juveniles to death or life in prison without possibility of release.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria15_2.html (6160 words)

	LLRX.com - Update to Annex: Human Rights, Country and Legal Information Resources on the Internet
		Texts of resolutions adopted by the IPU on human rights cases as of 1996.
		Annual summary of the human rights work of the UN since 1997 and of the European regime since 2000; available in English and French.
		Alerts relating to human rights violations of members of scientific community; these can be browsed by date, country or case number, or can be searched.
	www.llrx.com /features/rsd_bib2.htm (3580 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library -- Links
		Human Genome Organisation; Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Committee; Statement on DNA Sampling: Control and Access (1998).
		Human Genome Organisation; Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Committee; Statement on the Principled Conduct of Genetics Research (1996).
		Observations on the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/bioethicsngos.html (1687 words)

	Business & Human Rights: Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		OIL SPILLS: EU To Consider Blacklist Of Ships After Accident Near Spain - Following last month's oil spill off the coast of Spain, the European Commission today published a fllist of ships that could be banned from European waters and urged the European Union to prohibit the transport of heavy fuel in single-hulled tankers.
		Oil spill off Spain: FOC [flag of convenience] ship behind latest environmental disaster - An oil slick has flened 20 miles along the Spanish coast as the Bahamas flagged tanker Prestige threatened an ecological and economic disaster in a region where shellfish farming and fishing are important industries.
		Boliden says court clears it of Los Frailes crime [Spain]: Swedish mining and metals group Boliden said yesterday an appeals court in Spain had upheld a lower court decision clearing it of any crime in connection with an ecological disaster at its Los Frailes mine.
	209.238.219.111 /Spain.htm (792 words)

	Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The spirit of human dignity : all human rights for all : Fiftieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948-1998
		Project for the UN Decade for Human Rights Education and for the December 1998 celebration of the 50
		Pamphlet on the UN and human rights on the occasion of the 50
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/materials/pamphlets.htm (2163 words)

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