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Topic: Human rights in Turkmenistan

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	Human rights in Turkmenistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The human rights situation in Turkmenistan, an authoritarian state, remains extremely poor.
		In 2004, Turkmenistan was reported to have at least one political prisoner, Mukhametkuli Aimuradov.
		Human Rights In Turkmenistan (VOA) 25 October 2005
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkmenistan (597 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Human rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Human rights refers to the concept of human beings as having universal rights, or status, regardless of legal jurisdiction, and likewise other localizing factors, such as ethnicity and nationality.
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of expression, freedom of movement, the right to self-determination, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		Rights may also be non-derogable (not limited in times of national emergency); these often include the right to life, the right to be prosecuted only according to the laws that are in existence at the time of the offense, the right to be free from slavery, and the right to be free from torture.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Human_rights (1868 words)

	Human rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human rights refers to the concept of human beings as having universal rights, or status, regardless of legal jurisdiction or other localizing factors, such as ethnicity, nationality, and sex.
		The term "human rights" has replaced the term "natural rights" in popularity, because the rights are less and less frequently seen as requiring natural law for their existence.
		Human rights have historically arisen from the need to protect citizens from abuse by the state and this might suggest that all mankind has a duty to intervene and protect people wherever they are.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_rights (3905 words)

	2004 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Turkmenistan
		Turkmenistan is an authoritarian, one-party state dominated by President-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov who exercised power by retaining his monopoly on political power and on the Democratic Party, the only legally recognized political party in the country.
		Even when due process rights were observed, the authority of the government prosecutor far exceeded that of the defense attorney, and it was very difficult for the defendant to receive a fair trial.
		There were no domestic human rights monitoring groups, and government restrictions on freedom of speech, press, and association severely restricted the ability of international organizations to investigate and criticize publicly the Government's human rights policies.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41714.htm (9568 words)

	The Ultimate Human rights Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		Human rights are the standards of behavior as accepted within legal systems concerning 1) what is essential to human survival, 2) integrity and autonomy of the person, and 3) fulfillment of the human potential in society.
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, the prohibition of genocide, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of expression, freedom of movement, the right to self-determination, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		The origin of modern positive rights in international law may be traced to the creation of the International Labor Organization in 1919 as a Western response to the socialist ideology of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Human_rights (1421 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Europe and Central Asia : Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We are a coalition of nongovernmental human rights organizations that are profoundly concerned about the fate of prisoners of conscience Amankurban Amanklychev, Ogulsapar Muradova, and Sapardurdy Khajiev, who have been held incommunicado since their detention one month ago.
		Human Rights Watch, Oxfam International and Amnesty International call on a small number of “spoiler” countries to stop holding the UN World Summit hostage over crucial measures on human rights, security, genocide and poverty reduction.
		Human Rights Watch calls on the Commission on Human Rights to adopt a strong resolution condemning human rights violations by the government of Turkmenistan, one of the most repressive in the world.
	hrw.org /doc?t=europe&c=turkme (1243 words)

	Human rights at Efari United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, the prohibition of genocide, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of expression, freedom of movement, the right to, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		In the Political philosophy, human rights are held to be "inalienable" and to belong to all humans.
		Rights may also be (not limited in times of national emergency); these often include the right to life, the right to be prosecuted only according to the laws that are in existence at the time of the offense, the right to be free from slavery, and the right to be free from torture.
	www.efari.co.uk /science-and-technology/human-rights.html (1836 words)

	1996 Human Rights Report: Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Turkmenistan, a one-party state dominated by its President and his closest advisers, made little progress in moving from a Soviet-era authoritarian style of government to a democratic system.
		Turkmenistan is largely desert with cattle and sheep raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge oil and gas reserves.
		The law provides for the rights of due process for defendants, including a public trial, the right to a defense attorney, access to accusatory material, and the right to call witnesses to testify on behalf of the accused.
	www.usemb.se /human/1996/europe/turkmenistan.html (4290 words)

	Гундогар :: Lack of human rights in Turkmenistan
		I would really like to say, that Turkmenistan today does not have any problems in the human rights sphere, but alas, such a statement would be contrary to fact.
		To speak about improvements in the field of observance of human rights in Turkmenistan would be as ridiculous as to speak about success reached in the field of observance of racial equality in faschist Germany 65 years ago.
		It is virtually impossible to defend human rights in this country simply because any politician and a human rights activist has a good chance to end up in prison over this type of activity.
	www.gundogar.org /?0220042720000000000000011000000 (789 words)

	TURKMENISTAN
		However, in practice, the right to participate in political life in Turkmenistan and the actual participation of some women in government has a limited impact on decision-making processes because President Niyazov is in effective control of all branches of government.
		Turkmenistan ranks as one of the most oppressive dictatorships in the world, matching North Korea, Burma, and Sudan in its failing scores for political freedoms and civil rights.
		Turkmenistan’s record on fostering civil society stands in stark contrast to the government’s assertion in Paragraph 31 of its report that non-governmental organizations play an important and active role in determining the economic, social, and cultural policies of the state.
	iwraw.igc.org /publications/countries/turkmenistan.htm (10201 words)

	Human rights - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These rights commonly include the right to life, the right to an adequate standard of living, freedom from torture and other mistreatment, freedom of religion and of expression, freedom of movement, the right to self-determination, the right to education, and the right to participation in cultural and political life.
		A modern interpretation of the original Declaration of Human Rights was made in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action[9], adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights in 1993.
		Examples of such rights include: the rights to education, to a livelihood, to legal equality, and to alter forms of consciousness.
	www.voyager.in /Human_rights (2042 words)

	IFLA protests closure of libraries and violations of human rights in Turkmenistan - IFLA/FAIFE
		Human rights organisations report on widespread censorship of information and media that do not support the Rukhnama ideology.
		Human rights organisations report the abuses to include violations of civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights.
		The International League for Human Rights, the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights and the Memorial Human Rights Center are appealing to the UN Commission on Human Rights to address the continuing human rights violations in Turkmenistan.
	www.ifla.org /V/press/pr29-04-2005.htm (644 words)

	U.S. Sponsored Resolution on Human Rights in Turkmenistan
		The state of human rights there remains extremely poor since the last resolution was passed by the General Assembly a year ago.
		In addition, the government of Turkmenistan needs to improve its responsiveness to the international mechanisms in place to ensure protection for human rights within the country.
		Violations which stand in the way of Turkmenistan being a true democracy that embraces the ideals of freedom, and respects the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms for which this body strives.
	www.state.gov /p/io/57378.htm (606 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Human Rights Watch (HRW) and its Executive Director, Kenneth Roth have faced an unprecedented barrage of public criticism in the wake of the Lebanon war, focused on the credibility of the NGO's research and its determination to distort...
		Also, "human rights" refer to small subset of values that should be available for implementation by individual, other individuals, or government.
		The Cyrus (early Persian king) Cylinder is recognised as the first document of human rights; according to the cylinder's transcripts it states that the Persian Empire freely lets the people of the empire practise their own religious beliefs.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/human_rights (2822 words)

	Turkmenistan Main - Human Rights - Sierra Club (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan -- where President-for-Life Saparmurat Niyazov runs a Stalinesque dictatorship -- local environmentalist Farid Tukhbatullin, 41, had been sentenced to three years in prison for attending a human rights meeting outside the country.
		Human rights advocates worry that he might be tortured or abused in prison, where conditions are harsh.
		Despite Turkmenistan's wretched human rights record, the Bush administration (surprised?), multinational corporations and neighboring governments have expressed interest in Niyazov's plan for a $3 billion pipeline to send natural gas to Afghanistan, Pakistan and possibly India.
	www.sierraclub.org /human-rights/turkmenistan (678 words)

	Turkmenistan - Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		President Niyazov has stated his support for the democratic ideal of a multiparty system and of protection of human rights, with the caveat that such rights protect stability, order, and social harmony.
		Their rights to privacy are violated through telephone tapping, electronic eavesdropping, reading of mail, and surveillance.
		United States officials have protested human rights violations by refusing to sign aid agreements with Turkmenistan and by advising against economic aid and cooperation.
	countrystudies.us /turkmenistan/30.htm (253 words)

	Turkmenistan Human Rights
		Turkmenistan, a one-party state dominated by its president and his closest advisers, made little progress in moving from a
		Turkmenistan is largely a desert with cattle and sheep raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated areas, and huge oil and gas
		rights abuses, and the authorities in particular severely restricted political and civil liberties.
	www.nationbynation.com /Turkmenistan/Human.html (6077 words)

	TURKMENISTAN Human Rights Links
		Turkmenistan Report on Human Rights Practices for 2002
		Testimony on the state of democracy and human rights in Turkmenistan - from March 21, 2000 hearings before the Helsinki Commission
		Helsinki Commission report on Human Rights and Democratization in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (March, 2000)
	www.eurasianet.org /resource/turkmenistan/links/rights.shtml (203 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN Asia News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		KATHMANDU, 9 Aug 2006 (IRIN) - Rights groups are concerned that the government and Maoists have failed to address the demobilisation, disarming and reintegration (DDR) of hundreds of child soldiers during Nepal's peace process.
		KATHMANDU, 27 Jul 2006 (IRIN) - Human rights lawyers and activists in Nepal are concerned that the country's peace process will fail to recognise that torture is a crime and deliver justice for its victims.
		Amankurban Amanklychev was detained on 16 June and Ogulsapar Muradova and Sapardurdy Khajiev on 18 June, according to Human Rights Watch.
	www.irinnews.org /AsiaFp.asp?SelectTheme=Human_Rights (568 words)

	Please Support Geldy
		Human Rights in Turkmenistan - (material supplied by Sara Drake, Ph D, of the USA)
		He spent more than two years in a psychiatric hospital and now intends to file a lawsuit against the Government of Turkmenistan for five million dollars.
		He credits his release on the action of 54 members of the US Congress who sent letters to President Niyazov in April calling for his release.
	www.gsuttle.free-online.co.uk /geldy_turkmenistan_human_rights.htm (309 words)

	HUMAN RIGHTS IN TURKESTAN
		Western leaders who are the fans of human rights and democracy can not oppose our dicatators in the face of this stability card.
		Of course Turkey is right in considering Uzbekistan as brother, and so its president Karimov.However, people who are suffering under the oppression of "brother Karimov" are also your brothers.
		Uzbek human rights activist and freelance RFE/RL correspondent Albert Mousin was detained on 24 February by Moscow police at the request of Uzbek authorities, RFE/RL reported the same day.
	www.euronet.nl /users/turkfed/erk.html (1521 words)

	Turkmenistan: Amnesty International's Human Rights Concerns
		Turkmenistan: Open letter from a coalition of human rights organizations
		Turkmenistan: Prisoner of conscience Kakabay Tedzhenov continues to be forcibly confined in psychiatric hospital
		Turkmenistan: Appeal case: Government attempts to silence the Turkmenistan Helsinki Foundation
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/turkmenistan/index.do (125 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
		Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflicts
		Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/research/ratification-turkmenistan.html (855 words)

	Turkmenistan.
		Mindful that Turkmenistan is a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
		Reaffirming that no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention and that everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing, by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of their rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against them,
		Expresses its concern at the restrictions imposed on the realization of the right of everyone to education by the introduction of measures by the Government of Turkmenistan which have drastically reduced the number of years of compulsory education and the number of university places;
	www.4humanrights.org /tm/tm_index__eng.shtml (768 words)

	Turkmenistan - Commission on Human Rights
		The Commission adopted by recorded vote - 23 in favour, 16 opposed, 14 abstentions - a resolution on the situation of human rights in Turkmenistan (2003/11).
		The Commission urged the government to release immediately and unconditionally all prisoners of conscience.
		The Commission decided to continue consideration of the situation in Turkmenistan at its 2004 session.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord2003/vol3/turkmenistanchr.htm (123 words)

	AllRefer.com - Comoros - Human Rights \| Comoran Information Resource
		In 1979 the government adopted a new constitution that failed to provide for basic human rights, but instead includes them in a preamble as a goal of the Seychellois people.
		René has also intimidated dissidents and opponents by threatening to invoke the Public Security Act, which allows for indefinite detention in security cases.
		By the early 1990s, the Seychellois human rights record had improved somewhat as the government adopted a less belligerent attitude toward dissidents and opposition groups.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/comoros/comoros61.html (246 words)

	Human & Con. Rights, Turkmenistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Located in central Asia, Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan.
		IHF Homepage - International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
		Guide to Law Online (from the Law Library of Congress)
	www.hrcr.org /national/t_z/turkmenistan.html (40 words)

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