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Topic: Human serotonin transporter gene

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	NIMH · Science News from 2003 · Mutant Gene Linked to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
		The combination of these changes, both of which increase serotonin transport by themselves, may explain the unusual severity and treatment resistence of the illnesses in the subjects and their siblings.
		The transporter protein, by recycling serotonin, regulates its concentration in a gap, or synapse, and thus its effects on a receiving neuron’s receptor.
		By examining the serotonin transporter gene’s mutation and flawed regulation in individuals with OCD, the new research provides insights on transporter function and on the consequences of the variant, which may lead to tests to identify and treat mental illness.
	www.nimh.nih.gov /Press/prmutationa.cfm (1000 words)

	Anger Gene
		A gene containing the 44bp insertion in the transcriptional control region is considered to be the “long” form of the allele and a gene with the 44bp section deleted from the transcriptional control region is considered to be the “short” form of the allele.
		In contrast, Dr. Redford Williams’ research indicates that those with the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene exhibited higher blood pressures and had greater heart rate responses to a mental stress protocol when compared to subjects that were homozygous for the short allele of the gene.
		Furthermore, biologists are currently making an effort to depart from the one gene, one protein, one phenotype model to clarify the notion that phenotypes are produced by a variety of factors (both genetic and environmental) and that the expression of many traits is determined by the interaction of several genes.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/genomics/2004/Cobain/angergene.html (1727 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Human serotonin transporter gene
		The transporter protein, by recycling serotonin, regulates its concentration in a gap, or synapse, and thus its effects on a receiving neuron’s receptor.
		In humans, the serotonin transporter is encoded by the human serotonin transporter gene (hSERT).
		Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with a complex neuropsychiatric phenotype.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/HSERT (464 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research - The study of genetic polymorphisms related to serotonin in ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hyperserotonemia and platelet serotonin uptake in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
		Obsessive compulsive disorder, response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin transporter gene.
		Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and bipolar affective disorder.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000400014&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en (2577 words)

	Cyclic AMP-independent Up-regulation of the Human Serotonin Transporter by Staurosporine in Choriocarcinoma Cells -- ...
		It is concluded that staurosporine up-regulates the serotonin transport activity in JAR cells by increasing the steady state levels of the serotonin transporter mRNA and by the consequent increase in the transporter density in the plasma membrane and that the process involves a cAMP-independent signaling pathway.
		Human placental choriocarcinoma cells express a serotonin transporter which is identical to the transporter present in normal tissues(4).
		It has been speculated that the transporter is involved in the clearance of the vasoactive monoamine serotonin from the intervillous space and in the transplacental transfer of serotonin to the developing fetus (33, 34, 35).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/29/17189?ijkey=pQWk6iTos1CHg (5818 words)

	Gene may bias amygdala response to frightful faces
		Subjects who inherited one or two copies of the short variant of the human serotonin transporter gene experienced greater activation of the amygdala (circled in white) when shown pictures of scary faces than those with two copies of the long variant of the gene.
		By showing how a variation in a gene exerts its influence on the brain's center for fear processing, this finding may lend credence to earlier reports linking the short gene variant to slightly higher levels of anxiety.
		Those with one or two copies of the short gene variant showed greater activation of the amygdala on the right side of the brain, which is specialized for processing faces.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-07/niom-gmb071602.php (777 words)

	SARRC - Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center
		The differences in gene variant outcomes of children with autism in Europe (Italy, specifically) vs. those in North America may be the result of an increased use of organophosphates (OPs) used in pesticides and indoor insecticides in North America.
		The conclusion of the study did show that there were differences in the association of PON1 genes in Italian and North American families, thus showing that the development of autism in North America may in fact be the result of a genetic vulnerability in addition to this environmental OP exposure.
		Thus, the serotonin transporter 5-HTT, seemingly exerts only a small effect on the serotonin blood levels in children with autism, and cannot be substantiated as the result of higher serotonin levels in these patients.
	www.autismcenter.org /research_studies_past.aspx (2113 words)

	Gene Mutation Linked to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
		The combination of these changes, both of which increase serotonin transport by themselves, may explain the unusual severity and treatment resistence of the illnesses in the subjects and their siblings.
		Serotonin transporters allow neurons, platelets, and other cells to accumulate the chemical neurotransmitter serotonin, which affects emotions and drives.
		By examining the serotonin transporter gene’s mutation and flawed regulation in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder, the new research provides insights on transporter function and on the consequences of the variant, which may lead to tests to identify and treat mental illness.
	www.neuropsychiatryreviews.com /feb04/npr_feb04_genes.html (567 words)

	Serotonin Genes and Unipolar Depression -- Neurotransmitter.net
		Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to mood disorders.
		In this case-control study we investigated whether the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene encoding the protein responsible for the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse after its release from serotonergic neurons is a susceptibility factor for suicidal behavior.
		Of the 14 human serotonin (5-HT) receptors, the 5-HT(6) receptor may be a candidate for the study of MDD because of its relative abundance in certain limbic areas and its high affinity to several antidepressants.
	www.neurotransmitter.net /serotoningenetic.html (17394 words)

	Allelic isoforms and decrease in serotonin transporter mRNA in lymphocytes of patients with major depression.
		Serotonin transporter, measured by the specific binding of [(3)H]paroxetine, has been reported to be reduced in circulating lymphocytes of patients with major depression.
		The DNA was submitted to polymerase chain reaction with primers for the 5′ regulatory region of human serotonin transporter, which could show the long and the short allelic forms of the transporter gene for the 5HTTLPR polymorphism.
		The reduction in lymphocyte serotonin transporter described in major depression might be due to a decrease in the level of its mRNA and in the number of cells expressing it.
	www.counsellingresource.com /medications-research/2005/09/18/allelic-isoforms-and-decrease-in-serotonin-transporter-mrna-in-lymphocytes-of-patients-with-major-depression (524 words)

	Mood, food, and anxiety -The serotonin transporter gene
		The gene involved in transporting serotonin resides on chromosome 17 and has been linked to depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
		Slight differences in the genome near the transporter gene have been identified in humans; this variation lies in the so-called promoter region that regulates the gene's activity.
		Anxiety traits associated with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region in the Japanese.
	www.banchanida.com /foodnmood/030.html (511 words)

	Ole Mortensen
		The biogenic monoamine transporters are the primary mechanism for clearance of their respective neurotransmitter from the extracellular space and serve as important regulators of signal amplitude and duration at synapses.
		These drugs either block transport of substrates as is the case for SSRIs and cocaine, or are carrier substrates, such as amphetamines, which both inhibit uptake and stimulate efflux of intracellular neurotransmitter.
		One mechanism for acute presynaptic regulation of dopamine transport is modulation of transporter number through the trafficking of carriers to and from the cell surface.
	www.neurobio.pitt.edu /faculty/mortensen.htm (617 words)

	The Pulmonary Hypertensive Fawn-hooded Rat Has a Normal Serotonin Transporter Coding Sequence -- Gonzalez et al. 19 ...
		Platelet serotonin uptake and leakage in Wistar and FH rats
		Chronic D-fenfluramine decreases serotonin transporter messenger RNA expression in dorsal raphe nucleus.
		Polymorphism in serotonin transporter gene associated with susceptibility to major depression.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/2/245 (2214 words)

	Serotonin Transporters: Implications for Antidepressant Drug Development
		Interestingly, the increase in 5-HT transport was not associated with an increased expression of SERT at the cell surface.
		Human studies have shown that serum BDNF levels in antidepressant-naïve depressed patients are lower than those in antidepressant-treated patients or healthy controls.
		63. Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996;274:1527-1531.
	www.aapsj.org /view.asp?art=aapsj070242 (8406 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Serotonin transporter
		The gene that encode the serotonin transporter is called solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 (SLC6A4).
		There is a number of other names for this gene, e.g., in humans it may be referred to as hSERT.
		The promotor region of the SLC6A4 gene contains a polymorphism with "short" and "long" repeats in a region: 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Serotonin_transporter (433 words)

	"The OCD Gene"
		The human SERT gene, located on chromosome 17, codes for a serotonin transporter protein, used in the brain.
		This gene is organized into 14 exons, which produce a transmembrane protein with 12 membrane-spanning domains (Figure 1).
		In contrast to the popular press article, the title of this paper – “Serotonin transporter missense mutation associated with complex neuropsychiatric phenotype” – succinctly summarizes the findings of the research, leaving no question about the results of the study and allowing no wild extrapolations from the reader.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/genomics/2004/Wheless/SERT.html (1100 words)

	Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants associated with autism? -- Klauck et al. 6 (13): 2233 -- Human Molecular ...
		An association study was performed to elucidate the role of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene as a susceptibility factor for autism as treatment of patients with antidepressant drugs which selectively target 5-HTT reduced autistic or concomitant symptoms, such as repetitive behavior and aggression, and ameliorate language use.
		The potential role of the serotonergic system in the etiology of autism is still under investigation but several serotonin transporter (5-HTT) re-uptake inhibitors have been demonstrated to be partially successful in treatment of autistic symptoms such as repetitive behavior, aggression and language use (12,13).
		Functional gene expression studies of 5-HTT clearly demonstrated that the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR is responsible for increased expression and uptake of 5-HT into JAR human placental choriocarcinoma cells and human lymphoblastoid cell lines (17 -19,26).
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/13/2233 (4233 words)

	Barrel Pattern Formation Requires Serotonin Uptake by Thalamocortical Afferents, and Not Vesicular Monoamine Release -- ...
		Human serotonin transporter variants display altered sensitivity to protein kinase G and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
		Developmental disruption of serotonin transporter function impairs cerebral responses to whisker stimulation in mice
		Expression and function of 5-HT3 receptors in the enteric neurons of mice lacking the serotonin transporter
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/short/21/17/6862 (563 words)

	The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphism
		Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and bipolar affective disorder.
		Serotonin transporter protein (SLC6A4) allele and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibria in African- and European-American and Japanese populations and in alcohol-dependent subjects.
		Serotonin transporter gene and risk for bipolar affective disorder: an association study in a Spanish population.
	www.qimr.edu.au /davidD/SLC6A4/SLC6A4.html (2345 words)

	Serotonin Transporter Research -- Neurotransmitter.net (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters are the only two members of the neurotransmitter transporter family endogenously expressed in the cell membrane of the same cells, placental syncytiotrophoblasts, we tested the ability of norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters to associate and function in a hetero-oligomeric form.
		IL-1beta is an activator of the serotonin transporter gene expression in JAR human placental choriocarcinoma cells as demonstrated by an increase in the steady-state levels of the transporter mRNA and in serotonin transport activity.
		Recently plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), a transporter from the SLC29 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter) family, was shown to transport in vitro monoaminergic neurotransmitters, in particular dopamine and serotonin, nearly as efficiently as the high-affinity transporters.
	neurotransmitter.net /reuptake.html (16644 words)

	Info on Health, Medical News, Healthy Living, Healthy Eating, Health News, Diet, Cancer, Cholesterol, Depression, ...
		The gene - a 'short' variant of the human serotonin transporter gene - has also been linked to autism and manic depression.
		Previous studies have found that the more outgoing a person is the stronger their amygdala's response tends to be to happy expressions when they are being shown photographs of people who are smiling and laughing.
		The scientists found that people with the 'short' version of the key gene expressed more fear during the experiment, strengthening the theory that it is involved in anxiety.
	www.iconocast.com /News_Files/HNews9XG_X_05/Health6.htm (600 words)

	AutismConnect - Genetic mutation found causing obsessive-compulsive disorder
		The gene is called the human serotonin transporter gene, hSERT, and helps to control how the body uses serotonin, a message-carrying chemical or neurotransmitter linked with mood.
		Some anxiety drugs and antidepressants target serotonin, but the researchers said that patients with the mutations were not helped by these drugs.
		A specific mutation in the hSERT gene was seen in two patients with OCD and their families, but not in other patients.
	www.autismconnect.org /news.asp?itemtype=news§ion=000100010001&page=15&id=5093 (379 words)

	Anxiety Disorder - Serotonin transporter gene variation correlates with soci...
		Anxiety Disorder - Serotonin transporter gene variation correlates with soci...
		Serotonin transporter gene variation correlates with social phobia severity.
		CDKN2A/ARF gene mutation insignificant risk of FMM or MM in cancer aggregates
	www.newsrx.com /newsletters/Genomics-and-Genetics-Weekly/2004-08-06/0806200433312JW.html (202 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation Is a Risk Factor for Sudden...
		Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation Is a Risk Factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in the Japanese...
		Cholera toxin gene expression was restricted to CNS neurons.
	www.mavena.co.uk /serotoningeneexpression-6220 (324 words)

	FuturePundit: August 2003 Archives
		Further studies are needed to understand the influence of the serotonin transporter gene on drinking behavior, with special attention given to replication in other ethnic groups.
		The serotonin transporter gene codes for the protein in neurons, brain cells, that recycles the chemical messenger after it's been secreted into the synapse, the gulf between cells.
		Also, they should test the serotonin transporter genes of their children and the other parents of their children to see if there are any obvious patterns at work.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/2003_08.html (16800 words)

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