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Topic: Human species

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	Hominid Species
		The time of the split between humans and living apes used to be thought to have occurred 15 to 20 million years ago, or even up to 30 or 40 million years ago.
		It is the intersection of the disciplines of paleontology (the study of ancient lifeforms) and anthropology (the study of humans).
		This species is known from a nearly complete cranium nicknamed Toumai, and a number of fragmentary lower jaws and teeth.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/species.html (3114 words)

	Human - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human evolution is characterized by a number of important physiological trends, including the expansion of the brain cavity and brain itself, which is typically 1,400 cm³ in volume, over twice that of a chimpanzee or gorilla.
		Human beings are one of only six species to pass the mirror test—which tests whether an animal recognizes its reflection as an image of itself—along with chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, dolphins and possibly pigeons.
		Humanism is a philosophy which defines a socio-political doctrine the bounds of which are not constrained by those of locally developed cultures, but which seeks to include all of humanity and all issues common to human beings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human (6915 words)

	Human Evolution - MSN Encarta
		Humans and the so-called great apes (large apes) of Africa—chimpanzees (including bonobos, or so-called pygmy chimpanzees) and gorillas—share a common ancestor that lived sometime between 8 million and 6 million years ago.
		Ancestral human species adapted to new environments as their genes changed, altering their anatomy (physical body structure), physiology (bodily functions, such as digestion), and behavior.
		Humans belong to the scientific order named Primates, a group of over 230 species of mammals that also includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566394/Human_Evolution.html (1234 words)

	Why Are There So Many of Us?
		Human beings are "anaplastic" in the sense that they are physically not highly differentiated among themselves, and increasing contact among all groups accelerates the loss of both physical and cultural differences among individual members of the species.
		A chief tendency of the human species is to simplify ecosystems everywhere.
		The human species is capable of regulating its fertility and population growth, it is capable of restoring environments and saving other species from extinction, and it is capable of living in harmony with the rest of the ecosystem.
	www.drhern.com /fulltext/why/paper.html (7188 words)

	human species, origins of
		The African apes (gorilla and chimpanzee) are shown by anatomical and molecular comparisons to be the closest living relatives of humans.
		Modern humans are all believed to descend from one African female of 200,000 years ago, although there is a rival theory that humans evolved in different parts of the world simultaneously.
		The remains of a new species of human, Homo floresiensis, were discovered in 2004 in the Liang Bua limestone caves on Flores Island, Indonesia.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006821.html (1109 words)

	Human - Memory Alpha
		The Human species (Homo sapiens) is one of two known spacefaring intelligent species to have originated from the planet Earth.
		They have two sexes, as is common to many humanoid species, with the female of the species fertile once a month after she reaches puberty (between the age of 12-16) until the onset of a biochemical stage known as menopause (between the age of 45-55).
		The make-up of Human DNA structure is significant, as, with some modifications, it allows them to cross breed successfully with a wide range of other races across the galaxy, including Vulcans, Klingons, and Betazoids.
	www.memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Human (839 words)

	Australopitchecus Garhi: New Human Species Discovered
		Earlier this year, a team of Ethiopian, American, and Japanese researchers announced their discovery of the cranial and tooth remains of a previously unknown hominid that may be a direct human ancestor and an evolutionary link between the ape-man of Africa,
		or another species, their relative limb proportions are between those of apes and humans.
		and lack the specialized cranial characters of the robust ape-men of eastern and southern Africa.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/humanancestor.html (378 words)

	Tiny new species of human found
		The hobbit-like humans, who had skulls about the size of grapefruits, lived with pygmy elephants and Komodo dragons on a remote island in Indonesia as recently as 13,000 years ago, National Geographic News reported.
		The tiny human is believed to be an extinct Asian offshoot of Homo erectus, the forerunners of Homo sapiens, as modern man is called.
		But, he should be classified as a separate species of Homo, as he was entirely different from either Homo erectus or Homo sapiens, a report in the British science journal Nature said.
	www.rediff.com /news/2004/oct/28human.htm (409 words)

	The Topic of the Human Species Guild Revisited Six Years Later
		Many human factors that are simply taken for granted are not thought of as superpowers – such as insightful thinking and deduction, intuition that foresees outcomes, problem identification and solving, and that type of clairvoyance (sometimes called “hunches” or “gut-feelings”) that can assess whatever is invisible to the physical senses.
		Regarding research and development of human superpowers, a potential human species guild would have to establish at least some kind of focus as to what might save the human species from its lower-order, often absymal proclivities within which evidence of FUNCTIONAL human superpowers is nil.
		Thus, conventional human history is not much more than the history of this smaller fraction of our species, and as such is NOTHING resembling the real history of mankind – because that real history needs to incorporate the magnitudes of the unbearable suffering of the majority born into life.
	www.biomindsuperpowers.com /Pages/speciesguildrevisited.html (4664 words)

	WWF - Human - Animal Conflict
		Tiger prey species are also killed by villagers in retaliation for destroying essential crops, further exacerbating the problem by reducing the availability of the tiger’s natural source of food.
		Wild sheep and goats, the natural prey of species such as the snow leopard, have been hunted out of many areas in the central Asian mountains, and growing human and livestock populations are putting increasing pressure on the remaining leopards and their prey.
		However, attacks on humans do not appear to be a result of predatory behaviour, but rather a result of the bear defending itself, its cubs or a carcass against humans.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/species/problems/human_animal_conflict/index.cfm (1942 words)

	FHA - A Species In Denial Reviews & Publicity
		SPECIES in Denial is a continuation of Jeremy Griffith’s previous’ Beyond the Human Condition which I reviewed when first published, as making a landmark in the understanding of the present crises in human relationships both at the personal level and in crosscultural affairs.
		The book deals with the human propensity for good and evil, asking why humans are competitive and aggressive when the ideals are to be co-operative and loving, and says that we have coped with such a contradictory condition by living in denial of it.
		If the progress of the species is compared with the development of the individual, as he or she passes through childhood and adolescence, the angst in the cave is a sign that homo sapiens has yet to achieve adulthood.
	www.humancondition.info /ASpeciesInDenialReviews.html (11869 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Paranthropus robustus
		Adaptations of the cranium were associated with a "heavy-chewing comnplex." This complex is thought to have made it possible for these early humans to eat large amounts of tough, fibrous foods.
		As such, many researchers began to place all early human species into a single genus (Australopithecus) and described each species as either a "gracile" or "robust" Australopith (see the robust debate).
		Many favor the separation of these species into a robust genus of early human, for which the name Paranthropus was the first used, and therfore has seniority over all other names.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/rob.htm (404 words)

	Future of the Human Species
		The crux of the argument for eugenics is that a host of technological, cultural, and social developments conspired to give rise to negative selection of the weakest, least intelligent, sickest, the habitually criminal, the sexually deviant, the mentally-ill, and the least adapted.
		Decreasing infant and childhood mortality rates do not necessarily mean that natural selection in the human species no longer operates.
		They accept the premise that the contribution of natural selection to the makeup of future human generations is glacial and negligible.
	www.natureofscience.com /futureofthehumanspecies.htm (1897 words)

	African Eve, Eurasian Adam: Age and Origin of the Human Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		If the speciation event took place in Eurasia, we would expect that the descendant population would show a "bottleneck" effect, and that those populations would possess low genetic diversity today, relative to central Africans, which is what we find.
		The evidence indicates that humans came from a sparse population in Eurasia; that their diversity was further reduced by the speciation event; that they subsequently expanded in every habitable direction; and that they interbred with the populations they came in contact with, producing extant hybrid populations.
		It is a nonsense to suggest that the first groups of humans "out of Africa" immediately migrated to the ends of the earth (Andamans, Australia, New Guinea etc.) or that the populations of all such remote places should possess such diversified and similar genomes by chance.
	www.heretical.com /science/rafonda1.html (2642 words)

	News in Science - Death of Y may spawn new human species - 10/08/2006
		The pending demise of the Y chromosome could give rise to a whole new species of human, a professor of comparative genomics says.
		She will tell the conference that new 'male making' genes on other chromosomes could step up to do the job of the Y chromosome's SRY gene, which is the key to making males male.
		Eventually the group with the new gene would separate from the Y gene group, potentially evolving into a new species, she says.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1710838.htm (708 words)

	DISCUSSION OF BLOOD GROUPS AND THE HUMAN SPECIES
		That there was a group of “pure” humans, not directly related to the evolutionary processes on Earth, is a distinct possibility.
		This reasoning would suggest that the original humans on our planet where not directly related to the apes, but at some point were “MADE” or “genetically engineered” to give such impression.
		The pH balance of the human bloodstream is recognized by all medical physiology texts as one of the most important biochemical balances in all of human body chemistry.
	www.think-aboutit.com /health/DISCUSSIONOFBLOODGROUPSANDTHHUMANSPECIES,htm.dwt (2172 words)

	Evolution expert fears human species will be split into two sub-species
		One of these species will acquire characteristics of being tall, healthy, attractive, intelligent and creative, while the other will be short, ugly and dim-witted creatures.
		Ultimately, by the year 102,000, the species would have split into two distinct sub-species of genetic haves and genetic have-nots, he predicted.
		Curry says the human species will peak in their physical capabilities by the year 3000 when their average heights will be between six feet and seven feet.
	www.earthtimes.org /articles/show/9541.html (731 words)

	ScienceDaily: Help Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		MRI Detects Early Heart Damage In Patients With Sarcoidosis (November 15, 2006) -- To detect heart damage early in patients with the immune system disorder sarcoidosis, who are at elevated risk of dying from heart problems, magnetic resonance imaging is twice as sensitive as...
		Gene Silencing Technology Is Quietly Moving Toward The Clinic (November 15, 2006) -- The gene silencing technology showcased in the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is on an amazingly fast track toward use in treating a variety of serious diseases, according to an article...
		Pattern Of Human Ebola Outbreaks Linked To Wildlife And Climate (November 15, 2006) -- A visiting biologist at the University of California, San Diego and her colleagues in Africa and Britain have shown that there are close linkages between outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in human...
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/fossils_ruins/human_evolution (1165 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| 'Hobbit' joins human family tree
		Scientists have discovered a new and tiny species of human that lived in Indonesia at the same time our own ancestors were colonising the world.
		What is surprising about this is that this species must have made it to Flores by boat.
		The last evidence of this human at Liang Bua dates to just before 12,000 years ago, when a volcanic eruption snuffed out much of Flores' unique wildlife.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3948165.stm (928 words)

	Powell's Books - Planetary Overload: Global Environmental Change and the Health of the Human Species by A J Mcmichael
		The human species faces a new threat to its health--perhaps to its survival.
		Increasing population and consumption, and the spread of technology, are overloading Earth's capacity to replenish and repair itself.
		The human species faces a new kind of threat to its health - perhaps to its longer-term survival.
	www.powells.com /biblio?PID=23322&cgi=product&isbn=0521457599 (579 words)

	Our Species Mated With Other Human Species, Study Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the human origins debate, which has been highly charged for at least 15 years, there is a consensus among scientists that Homo erectus, the precursor to modern humans, originated in Africa and expanded to Eurasia beginning around 1.7 million years ago.
		The first is whether modern humans evolved solely in Africa and then spread outward, or evolved concurrently in several places around the world.
		The second area of controversy is whether modern humans completely replaced archaic forms of humans, or whether the process was one of assimilation, with interbreeding between the two groups.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/03/0306_0306_outofafrica.html (571 words)

	Species Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The chronological chart below shows the main Hominid species (apes in blue, human species in red) and their approximate relationships in time, based on currently available evidence.
		Below the chart are the species names in a list.
		Click on a species to find more information about each one.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /vwsu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/timeline/timeline.html (48 words)

	Human Impact On Ancient India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Describe six major characteristics of the Paleolithic Age which had a dramatic impact on the human population...
		...pathological alterations observed on human skeletal remains from 3rd and 2nd millennia bc.....Archaeological and environmental evidence for the Roman impact on vegetation near...
		It is not surprising that thinkers as diverse as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Mahatma Gandhi have found inspiration in The Bhagavad Gita, the great HINDU religious poem.
	www.nagpurbusiness.com /human-impact-on-ancient-india.html (224 words)

	Amazon.com: Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and How They Shape the Human Species: Books: Sarah Hrdy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		If you're a woman who values your full human potential as much as, or more, than your ability to populate, and if anyone has ever tried to make you feel guilty about such an "unnatural" set of priorities, this is the book for you.
		Her aim is to encourage fuller knowledge of where humans are placed in the realm of the animal kingdom.
		Hrdy has studied this and related aspects of motherhood among many species, and expresses her own shock at the discovery of primate infanticide.
	www.amazon.com /Mother-Nature-Maternal-Instincts-Species/dp/0345408934 (2818 words)

	Long Foreground - Species Timeline - Homo habilis - 1
		Homo habilis is the earliest known species of the genus Homo; that is, the first human species.
		The reconstructed skull pictured above was found in 1972 on the shores of Lake Turkana and represents the oldest individual human yet discovered.
		The background of the photo shows the kind of environment in which this earliest-known human species lived--open bush and savannah country in east Africa.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /vwsu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/timeline/habilis/habilis-a.html (158 words)

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