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	Human torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These were electrically propelled torpedoes with two crewmen equipped with diving suits riding astride.
		In operation the torpedo was carried by another vessel (usually a normal submarine), and launched near the target.
		Most manned torpedo operations were at night and during the new moon to cut down the risk of being seen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_torpedo (1528 words)

	World War 2 Submarines
		The submarine's main weapon is the torpedo, an underwater missile which advances rapidly in a shallow depth, and when it hits the target ship its powerful warhead explodes underwater, so severely damaging the ship that it often sank rapidly by the flow of water into it, and often went ablaze or even exploded.
		The only problem was that most torpedo engines released air bubbles which revealed the position of the attacking submarine to the attacked ship's escorts and they hurried to attack the submarine with depth charges (underwater bombs), gunfire, and even by ramming.
		The success rate of all these weapons was significantly lower than that of the original Italian human torpedo, which allowed the divers to silently reach the target ships, precisely attach large time delay warheads, and escape before a series of explosions revealed their visit to the surprised defenders.
	www.2worldwar2.com /submarines-2.htm (1241 words)

	Marder Human Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The basic form was of two superimposed torpedoes, the top one equipped with a cockpit sovered with a plexiglass canopy, the lower one the weapon itself.
		Once within range the underslung torpedo was triggered and released, pilot and manned torpedo veering away for the return journey to base.
		In the early stages of the weapon's use, one third of missions undertaken resulted in the death of the pilot.
	www.uboatwar.net /marder.htm (234 words)

	Japanese Navy Ship Types--Kaiten type Human Torpedoes
		"Kaiten" type human torpedoes were the first Japanese "Special Attack" weapons, vehicles whose operational use involved the certain death of the crew, though their first successful employment followed that of the "Kamikaze" suicide aircraft by about a month.
		Proposals for human torpedoes were made in 1943 and were approved in early 1944, initially with provision for the survival of the operator.
		On 20 November 1944, a submarine-launched "Kaiten" penetrated the U.S. anchorage at Ulithi, in the Caroline Islands, and sank the oiler USS Mississinewa (AO-59).
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-fornv/japan/japtp-ss/kaiten.htm (788 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log--Human Torpedos
		The Italian 2 man Torpedo was carried on the deck of a Submarine, and was 21 inches in diameter, 22 feet long with a 500 pound explosive detachable head.
		The Italian Frogmen manning their human Torpedoes named their craft "Pigs." They were ridden astride by the two man crew, at a speed of only 3 knots over a range of 16 miles.
		The torpedo rudder was controlled by means of a short joy stick which moved left or right for turning, and fore and aft to control diving or rising through the hydroplanes.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /Underwater/25HumanTorpedoes.html (1300 words)

	Maggiore Teseo Tesei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With a four-foot gash in her bow and a fouled propeller, the motor torpedo boat had to be left behind but shortly after the others boats reached point B they were joined by 451, which had managed to free she.
		At 2.00am the MTL led formation towards the St.Elmo Bridge and at the planned distant of 1000 meters, the engines were stopped and the human torpedoes cast off, the time was 3.00am, later than planned.
		The most dramatic relic of all lies alongside the Harbour entrance the destroyed section of the steel bridge was removed together with the undamaged span and not replaced, however the rusty iron piers from the centre section remains almost a memorial to Maggiore Tesei who died on this very spot and to his courageous comrades.
	louishenwood.com /ital.html (1583 words)

	Torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the term "torpedo" was not coined until 1800, the early submarine Turtle attacked using an explosive very similar in intent and operation to Fulton's "torpedoes." The "Turtle" would dive under a British vessel and attach a bomb by means of an auger.
		The first European prototypes of a self-propelled torpedo were created by Giovanni Luppis, an Austrian naval officer (though ethnically Italian) from Fiume (today Rijeka, Croatia), a port city of the Austrian Empire.
		Some torpedoes such as the Russian VA-111 Shkval or the German Barracuda also use supercavitation to increase their speed to over 200 knots (370 km/h); compare e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Torpedo (3627 words)

	[No title]
		Two Human Rights Watch researchers visited the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver for four days in April 2003, beginning on day six of the police crackdown commonly referred to as Operation Torpedo.
		Human Rights Watch conducted in-person interviews with twenty-six injection drug users, twelve providers of services to the injection drug users, two university-based researchers, and two members of the Vancouver city council.
		Human Rights Watch also observed police conduct on the streets of the Downtown Eastside at all hours of the day and night.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/canada/canada0503-02.htm (179 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Magazine \| The real world behind James Bond
		The Italians had created special torpedoes that could be piloted by frogmen to their target, either from the beach of submarines.
		In the film SPECTRE baddie Emilio Largo uses underwater doors and human torpedoes as the means to smuggle stolen nuclear weapons off his naturally luxurious yacht, the Disco Volante.
		There is a wonderful exhibit of an Italian Human Torpedo in the entrance of the Naval Museum in Venice which also has a lovely story associated with the successful scuppering of an English warship at Gibralta.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/magazine/4306221.stm (1434 words)

	The Human Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was a torpedo, which needed to carry a man inside to guide it to an enemy target.
		Eighty of the young men chosen for the suicide missions died in action, blown to pieces by the TNT packed into the warhead of their torpedo.
		When a torpedo carried a special friend of his to death, Norio was deeply moved.
	www.japanmission.org /fr/st/fr_st_tht.htm (668 words)

	Comando Supremo: Naval Assault Units
		The idea of a manned torpedo was furnished from previous manned torpedo actions that occurred in both the Revolutionary War and World War One.
		Italian frogmen secretly replaced the crew with divers and technicians and built a workshop to house, build and maintain human torpedos.
		Replacement torpedos were shipped from Italy disguised as boiler tubes.
	www.comandosupremo.com /Decima.html (673 words)

	Neger Human Torpedo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Consisiting of two G7e torpedoes superimposed one on top of the other, the top torpedo was partially emptied of electrics and had its warhead removed to allow the installation of a basic cockpit and create enough buoyancy to carry the second torpedo.
		Crewed by volunteers from any service the Neger was equipped with a plexiglass canopy through which the pilot aimed his weapon using gradiated marks etched on the canopy lined up with a rudimentary external sight.
		The motor humming monotonously as the double cigar approached the Orne estuary (if it was on its course), the pilot strained his eyes to catch some sign of the enemy fleet.
	www.uboatwar.net /neger.htm (463 words)

	British Submarines of World War Two - Human Torpedoes - Chariots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A British "Chariot" or "Human Torpedo" rides on the surface.
		The sheer drama of their story, which could not be revealed at the time, introduced a unique level of selectivity into naval warfare.
		An Italian Human Torpedo, taken by the Royal Navy after the Italian surrender, being tested.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /chalcraft/sm/chariots.html (2998 words)

	TIME.com: "Human Torpedoes'' -- Nov. 6, 1933 -- Page 1
		A naval torpedo is a little submarine, driven by compressed air and steered by a gyroscopic brain.
		The brain can only keep the torpedo on its course, cannot swerve it to strike a ship whose captain has seen the white plume of the torpedo's compressed air wake and swerved his course to avoid the deadly charge.
		THREE HUMAN BOMBS "The highest and noblest monument of war was erected near Shanghai by the Three Human Bombs at Miaohangchen.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,746244,00.html (648 words)

	Comando Supremo: Siluro a Lenta Corsa (Il Maiale)
		The Human Torpedo, or affectionately called Il "Maiale" (The Pig), was an Italian invention to attempt to even the odds.
		The Human Torpedo was not really a torpedo, but an actual underwater tubular shaped craft that held two people (Driver and Pilot).
		The entire fore section of this craft was made of high explosives that was able to clamp to the bottom of the keel of an unsuspecting ship.
	www.comandosupremo.com /SLC.html (349 words)

	Amazon.com: Becoming Human: Books: Valerie J. Freireich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Freirriech deconstructs secular humanism, bio-engineering, religiosity among atheists, fear of otherness, and authoritarianism among the academic elite in her scenario of world colonization by proponents of the human actualization movements popular in the 70's in Southern California.
		Her definition of humanity resides not in DNA sequences or selective breeding, but rather, in emotions and feeling and acting on those emotions or feelings from choice, not duty, not reflex; the ultimate human act is to act altruistically and in truth -- not from self-righteousness or self-deception.
		Valerie Freireich examines definitions of humanity in a future society where toolmen, genetically programmed to metabolic self-destruction after a given period of time and used as servants, and the Neulanders, who have engineered themselves so they heal rapidly and cannot feel pain, must both struggle for recognition as humans.
	www.amazon.com /Becoming-Human-Valerie-J-Freireich/dp/0451453964 (1559 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Minor structural changes in nicotinoid insecticides confer differential subtype ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Torpedo electric organ (Biofish Associates, Georgetown, MA, U.S.A.) was homogenized in four volumes of 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) containing (in mM): NaCl 1000, EDTA 5, EGTA 5, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) 2, benzamidine 5 and iodoacetamide 5 at 4°C using a Polytron for three 30 s periods with 60 s intervals in between.
		After 20 min gentle rotation on a rocking platform at 4°C, the sample was centrifuged for 20 min at 4°C in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge and the supernatant was recovered.
		Supernatants from Torpedo electric organ or SH-SY5Y cell preparations were used for immuno-isolation of receptor subtypes (Anand et al., 1993a; Peng et al., 1997) then radioligand binding assay.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v127/n1/full/0702526a.html (4405 words)

	Historic Naval Ships Visitors Guide - Japanese Kaiten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An escape hatch was not provided for Kaitens built late in the war, and, in any case, no pilot is known to have attempted to escape from his speeding torpedo as it approached its target (Carpenter and Polmar, Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, p.
		The most successful attack was the sinking of the fleet tanker Mississinewa in Ulithi anchorage on 20 November 1944; the destroyer escort Underhill was also sunk, on 24 July 1945.
		In the Japanese human torpedo program, eight mother submarines and almost 900 lives were lost.
	www.hnsa.org /ships/kaiten.htm (251 words)

	Neger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although development of small submarines capable of carrying two to three torpedoes was suggested as early as 1942, the idea was shelved until an Allied invasion of the Greater European Reich became a real threat.
		These fit into matching holes drilled in the torpedo to provide a safe and secure attachment when I glued the torpedo in place.
		Once the torpedo is attached, making sure the vertical fins are just that, it's a simple matter to line up and attach the Neger after scratching off the paint on the torpedo cradle and where it will attach to the torpedo to improve the bond.
	steelnavy.com /Neger.htm (1202 words)

	Breakdown of Tolerance to a Self-Peptide of Acetylcholine Receptor {alpha}-Subunit Induces Experimental Myasthenia ...
		human myasthenia (MG), is routinely induced in susceptible rat
		EAMG is similar to the human disease in its
		-subunit peptide 183–200 of Torpedo californica and human acetylcholine receptor.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/172/4/2697 (4697 words)

	HUMAN first, then a proud IRANIAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This blog also represents how I react to the events as a member of humanity with a voice, a determined voice that insists to be heard.
		So, it's time to thank these rare voices of humanity (amongst mostly pro-Israeli Jewish community) who are in fact serving the Jewish people and their very existance by speaking up against Israel and its barbaric criminal behaviour.
		Although I never dispute the fact that there are occasions of good and humane behavior from some US forces in Iraq, these so called examples do not change the fact that the US's invasion of Iraq has resulted in the misery and devastation for the people of Iraq.
	humanfirstthenproudiranian.blogspot.com (3668 words)

	1944: Human Torpedoes : IN OUR PAGES: 100, 75 AND 50 YEARS AGO
		LONDON - [From our New York edition:] The Royal Navy's hitherto most secret weapon, the so-called human torpedo, sank an enemy cruiser and damaged a large transport at Palermo, Sicily's strongly defended naval base, in January, 1943, and has since accomplished other conspicuous feats, the Admiralty revealed tonight [April 18].
		Officials described the human torpedo as the best-kept naval secret of the war so far.
		Two men, wearing diving suits, sit astride the torpedo and drive it to the target.
	www.iht.com /articles/1994/04/19/edold_44.php (156 words)

	Torpedoman's Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It carried a Mk 13 Mod 1 torpedo, weighing 2216#, 13.5' long and 22.42" diameter.
		History of the Torpedo Branch of the Royal Navy
		strike was to consist of two waves of torpedo and bomber aircraft, with...
	www.diodon349.com /Torpedoman/index-tma.htm (592 words)

	Neger Human Torpedo (via CobWeb/3.1 vn1.cs.wustl.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Neger human torpedo was the brainchild of Richard Mohr, a naval engineer.
		The newly developed human torpedo was named Neger upon its completion, a play on the word 'Mohr' which means 'Moor' or 'Negro' in German.
		The pilots that launched lost their way and no attacks were made.
	www.uboatwar.net.cob-web.org:8888 /neger.htm (463 words)

	Submarine and U-Boat Books Submarine Books Store Sub Books New Used Rare SubmarineBooks,Com Patsy Cline Books
		The author torpedoed and sank the IJN carrier Shinano in a chance encounter while commanding USS Archerfish SS 311 in 1944.
		Submarine skippers reported that most of their torpedoes were either missing the targets or failing to explode if they did hit.
		He was one of the earliest submariners and recounts his eyewitness experiences of the Battle of Jutland and the saga which led to the loss of K4 and K17 in the Forth Estuary in 1918.
	www.sonic.net /~books/sub.html (13710 words)

	Canadian Charioteers in WWII
		The Royal Navy selected the two Canadians for the top secret "human torpedo" training in 1942 before anyone else.
		The Valiant in British machine looked like a large torpedo that two men rode like a horse; it could be dived and sufaced like a submarine.
		The 600lb warhead, at the bow, was detachable and the divers' job was to affix it to the bottom of an enemy ship using magnets; a timing device allowed them to retreat before it blew up.
	www.beaconlit.com /Charioteers.html (597 words)

	The Anticancer Prodrug CPT-11 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase but Is Rapidly Catalyzed to SN-38 by ...
		Inhibition curves of the human and electric eel AcChEs by CPT-11 using either o-NPA (A) or PTC (B) as a substrate.
		Lockridge O. Genetic variants of human serum butyrylcholinesterase influence the metabolism of the muscle relaxant succinylcholine Kalow W. eds.
		Human Carboxylesterase 2 Is Commonly Expressed in Tumor Tissue and Is Correlated with Activation of Irinotecan
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/7/1458 (3468 words)

	INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - ATHLETES
		He competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games and then earned the gold medal in the all-around event at the 1908 Olympics in London.
		Following the Games, Braglia found it difficult to earn a living and took to performing as "The Human Torpedo".
		He also broke a shoulder and some ribs and suffered a nervous breakdown when his four-year-old son died.
	www.olympic.org /uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=56192 (143 words)

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