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	Alexander von Humboldt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Baron von Humboldt, (September 14, 1769, Berlin–May 6, 1859, Berlin), was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt.
		At Callao, Humboldt observed the transit of Mercury on November 9, and studied the fertilizing properties of guano, the introduction of which into Europe was mainly due to his writings.
		Humboldt may justly be regarded as having in this memorable expedition laid the foundation in their larger bearings of the sciences of physical geography and meteorology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt (3623 words)

	Humboldt Current - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Humboldt Current (or Peru Current) is a cold ocean current that flows northward off the west coast of South America.
		This current originates in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic, and is thus about 7-8 C° cooler than the ocean at similar latitudes.
		During an El Niño, the Humboldt Current is replaced by warm, low nutrient water, causing a rapid decline in the normally large fish populations and a subsequent decline in seabird populations, as well as rainfall in the normally dry coastal areas and droughts in the normally wet mountain areas further inland.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Humboldt_Current (232 words)

	History of geology--Humboldt
		Humboldt was a German aristocrat, natural scientist, explorer, geographer, geologist, archeologist, and liberal; he was the last great universal man. Birth to a rich family assured him of financial freedom to pursue his ambition of exploration and discovery during most of his long life.
		Humboldt was exposed to science during his teenage years through contacts with friends; no formal science instruction was available at that time in Berlin.
		From Lima, Humboldt and Bonplan sailed to Guayaquil and thence to Acapulco in 1803.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/histgeol/humboldt/humboldt.htm (2090 words)

	Humboldt Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Humboldt penguins are named after the cold Humboldt current which flows along the coast of North and South America.
		Humboldt penguins, also known as the Peruvian penguins, are members of the Spheniscus genus, This warm weather penguin lives mostly on rocky mainland shores, especially near cliffs, or on islands off the coasts of Chile and Peru.
		Humboldts are most similar to the Magellanic penguins and where territories overlap the two species may be easily confused.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/humboldt.shtml (572 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Humboldt was the son of an officer in the army of Frederick the Great.
		The conviction had grown in Humboldt that his real aim in life was scientific exploration, and in 1797 he resigned from his post to acquire with great single-mindedness a thorough knowledge of the systems of geodetic, meteorological, and geomagnetic measurements.
		Humboldt's means by then were almost completely exhausted; unable to maintain his financial independence, he had to return to Berlin, where the King impatiently demanded his presence at court.
	www.skyarchive.org /AvH/hum-be1.html (2558 words)

	Encyclopedia: Humboldt Current
		The Humboldt Sink is an intermittent dry lake bed, approximately 11 mi (18 km) and 4 mi (6 km) across, in northwestern Nevada in the United States.
		It is located between the West Humboldt Range (to the southeast) and the Trinity Range (to the northwest), on the border between Pershing and Churchill counties, approximately 50 mi (80 km) northeast of Reno.
		It is fed from the northeast by the Humboldt River, the longest river in the Great Basin of North America.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Humboldt-Current (247 words)

	Study Books - Current Abstracts \| Current Shop - Humboldt's Cosmos : Alexander von Humboldt and the Latin American ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Humboldt’s Cosmos tells the story of this extraordinary man who was equal parts Einstein and Livingstone, and of the adventure that defined his life.
		Humboldt did not live to see the publication of the Origin of the Species but, nonetheless, the men did meet.
		Humboldt was a universal scientific genius who was also a genuine explorer into the wild.
	www.currentabstracts.com /buy-1592400523.html (1397 words)

	Galapagos Islands Ocean Currents
		As the Humboldt Current moves through the islands it cools both the land and sea temperatures bringing with it a subtropical climate.
		The Humboldt Current is strongest in September, causing the surface waters to be choppy.
		In November as the Humboldt Current leaves the Galapagos and the warm waters from the Panama Current return to dominate the climate thru May. The inversion layer leaves the Galapagos.
	www.galapagosonline.com /nathistory/Oceanography/Currents.html (513 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Humboldt Current (210)
		A current of cold Antarctic water known as the Humboldt (or Peru) Current flows up the coast of Chile and Peru, then turns west and leaves the coast.
		The Humboldt Current is slow, shallow, and cold.
		It is then difficult for the Humboldt Current to maintain its typical upwellings, and the water becomes less nutrient-rich.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/g200/g210.html (360 words)

	BU Bridge News - Week of 8 October 1999
		While Humboldt scholars around the world have studied his impact on individual disciplines, the conference is the first to focus on his natural history legacy.
		A marine biologist and an anthropologist will also speak at the symposium on Humboldt's contributions to their fields, and there will be considerable discussion of contemporary challenges to the environment, including the rain forest regions where Humboldt meticulously recorded his observations.
		Alexander von Humboldt's Natural History Legacy and Its Relevance for Today is cosponsored by the Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, the German Consulate in Boston, and the Massachusetts Chapter of the Society for Conservation Biology.
	www.bu.edu /bridge/archive/1999/10-08/features7.html (787 words)

	Alexander von Humboldt: Explorer and Naturalist - EnchantedLearning.com
		Humboldt discovered what is now called the Humboldt Current off the west coast of South America, while he was investigating why the interior of Peru was so dry.
		Humboldt was also the first person to discover the importance of guano (the dried droppings from fish-eating birds); it is an excellent fertilizer.
		After their South American expeditions, Humboldt and Bonpland visited the USA and were guests of President Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C., for three months in 1804 (their visit happened just after Jefferson had sent Lewis and Clark to explore the western US).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /explorers/page/h/humboldt.shtml (529 words)

	Baron Alexander Von Humboldt - The Great Unknown, The Great Explorers
		Humboldt was the last true master but one of the first to bring geography to the world.
		Alexander Von Humboldt (portrait) was born in Berlin, Germany in 1769.
		Humboldt died in 1859 and the fifth and final volume was published in 1862, based on his notes for the work.
	www.phfawcettsweb.org /von.htm (913 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Humboldt
		Humboldt, river, northern Nevada, the longest entirely within the state.
		Humboldt Current, cold sea current which flows northwards along the west coast of South America, also known as the Peru or Peruvian Current.
		Humboldt, (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich) Alexander, Freiherr von (1769-1859), German naturalist and explorer, best known for his many valuable...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Humboldt.html (89 words)

	Animal Fact Sheets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Humboldt penguins are found along the coast of Peru and Chile in the Humboldt current, which flows north along the west coast of the Americas.
		Humboldt penguins usually dig burrow-like nests among piles of guano (accumulated droppings of sea birds) which forms in caves and along cliffs.
		Humboldt penguins are an endangered species.* It is estimated that 10,000-12,000 survive in the wild.
	www.zoo.org /educate/fact_sheets/penguin/penguin.htm (1044 words)

	Pacific Ocean - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The surface circulation of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (the North Pacific Gyre) and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
		The North Equatorial Current, driven westward along latitude 15°N by the trade winds, turns north near the Philippines to become the warm Japan or Kuroshio Current.
		As it approaches the Chilean coast, the South Equatorial Current divides; one branch flows around Cape Horn and the other turns north to form the Peru or Humboldt Current.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacific_Ocean (1951 words)

	Galapagos Scientific Maps - ocean currents map image and information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		During El Niño, the cold Humboldt Current from the south slackens off and the islands are bathed in the warm waters of the Panama Current (arrow labeled "Niño Flow").
		On the other hand, nutrients the Humboldt normally brings to the islands, fall in concentration so aquatic life, and seabirds that depend on it, suffers.
		Currents were and still are important in transporting land and sea animals to the Galapagos (see animal origins).
	www.junglephotos.com /galapagos/gmaps/scimaps/currents.shtml (132 words)

	Ocean Currents
		The Pacific twin of the East Greenland Current is heavy with the cold waters moving south from the Bearing Sea.
		The strongest north-south current in the southern hemisphere stays close to the coast of southern Africa.
		The westward current is diverted northward by the corner of Brazil, feeding the sources of the Gulf Stream.
	paos.colorado.edu /~fasullo/1060/resources/currents.html (363 words)

	Learn more about Ocean current in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		An ocean current is a current that flows more or less permanently in one of the Earth's oceans.
		However the importance of currents is also illustrated by the El Niño effect, in which the temporary reversal of an ocean current causes devastating climatic change in South America, whose effects spread as far as Australia.
		Ocean currents are also very important in the dispersal of many life forms.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /o/oc/ocean_current.html (224 words)

	Penguins Come to the Zoo!
		Humboldt penguins are named after the Humboldt Current that flows along the west coast of the Americas.
		Humboldt penguins are monogamous and both parents incubate two eggs for 35 to 38 days.
		Humboldt penguins lose ALL of their feathers each year and replace them with new ones when they moult.
	www.rosamondgiffordzoo.org /penguins/facts.htm (479 words)

	Humboldt Current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Humboldt Current (or Peru Current) is a cold ocean current at the west coast of South America.
		The current originates in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic, and is thus about 7-8°C colder than the ocean normally at similar latitudes.The cold water also cools down the air, which results in the coastal desert of Chile, the Atacama.
		During an El Niño the Humboldt current gets replaced by warm low nutrient water,causing the breakdown of the fishing as well as unusual heavy raining in the normally dry coastal areas.
	www.therfcc.org /humboldt-current-87633.html (127 words)

	ipedia.com: Humboldt Current Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current at the west coast of South America.
		The current originates in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic, and is thus about 7-8°C colder than the ocean normally at similar latitudes.
		During an El Niño the Humboldt current gets replaced by warm low nutrient water, causing the breakdown of the fishing as well as unusual heavy raining in the normally dry coastal areas.
	www.ipedia.com /humboldt_current.html (186 words)

	Case Study: Rainfall in Peru - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The climate of coastal Peru and southwestern Ecuador is mainly controlled by the Humboldt current, a cold ocean current which travels northward along the coastline of Chile and Peru before dispersing near the equator.
		The current helps cause dry conditions to persist continuously along the Peruvian littoral, making the land strip between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean one of the most arid deserts in the world.
		This warming modifies the Humboldt current destroying the persistent high pressure zone normally induced by the Humboldt on the west side of the Andes, which in turn generates major changes in the local meteorology and climate [13].
	www.siggraph.org /education/materials/HyperVis/applicat/vis94tr/vis94tr2.htm (394 words)

	Alexander von Humboldt -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is an eastern boundary current similar to the California Current of the North Pacific.
		Along with Napoleon, Alexander von Humboldt was one of the most famous men of Europe during the first half of the 19th century.
		In 1799 the naturalist Baron Alexander von Humboldt arrived at Cumaná, Venezuela.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9041488 (942 words)

	The Index of Economic Activity for Humboldt County
		The current Index is based on the most recently available data, which is generally data from the previous month.
		Special Projects page for our study of the Eureka gasoline market and an examination of why Humboldt County gas prices tend to be higher than the rest of California's.
		Thus if the retail sectoral index value is currently 150, that means that (inflation-adjusted) retail sales among the firms that report data to us are 50 percent higher than in January 1994.
	www.humboldt.edu /%7Eindexhum/current.htm (2998 words)

	Instituto del Mar del Perú
		Large Marine Ecosystems are regions in the oceanic space encompassing coastal areas from the river basins and estuaries to the marine borders of the continental platforms and the external margins of the major currents systems.
		Of the 64 Large Marine Ecosystems, the Humboldt Current is one of the most important in the world, for its marine biodiversity, its fishing potential, and its influence in the macroclimate.
		The general objective is to enhance the national and regional efforts to move forward towards and Integrated and sustainable management of the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem.
	www.imarpe.gob.pe /imarpe/proyectoen.php (635 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Building Ocean Science Partnerships: The United States and Mexico Working Together (1999)
		A similar feature deserving study is the mixture of subarctic waters of the California Current, tropical waters of the Costa Rica Current, and waters outflowing from the Gulf of California in the vicinity of the mouth of the gulf.
		A better understanding of the California Current System and its variations may also be useful in mitigating the effects of pollution (e.g., oil spills or pollutants from coastal communities).
		Current efforts in Mexico in the area of marine biological diversity include the definition of priority areas along the coast and open-ocean environments, based on criteria of the highest diversity.
	books.nap.edu /books/0309058813/html/15.html (8177 words)

	Humboldt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Humboldt Current or Peru Current of the Pacific
		Humboldt Museum of Natural History (Museum für Naturkunde), part of the University
		Humboldt State University, Humboldt County, California (named for the county where it is located)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humboldt (201 words)

	The South Pacific high, ocean currents, and El Niño
		Upwelling is suppressed both along the Peruvian coast and along the equator, and the Humboldt ocean current is weaker than normal off Peru.
		Both the coastal upwelling and the Humboldt Current are driven by the low-latitude anticyclonic winds over the southeastern Pacific.
		The Equatorial Current and the upwelling off Peru lead to a difference between west and east surface temperatures which is normally about 12 K.
	www-das.uwyo.edu /~geerts/cwx/notes/chap11/fujita.html (652 words)

	Oceans Alive! \| Oceans in Motion \| Current Events
		It is a warm, salty current up to 37 miles wide, 2600 feet deep and in some places it may travel more than 60 miles in a day.
		On the west coast of South America, the Humboldt current normally brings cold water to the surface.
		The movement of ocean currents is influenced by changes in water density.
	www.mos.org /oceans/motion/currents.html (308 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Feeding spectrum of Peruvian hake during autumn 1997: Cruise RV Humboldt 9705-06, Callao to Puerto Pizarro.
		Distribution and relative abundance of Cetacea during the Cruise RV Humboldt 9709-10 from Matarani to Paita.
		Oceanographic conditions during the Cruise RV Humboldt 9803-05, on hydroacoustic evaluation of pelagic resources, from Tumbes to Tacna.
	www.fiu.edu /~acaten01/references/humboldt.html (2875 words)

	MBG: Research: Ecuador: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The climatic regimes found in Ecuador are influenced by its geographical position astride the equator, the general circulation of the atmosphere, the position and movements of the ocean currents, and by orographic effects produced by the abrupt topography of the Andes as well as the smaller coastal ranges.
		The second is the warm equatorial current that flows southward from the Gulf of Panama, along the Pacific coast of Colombia, and meets the Humboldt Current near the equator along the north-central coast of Ecuador.
		During most years, the warm equatorial current pushes farther to the south of the equator for a few months, December to April generally, bringing rainfall and warm, moist air to the areas of the central and southern Ecuadorian coast that are under the influence of the dry, cool Humboldt Current the remainder of the year.
	www.mobot.org /mobot/research/ecuador/climates.shtml (1672 words)

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