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Topic: Humerus

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	Humerus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
		The head of the humerus (caput humeri) articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
		The anatomical neck of the humerus is an indentation distal to the head of the humerus on which the articular capsule attaches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humerus (2508 words)

	II. Osteology. 6a. 3. The Humerus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The lateral portion of this surface consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus; it articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.
		On the medial side of this eminence is a shallow groove, in which is received the medial margin of the head of the radius.
		Sometimes the nerve alone is transmitted through it, or the nerve may be accompanied by the ulnar artery, in cases of high division of the brachial.
	www.bartleby.com /107/51.html (1914 words)

	Elbow-joint - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The trochlea of the humerus is received into the semilunar notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the fovea on the head of the radius.
		The nerves of the joint are a twig from the ulnar, as it passes between the medial condyle and the olecranon; a filament from the musculocutaneous, and two from the median.
		Flexion is produced by the action of the Biceps brachii and Brachialis, assisted by the Brachioradialis and the muscles arising from the medial condyle of the humerus; extension, by the Triceps brachii and Anconæus, assisted by the Extensors of the wrist, the Extensor digitorum communis, and the Extensor digiti quinti proprius.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elbow (1596 words)

	Humerus Fractures
		Humerus (upper arm bone) fractures are not common in athletics.
		The humerus is a complex boney structure that is difficult to treat when fractured in a complex fashion.
		The most common complication of a humerus fracture is impingement of the radial nerve.
	www.athleticadvisor.com /Injuries/UE/humerus_fractures.htm (754 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: Glossary -- Humerus
		At the most simplistic level, the humerus is the bone which connects the shoulder to the elbow; and at the most refined level, it is the forelimb propodial.
		The anterior, or (primitively) the anterodorsal portion of the humerus is likewise expanded as the ectepicondyle.
		The distal surface of the humerus bears the articulations for the ulna and radius.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/Humerus.html (2021 words)

	Humerus
		The humerus is the arm bone (most folks call it the UPPER arm bone).
		, the humerus is a long bone with one upper joint and two lower joints.
		The forward surface of the scapula (near the ribs) is covered by the subscapularis which has forward attachment on the humerus just to the inner side of the lesser bump (the lesser tuberosity).
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Bones/Humerus/humerus.html (945 words)

	Chapter 23 On the Humerus or Arm Bone
		the humerus is the largest of all the bones of the body with the sole exception of the femur; but one grants that the fibula and the tibia significantly excel the humerus in length.
		The length of this head, which I measure from its upper to its lower part along the length of the humerus, is the reason why in the flexion and extension of the forearm this head does not slip out or escape from the depression of the radius (which is round but not oblong).
		Yet the humerus of those animals, as well as their femur and that of birds, was equally unnoticed by Aristotle, perhaps because it was hidden in the trunk of their body unlike our humerus and femur.
	vesalius.northwestern.edu /chapters/FA.1.23.html (3799 words)

	Diplom-Arbeit
		Anterior limbs: relative humerus length: 0.49; radius/ humerus length ratio: 0.79; relative length ratio of ulna/ humerus: 0.97; ratio for the 3rd metacarpal/ humerus relation reaches 0.25; anterior extremity/ posterior extremity: 0.93.
		The posterior limb ratios between the femur and tibia are quite similar to the ratios of the humerus and radius of the front extremities in all of the studied cats.
		He argues that in non-cursorial mammals, the humerus is normally held at an angle to the sagittal plane of the body thereby requiring the elbow to flex and extend, while the long axis of the ulna is at an angle to the long axis of the humerus.
	www.schmiederjens.de /Jens_home/HTML/diplarb.html (7315 words)

	THE PNEUMATIC FOSSA OF THE HUMERUS IN THE PASSERES
		THE PNEUMATIC FOSSA OF THE HUMERUS IN THE PASSERES
		The extension of the interclavicular air sac that enters the hollow interior of the humerus through the pneumatic canal does not appear to be responsible at all for the evolution of the double-fossa con- dition.
		SUMMARY The pneumatic fossa of the humerus exhibits a considerable degree of variation within the Passeres and may be a potentially valuable clue to the interrelationships of the passerine families.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v079n03/p0425-p0443.html (13413 words)

	Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus - DynoMed.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Basically, a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is a broken elbow. But it refers to a specific portion of the elbow. In this type of fracture, the humerus bone is involved.
		Causes of a Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus?
		In general, bone fractures are classified by the amount of displacement of the bone that occurs. Most supracondylar fractures of the humerus are displaced fractures, meaning one or both of the condyles have been moved from where they normally belong.
	www.dynomed.com /encyclopedia/encyclopedia/pediatric_orthopedics/Supracondylar_Fracture_of_the_Humerus.html (457 words)

	Comment on "The Early Evolution of the Tetrapod Humerus" -- Ahlberg 305 (5691): 1715c -- Science
		The Scat Craig humerus GSM 104536 was compared with those of the osteolepiform Eusthenopteron and the early and primitive tetrapods Ichthyostega, Acanthostega, Crassigyrinus, Proterogyrinus, Eoherpeton, and Greererpeton.
		The humerus of Eusthenopteron compares well with those of other osteolepiforms and rhizodonts, although there are minor differences in the shapes and positions of the processes; this humeral morphology is assumed to be primitive relative to that of tetrapods.
		The "proximal region" is that part of the body of the humerus which lies proximal to the entepicondyle and pectoral process.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/305/5691/1715c (1125 words)

	Radial Nerve Palsy following Frx of the Humerus - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Radial palsy in shaft fracture of the humerus.
		Treatment of fractures of the shaft of the humerus accompanied by paralysis of the radial nerve.
		Radial nerve paralysis associated with fractures of the humerus.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/radial_nerve_palsy_following_frx_of_the_humerus (578 words)

	Humerus page
		The humerus is a long bone located in the upper leg that enters into the formation of two joints.
		The proximal end of the humerus contains the head, which is the part of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
		The trochlea of the humerus gives the appearance of a pulley and is an articular cylinder that fits the trochlear notch in the proximal ulna to form the principle joint in the elbow.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /courses/bms/Osteology1/Canine/Humerus/Humerus.htm (551 words)

	eMedicine - Distal Humerus Fractures : Article by Edward Yian, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Stable nondisplaced extra-articular distal humerus fractures can be treated with a short period of splinting or casting in a long arm cast (usually for approximately 2 wk) and then use of a hinged functional brace with early elbow motion.
		The triceps is dissected subperiosteally and elevated from medial to lateral for exposure of the distal humerus.
		Jupiter JB, Mehne DK: Fractures of the distal humerus.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic145.htm (9985 words)

	Humerus 1
		One group extends from the pectoral girdle to the humerus and functions to move the humerus.
		At the distal end, the humerus articulates with the ulna and radius of the forearm.
		There are two articulating surfaces on the distal epiphysis of the humerus, the lateral ball-like capitulum and the medial pulley-shaped trochlea.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /APLab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_04/Humerus_1/humerus_1.html (298 words)

	Wikinfo \| Humerus
		The humerus is an os longum in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
		At the shoulder, there is a ball-and-socket joint, where the head of the humerus caput humeri articulates with the cavitas glenoidalis of the scapula.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Humerus (2112 words)

	Fracture of the Condyle of the Distal Humerus - DynoMed.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fracture of the Condyle of the Distal Humerus - DynoMed.com
		In general, bone fractures are classified by the amount of displacement of the bone that occurs. Recommended treatment and follow-up care is based on whether or not the bone has been displaced and in what way. Displaced means that the bone parts have moved away from one another.
		Causes of a Fracture of the Condyle of the Distal Humerus?
	www.dynomed.com /encyclopedia/encyclopedia/pediatric_orthopedics/Fracture_of_the_Condyle_of_the_Distal_Humerus.html (353 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The humerus is enlarged proximally and forms a smooth articular surface that articulates with the scapular glenoid; this surface is termed the humeral head.
		If the greater tubercle of the humerus is involved, the pins may be directed from the tip of the greater tubercle down through the physeal line and into the metaphysis of the humerus.
		This suggests that the tension band surface of the humerus is anterior, hence placement of the plate on the anterior side of the bone.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_22/22mast.htm (2403 words)

	Gross Anatomy: THE SHOULDER GIRDLE
		Humerus pulled either anterior to or posterior to shoulder joint depending upon which rotator cuff muscles are injured.
		When the scapula is passively protracted by action of the pectoralis major muscle on the humerus, the serratus anterior acts to stabilize the scapula and keep it applied to the thoracic wall.
		Downward rotation is used to increase the range of motion of the humerus when it moves on the scapula during shoulder extension and adduction.
	www.upstate.edu /cdb/grossanat/limbs3.shtml (2102 words)

	eMedicine - Fractures, Humerus : Article by Daniel Corboy, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Background: Humerus fractures, particularly fractures of the proximal humerus, are encountered commonly in the ED.
		Anteroposterior and lateral views of the humerus, as well as transthoracic and axillary views of the shoulder, should be adequate to visualize a fracture.
		Most humerus shaft fractures are treated nonoperatively with an expected union rate of 90-100%, though surgical fixation, either by intramedullary nailing or plating, is necessary if the fracture is segmental or the vasculature is compromised.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic199.htm (2134 words)

	Shoulder1.com - Broken Humerus
		The humerus, or upper-arm bone, is one of the most commonly broken bones in both children under 12 and adults over 60.
		A direct blow to the arm or a fall on an outstretched hand are the most common causes of a fractured humerus.
		A broken humerus is often set in place and kept steady with a cast.
	www.shoulder1.com /care/condition20.cfm/14 (460 words)

	Creationist Arguments: Anomalous Fossils
		KP 271: Lubenow (1992) states that this lower humerus is indistinguishable from a human bone, Parker and Morris (1982) state that it is a human bone.
		The lower humerus of chimps is very similar to that of humans, and it is reasonable to suppose that australopithecines would be even more similar, especially since the upper end of the humerus in australopithecines is known to fall within the human range.
		Patterson and Howells (1967) state that both KP 271 and an australopithecine upper humerus were, based on their measurements, virtually identical to some modern humans, yet Lubenow is able to conclude that KP 271 is "strikingly close" [his italics] to modern humans, while the upper humerus is only "quite similar, based on visual assessment".
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/a_anomaly.html (2961 words)

	INTERNAL FIXATION OF FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS USING THE BILBOQUET DEVICE
		Fracture fixation with the Bilboquet device provides a solution to the majority of problems encountered in complex fractures of the proximal humerus: the anatomy can be reconstructed, implant impingement on the surrounding soft tissues is prevented, and early mobilization of the limb is facilitated.
		The only disadvantage is that the implant is fitted into the cancellous bone of the humeral head, and cannot, therefore, be removed at a later stage.
		The Bilboquet technique for the fixation of complex fractures of the proximal humerus was evolved over a period of 10 years.
	www.maitrise-orthop.com /corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/100_bilboquet/bilboquet_us.shtml (4467 words)

	humerus on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Effect of Repeated Glenohumeral A-P Glide on the Displacement of the Head of Humerus - A Fresh Cadaver Study.
		Rambo is holding a humerus from the left side of the mast
		Rambo is holding a humerus from the left side of themastodon.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-humerus.asp (417 words)

	PERCUTANEOUS PINNING IN DISPLACED SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF HUMERUS IN CHILDREN
		Background: Supracondylar fracture of humerus is the most common fracture in first decade of life.
		Supracondylar fracture of humerus is the most common fracture in children and needs proper management.
		The importance of our study is to draw the attention of orthopedic surgeons to PCP for the treatment of displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus in children with which the chances of loss of elbow motion and cubitus varus deformity are minimal.
	www.ayubmed.edu.pk /JAMC/PAST/16-4/Shoaib.htm (1902 words)

	CC054: KP 271 (a fossil humerus) was human. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CC054: KP 271 (a fossil humerus) was human.
		The fossil humerus KP 271 is an apparently human fossil from four million years ago, which, according to the standard evolutionary model, is well before the appearance of modern humans.
		Even a humerus from a chimpanzee looks similar to a human humerus; it should not be surprising that the humerus from a closer relative would look even more similar.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CC/CC054.html (104 words)

	HST 35th Anniversary - The Iconology of a Humerus Tale
		Although the humerus began as a simple element, flattened and block-like, a few features that are primitively present (an entepicondylar process, a ventral crest) persist throughout the evolutionary diversification of tetrapods.
		The humerus in predatory sphenacodontid pelycosaurs was of complex form, attesting to a differentiation of limb musculature and diversity of limb use.
		Yet the humerus has reverted to a simple structural form, as in their sarcopterygian ancestors of the Devonian.
	web.mit.edu /hst/35/humerus.html (1189 words)

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