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Topic: Hummocks

In the News (Thu 17 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Hugh Jackman

	USGS Photo Glossary: Hummock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These hummocks once formed part of the volcano's summit, which was removed by an enormous landslide on 18 May 1980.
		Hummocks contain a wide range of rock debris, reflecting the variation of deposits that previously formed the flanks of the volcano.
		In other hummocks the rock debris is thoroughly mixed as if the material had been in a blender and thoroughly mixed together.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Products/Pglossary/hummock.html (254 words)

	Galunggung - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The hummocks were likely material left behind as the more watery parts of the slide flowed away.
		Australian geologist F.X. Schaffer suggested that the hummocks might be manmade; as the local people cleared the land to make ricefields, they made dumps of the boulders and cobbles that they found.
		The dumps became hummocks, and were used as sites for homes and fruit trees, as they offered protections from hostile people as well as from the mosquitoes and rats of the rice fields.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galunggung (341 words)

	Buckelwiesen, Forschungsprojekt Kräuterin 1998/99
		The hummocks have an average diameter of 200 to 400 cm and consist of calcareous debris in which the weathering is highly variable.
		The centre of the hummock underneath the shallow A-horizon of the recent rendzina is made up of a very inhomogenous substratum with differing colouring and of differing weathering intensity.
		This pattern of parallel-lying pairs of hummocks and pits perfectly corresponds with the arrangement of rootstock-pits and adjacent mounds of rootplates, soil material and debris in an area of uprooted trees.
	homepage.univie.ac.at /christine.embleton-hamann/buckelw_html/english.htm (838 words)

	MAR Topography
		It is built from numerous hummocks, with diameters of a few tens of meters, piling on top of each other.
		A shallow graben is observed at the summit.
		Hummocks also occur at the edges of the flat top.
	www.gly.bris.ac.uk /www/teach/virtrips/MAR/mar.html (1082 words)

	Hummocks
		Hummocks, or small mounds of earth, are one of the most common of terrain features in the Arctic.
		Some postulate that each hummock has a core of ice that slowly grows over subsequent winters, while others say that they are formed by tiny ice wedges that push up the surrounding soil into the small mounds.
		Hummocks may look soft, but are actually quite hard and easy to walk on.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpe/environments/land/features/freeze-thaw/hummock.htm (130 words)

	Hummocked ice
		The extent of the ice being covered by hummocks of all kinds expressed in tenths of the area of the zone under consideration is assumed to be the "amount of hummocked ice".
		Specialised charts of the amount of hummocked ice are based on airborne data and have the accuracy characteristics of the same type as the review charts of the ice situation (item 6.1).
		Data on the occurrence frequency of the ranges of the amount of hummocked ice are presented in the form of the ASCII file (tbl_12.txt) containing Table 12.
	www.fni.no /insrop/DOC_DATAHummocked_ice.html (350 words)

	Hummocks at Mount St. Helens, Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this hummock, most of the original volcanic layers were not preserved during transport of the landslide.
		This gray to pink-colored hummock is made up of dacite rocks from the Goat Rocks and summit domes, which erupted in the early 1800s and between 500 and 200 years ago, respectively.
		The hummock consists mainly of dacite lava and pyroclastic-flow deposits that shed from the lava domes during their growth.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /Products/Pglossary/hummocks_more.html (479 words)

	ABSTRACT: Genesis of hummocks in glaciofluvial corridors near Walker Lake, central mainland, Nunavut. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Morphologically similar hummocks in the Coppermine area (NWT), the Lac de Gras area (NWT), central Ontario and south central Michigan have been examined at varying detail resulting in a range of interpretations.
		In the study area, glaciofluvial corridors containing hummocks are spaced 5 to 10 km apart and are 100’s of metres to several kilometres in width.
		The resemblance of the deposits to the “sliding bed facies” indicates similarities to esker sedimentation, however, the variety of morphologic features (hummocks and some transverse ridges) and the width of the glaciofluvial corridors, indicates depositional conditions were different from those that formed eskers.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/UttingGenesisAs.html (443 words)

	Trees for Life - Ecological features of the Caledonian Forest - Hummocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hummocks underneath Scots pines in a native pinewood in Glen Cannich.
		It is only when the living mat of vegetation on a hummock becomes continuous with the vegetation growing on the ground that hummocks forming over rocks can provide a viable opportunity for trees to send their roots into the soil, and therefore grow beyond seedling size.
		Hummocks which form over rocks repeat, on a small scale, the colonisation process of vegetation after major disturbance, such as the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /tfl.hummocks.html (1596 words)

	LA DEMOCRACIA DEBRIS AVALANCHE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(1984) as Tertiary volcanis; the shape, size, and distribution of the hummocks, the variable lithology of the hummocs, and the stratigraphic relations of the deposit suggest that it is a late Pleistocene debris avalanche.
		One hummock exposed to a depth of 6 m exhibits weathering to at least that same depth.
		The hummocks contain lithologies similar to those of the Escuintla debris avalanche and it is possible that the La Democracia avalanche occurred at the same time.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/fuego/democracia.html (328 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Most Serene Republic of Hummocks is a massive, environmentally stunning nation, renowned for its devotion to social welfare.
		Its compassionate, intelligent population of 1.97 billion have some civil rights, but not too many, enjoy the freedom to spend their money however they like, to a point, and take part in free and open elections, although not too often.
		Hummocks is ranked 3rd in the region and 97,446th in the world for Largest Pizza Delivery Sector.
	www.nationstates.net /cgi-bin/index.cgi/page=display_nation/nation=hummocks (219 words)

	ESCUINTLA DEBRIS AVALANCHE
		Between the apex of the lobe and 10 km down slope and between 2 and 5 km from the lateral and distal margins of the deposit, the size and density of hummocks is greater.
		The alternating distribution of hummocks within the Escuintla debris avalanche might have been the result of two (or more) slide blocks--a first larger one that came to rest at the distal margin and a second that came to rest about 10 km south of Escuintla.
		The hummocks contain huge blocks of basalt, basaltic andesite, and rare andesite breccia and lava, which is commonly fractured, deformed, and faulted.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/fuego/escuintla.html (877 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Europe / Russian explorer tells of Arctic rescue
		As the hummocks rose, the scientists packed up their equipment and watched uneasily.
		On March 3, the hummocks started suddenly shifting, causing massive slabs of ice to collapse, destroying the station's nine buildings and four tents within 25 minutes, Koshelyev said.
		Some were hoisted several feet in the air by the slabs of ice before being dropped into the sea.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/03/10/russian_explorer_tells_of_arctic_rescue (362 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This study concerns the mass balance in hummocks and hollows on three ombrotrophic boreonemoral bogs in both a short (c.
		The arotelm was deeper in Sphagnum hummocks than in lawns but because of less compaction in lawns, neither residence time (80-100 yr) nor decay losses (70-75%) differed.
		The mass balance in hummocks will determine not only the development in hollows but also the rise of the ground water mound, and the height increment of a bog.
	www.oikos.ekol.lu.se /Eco.22.6.abstracts/malmer2606html (305 words)

	Museum Victoria [ed-online] Encounters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hummocks is a unique rocky outcrop dissected by the narrow gorge of the Wando River, and is estimated to be about 150 million years old.
		Ironically, in 1849 a stone police station and courthouse was erected at the Hummocks, replacing an earlier wooden structure.
		About this time, the Hummocks is believed to have been surveyed as a site for a township, however settlement did not proceed and with the subsequent survey of Casterton in 1852, the court sittings and police presence were transferred there.
	www.museum.vic.gov.au /encounters/Journeys/Robinson/Fighting_Hills.htm (2535 words)

	[No title]
		The hummocks are dominated by ling heather (Calluna vulgar is), bog rosemary (Andromeda polifolia) and a number of lichen (Cladonia) species.
		Dragonflies and damselflies are common hunters on the bog and their larvae may often be glimpsed hunting among the aquatic bog mosses in pools.
		A number of birds such as mallard, snipe, curlew, redshank, pheasant, meadow pipit, skylark and linnet are common on bogs and may nest on the hummocks, while the Greenland white-fronted goose may roost on bogs in winter.
	www.enfo.ie /leaflets/bs6.htm (2220 words)

	OCEANOLOGICAL STUDIES, 2001, 30 (1-2), 3-12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first part of the paper focuses on the hummocking process which may be invoked to explain the formation of high (up to 10 m above the water level) hummocks.
		Conditions necessary for hummocking are described and the areas and seasons during which hummocks occur are indicated.
		In the second part of the paper, the rate at which the hummock height is being reduced during: 1.
	www.ocean.univ.gda.pl /oceanological/abstrakty/abstracts_30_3-4.htm (1168 words)

	MasingMultiLevel
		Thus an important subject appeared to be the single forms of the bog surface which we named microforms (a form of microrelief): moss hummock, hummock ridge, hollows covered with Sphagnum or bare mud.
		Their orientation was initially obviously determined by the main outflow direction (Ivanov 1953), but with the growth of the bog as a whole this can change.
		Hummocks grow and their development seems to be regulated by hydrological conditions.
	www.imcg.net /docum/greifswa/masing.htm (2141 words)

	Humocks - (Click the back arrow on your browser to get back to the main list) Hutchinsia alpina. Hutchinsia alpina. An ...
		Ice hummocks are often seen during the breakup of water bodies and are the result of shifting of the ice cover during spring movements and are confined both to the shore slope, or exposed stretches of the bottom, and to shallow waters.
		Hummocks are one of the most obvious and distinctive features at ground level in the Caledonian Forest.
		The hummocks have an average diameter of 200.
	www.destarter.com /hummocks/humocks.html (575 words)

	[Flokkur 3 dæmi] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Herbage biomass was 28 g/m2, sward height 13 cm and erosion covered less than 1%.
		ire in October, all the range is heavily grazed, hummocks are very apparent and with erosion spots.
		rassland in September, vegetation is short and and hummocks conspicuous.
	www.rala.is /UMHVD/hhagar/Astand/eflokkur3.htm (121 words)

	[Flokkur 2 dæmi] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		rassland in September, signs of grazing are evident, hummocks apparent and flowers common.
		ire in October, vegetation is evenly grazed and hummocks are apparent.
		ire in October, the drier hummocks have mainly been grazed by the horses.
	www.rala.is /UMHVD/hhagar/Astand/eflokkur2.htm (135 words)

	Blanket Bog (University of Paisley: Biodiversity Reference) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heaths are characterised by a relatively thin layer of peat, still shaped by underlying details of topography, and may exist on podsols or on thin, zonal, mor soils directly over gravel or bedrock.
		Their cell structure enables them to soak up and hold water, and many grow rapidly to form hummocks, while others are able to grow in the water of bog pools or form flat 'lawns' around the edges of more extensive water bodies or over areas of past drainage attempts.
		It is better known as a moss of mountain heaths or on boulders at lower altitudes and its ability to grow on northern peat bogs seems to have been little studied.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /bioref/Habitats/BlanketBog.html (3552 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Namib desert (AT1315)
		A strip of low sand hummocks of about 2 m high runs between this sea of dunes and the ocean.
		The dunes march northwards, driven by prevailing southerly winds, and are then brought to an abrupt halt by vegetation of the Kuiseb riverbed, which forms a wind barrier.
		Hummocks are formed between these sand dunes and the coast.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1315_full.html (3781 words)

	Hummocks
		Hummocks are masses of ice rising to considerable heights (20 feet / 6 meters) above the general level of the Arctic ice pack, forming a part of it.
		These small hills of broken ice are caused by the pressure of ice floes jamming and crushing against each other.
		Hummock fields most often consist of chaotic rubble of randomly spread block structures and ridges, although they sometimes take on rather uniform overall appearance.
	www.athropolis.com /arctic-facts/fact-hummock.htm (266 words)

	Mycorrhizal Citations
		The trees grow on the tops of elevated hummocks, but the fine roots extend along the sides of the hummocks to the flooded hollows.
		Roots from all microtopographic positions on the hummocks are colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM).
		However, frequencies of occurrence of vesicles and arbuscles are significantly higher on the tops and sides than at the bottoms of the hummocks.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest99/2cante1.htm (213 words)

	Hummocks, sentinelles de notre planète
		Pour lui, les hummocks, ces hauteurs de glace déchiquetées sur la banquise, sont les résurgences de notre mémoire.
		Hummocks (1), et dont il expose ci-dessous la portée, est d’abord une réflexion qui chemine de la pierre à l’homme dans le nord du Groenland, l’Arctique central canadien, le détroit de Béring et en Sibérie, et nous fait partager l’intelligence structurée des Inuit.
		Franchissant les hummocks littoraux, j’entendais le chasseur grommeler un :
	www.monde-diplomatique.fr /1999/10/MALAURIE/12560 (2329 words)

	Baltic wetlands
		Plant growth is greater and decomposition less on hummocks, which gradually gain in height above the saturated zone.
		Continued accumulation of peat causes the hummocks to merge together until an open bog results.
		Bogs are net sinks for carbon--removal of CO from the atmosphere, and bogs are potential sources for methane (CH Bog pools expand during cool/wet climatic intervals; whereas, hummocks and ridges are stable or increasing during warm/dry periods (Karofeld 1998).
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/wetland/baltic/baltic.htm (2991 words)

	Chapter Chapter 9 of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
		As she came nearer and nearer to the familiar hummocks there was more and more earnestness in Laska's exploration.
		She made one circuit round the hummocks, was beginning a second, and suddenly quivered with excitement and stood stock-still.
		He heard the steps of Stepan Arkadyevich, mistaking them for the tramp of the horses in the distance; he heard the brittle sound of the tussock which came off with its roots when he had trodden on a hummock, and he took this sound for the flight of a double snipe.
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/52/95/10640/2.html (627 words)

	Sunset: Landscape in the making
		Helens with a hike on the Hummocks Trail
		Helens blew itself apart and became an overnight geologic sensation with blistering winds that flattened forests and ash that flened the sky.
		Between the hummocks lie wildflower-strewn meadows and miniature valleys with beaver-browsed willows and toad-filled ponds.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1216/is_5_204/ai_66731836 (498 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Succulent Karoo (AT1322)
		The coastal zone of the Sperregebiet is made up of numerous hummocks formed by the tough woody shrub, Salsola nollothensis and the spiky desert grass Cladoraphis cyperoides, which trap windblown sand.
		Scattered among these hummocks are numerous rocky outcrops on which grow wind-shaped, low-growing woody succulents such as Othonna furcata, Pelargonium spp., Salsola spp., Lycium decumbens, Drosanthemum luderitzii, and Osteospermum crassifolium (White 1983).
		Hummocks are formed on these plains by the nara plant (Acanthosicyos horrida), a large, spiny, leafless shrub.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1322_full.html (4698 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These ‘hummocks,’ as we have termed them, are relatively linear features, 1-2 m wide, with an elevation change of about 10-20 cm.
		The sediments of the hummocks are also sandier than the adjacent old marsh sediments.
		Nutrient concentrations, especially ammonium, are depressed on the hummocks suggesting that the plants are utilizing the porewater ions.
	atlantic.evsc.virginia.edu /elecvol/VCRASC97/envirod9797532624.html (285 words)

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