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Topic: Humor theory

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	Humor theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The humor theory or humour theory was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body adopted by ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.
		From Hippocrates onward, the humor theory was the most commonly held view of the human body until the nineteeth century and the understanding of the circulation of blood.
		These four humors (corresponding to the four elements of earth, fire, water, and air) were fl bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood respectively.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humor_theory (349 words)

	Mixing Memory: By Request: Cognitive Science of Humor
		The earliest modern psychological theory of humor, of course, was Freud's.
		Finally, because in most incongruity-resolution theories of humor, jokes are said to involve the alignment of opposing scripts or schemas, humor research could benefit from the vast literature on comparisons, and inter-domain mappings in particular.
		Coulson's blending theory, for instance, is one attempt to use mappings in a theory of humor.
	mixingmemory.blogspot.com /2004/11/by-request-cognitive-science-of-humor.html (2175 words)

	Theory
		Humor scholars and practitioners, who have devoted their lives to humor, are understandably reluctant to characterize it in such a negative way.
		Although the advocates of various theories debate one another with considerable acrimony, it seems to this author at least that the existing theories of humor can be integrated in the following way" (a) incongruity of some sort is required to get the attention of receivers (perk up their ears).
		Some are theories about the function of humor (predominantly to vent or conserve psychic energy), some are stimulus theories (predominantly incongruity theories, with or without resolution), and some are response theories (experiencing a pleasant cognitive shift and/or a feeling of mastery).
	myweb.brooklyn.liu.edu /jlyttle/Humor/Theory.htm (3899 words)

	The Inner Eye Theory of Laughter: Mindreader Signals Cooperator Value by Wonil Edward Jung
		This theory is incorporated in the Inner Eye theory in the forms of the contrast between the false belief and the current belief of the laugher and the conflict between those who undergo relatively positive welfare changes and those who undergo relatively negative welfare changes.
		The Inner Eye theory is consistent with the view that the mind/brain uses innate and domain-specific representations in constantly theorizing the causal relationships between the mental states that it observes, including those within itself, and the events that it experiences, whether the emotional events occurring within or the sensory events originating from the outside world.
		In his theory of humor as a disabling mechanism, Chafe has argued that the purpose of humor is to prevent people “from acting upon or ‘taking seriously’ conditions and conclusions into which they are misled by the misapplication of natural processes of human reasoning” (Chafe, 1987).
	human-nature.com /ep/articles/ep01214253.html (12740 words)

	Monro's "Theories of Humor" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Humor is more penetrating when it brings to light a real connection between two things normally regarded with quite different attitudes, or when it forces on us a complete reversal of values.
		Humor, according to incongruity theories, may be said to consist in the finding of "the inappropriate within the appropriate." It is not merely that unexpected connections are found between apparently dissimilar things: our notions of propriety are also involved.
		Relief theories account admirably for laughter at indecency, malice, and nonsense (regarded as relief from "the governess, reason" [a reference back to Shopenhauer]) but are forced to concede that there is an intrinsic appeal in incongruity and word play that is quite independent of relief from restraint.
	www.msu.edu /~jdowell/monro.html (2590 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The relief theory is based on a psychological perspective, which holds that humor, through laughter, actually allows a release of “nervous energy,” and thus, humor is usually created by a “reduction of anxiety or a relaxation of strain” (Meyer, 1990).
		Many humor theorists believe all forms of humor exhibit some sort of “superiority” of one individual, object, or idea over another and as a result, that all uses of humor can at least somewhat be traced to this theory.
		He employed humor, in a variety of methods, which fell within the realm of each of three established theories of humor as persuasion.
	cstl-cla.semo.edu /williams/McFerron.doc (3642 words)

	Humor Theory by Igor Krichtafovich [3]
		Humor is a bloodless, contact-less intellectual weapon, given to mankind for elevating one’s social status relative to his peers.
		Any example of humor is either a jibe, with intent to demean its target and elevate the status of the others at his cost, or an intellectual riddle, elevating the status of those who solved it.
		People who loved and valued humor were bothered by the fact that a scientific study of the phenomenon of laughter will deprive it of its mysterious flair, and will eventually lead to a decline of the skill of making people laugh.
	www.lebed.com /HumorTheory/HumorTheoryfinal3.htm (6824 words)

	A Theory of Humor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The theory states that humor is fully characterized by three conditions, each of which, separately, is necessary for humor to occur, and all of which, jointly, are sufficient for humor to occur.
		The conditions of this theory describe a subjective state of apparent emotional absurdity, where the perceived situation is seen as normal, and where, simultaneously, some affective commitment of the perceiver to the way something in the situation ought to be is violated.
		This theory is explained in detail and its logical properties and empirical consequences are explored.
	www.tomveatch.com /else/humor/paper (206 words)

	What Is Humor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Definition of Humor That Works For Me In my research on humor theory I was unable to find a definition of humor that worked for me. But the research did help me fine-tune a theory that I have been developing over twenty years, a theory of humor that meets my needs.
		A common theme in some humor theories is the idea that the surprise must be in the context of "play".
		Sexual humor is not funny to people who believe that the loose morals the humor represents threaten a way of life.
	www.rickwalton.com /lang/whathumo.htm (1967 words)

	Abhinavagupta's Conceptionof Humor - chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is not the particular contents—cognitive, affective or motor—but the binary structure of the mutual neutralization that determines O. R is pleasurable due to relief from tension and not due to amusement (as in humor); O may nevertheless have a painful element.
		Though not a theory of humor, but only of laughter, it distinguishes between laughter as a binary-structured organismic variable (O) and as the physiological resolution of O into an externally measurable response R. Even if O may have corresponding objective structures in the body (or in the stimulus), it is primarily something given in experience.
		Before we terminate this chapter on Gurdjieff’s theory, it would be useful to underline the relationship between his ‘laughter in the moving center’ and Freud’s category of the ‘comic of movement’ here itself, for we shall not return to it again while criticizing Freud’s own categories of the comic.
	www.svabhinava.org /HumorPhd/Thesis-02/Thesis-2.html (2973 words)

	Mid Frame
		Similarly, Plato's theory of humor argues that we simultaneously feel pain and a sense of pleasure when we see others humiliated.
		In this case, the humor is functioning as positive punishment, the addition of an undesirable stimulus in order to reduce the likelihood of undesired behavior (Watson).
		Cooper, L. An Aristotelian Theory of Comedy With an Adaptation of 'The Poetics' and a Translation of the 'Tractatus Coislinianus'.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory55.htm#superiority (1074 words)

	Humor is Affective Absurdity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		That is, if there is a case of humor which lacks any of the three conditions, then the theory ``undergenerates'' and is false: the missing condition is not in fact necessary.
		In discussing this theory, the subjective interpretations referred to by N and V may clearly be described in many stylistically different ways, which can lead to an unfortunate confusion as to whether or not the emotional categories referred to are well-defined.
		Thus humor perception is doubly subjective, not only in that it is a psychological event in a subjective perceiver, but also in that different subjects may differ in their perceptions.
	www.tomveatch.com /else/humor/paper/node2.html (1870 words)

	endnote2
		Loescher, M. To laugh in the face of death: An examination of the connection between death attitudes and sense of humor from an existential perspective.
		Mansavage, N. A study of hostility, hopelessness, and humor with incarcerated and nonincarcerated male adolescents.
		Ramachandran, V. The neurology and evolution of humor, laughter, and smiling: the false alarm theory.
	www.professorlyttle.com /PhD/endnote2.htm (3590 words)

	Emotion Management in Grace Under Fire: An Evolution
		This theory was mainly Hobbes', who went so far as to say that those who use humor the most feel the most inferior, thereby having the greatest need to feel superior at someone else's expense (Berger 39).
		Although there were six specific humorous references made to substance abuse or alcohol in these episodes, with five of them being made by Grace herself and the sixth one made at her expense, the references proved my theory wrong.
		Rather than accept the compliment, Grace reacts with somewhat self-deprecating humor either because she is uncomfortable in the situation or she hopes to continue to amuse the man with her wit.
	cc.ysu.edu /~sattardo/tv/iden.htm (2417 words)

	childrace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of the most common forms of humor, however (at least among older children and adults), is humor in which one individual or group is victimized by another in the context of a joke or cartoon.
		This kind of humor is often referred to as “disparagement humor,” although it may contain varying degrees of intentional hostility.
		In the case of humor in which the opposite sex is victimized, only fl low-income boys found drawings of girl victims funnier than those of boy victims.
	condor.depaul.edu /~mwilson/extra/humor/childrace.html (1516 words)

	Hippocrates [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The most historically prominent theoretical scheme of the Coan writers was the doctrine of the four humors of the body: blood, phlegm, fl bile, and yellow bile (or sometimes serum).
		Disease was defined as the imbalance of the humors.
		Nonetheless, the cures that were dictated by the four humor theory seemed to work well enough for this theory to extend to the nineteenth century (in various guises).
	www.iep.utm.edu /h/hippocra.htm (2640 words)

	HUMOR SCHOLARSHIP ON THEORY AND EPISTEMOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Berlyne Daniel E. "Humor and Its Kin." The Psychology of Humor.
		"Humor and Incongruity." The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor.
		"A Disposition Theory of Humor and Mirth." Humor and Laughter: Theory.
	www.msu.edu /~jdowell/HumSchTheory.html (533 words)

	Spinal Tap Fan Site: Stylistic Competencies, Musical Humor, and This is Spinal Tap
		The third theory, found in the writing of Immanuel Kant and Arthur Schopenhauer, is referred to as the “incongruity theory.” Our laughter is the result of some perceived incongruity between concept and object.
		His theory of humor, on the other hand, is based on the incongruity theory (60-84).
		The superiority and relief theories might be used to unpack the humorous effects of these songs that occur in the other dimensions that this study does not directly address.
	spinaltapfan.com /articles/covach.html (1925 words)

	Humor
		Kant, as John explains, has a rather absurd theory of humor that he finds particularly interesting if not in the least convincing.
		John points out that, however strange Kant's theory may be, it tends to rightly claim that humor is subjective.
		Looking at Kant, Freud, and others, it seems that one of the problems with the theories they put forward about humor is their lack of familiarity with the data.
	www.philosophytalk.org /pastShows/Humor.htm (654 words)

	Humor Theory
		Classical medicine taught that the human body was governed by four fluids or humors, each tied to one of the prime elements.
		The four elements were earth, air, fire, and water; the four humors were fl bile, blood, yellow bile, and phlegm.
		Illness was presumed to be the result of an imbalance in the humors.
	spider.georgetowncollege.edu /english/allen/humors.htm (226 words)

	Humor Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		That is when an author revises written humor, he may discover extra layers of meaning, and like deglazing, he tries to work in as much flavor as he can without losing the timing and purity, which would, I guess, be burning the sauce, according to this ill-conceived metaphor.
		The principle here is that the emphasis or release of the humor must come clearly and directly with minimal distraction, and if possible, should also deliver the brunt of the humorous action.
		However, what's humorous is the foible of someone having such hostility, and as I said initially, of elevating the personal to the extraordinary.
	www.coldbacon.com /humortheory.html (2468 words)

	Theory of Humor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Social role of humor Seeing how much joy (emotional reward) people derive from humor, one could assume that there should be more serious social reason why such behavior would be rewarded, then letting out steam of urges.
		In many cases, people are ready to openly express more aggression, sexuality, and disagreement with authorities that they are suggesting in the jokes, so their jokes can hardly be viewed as a suppressed revolt.
		When we tell people things, we try to make sure that all their elements are interesting, so we include twists, references to sex, things they may like to hear or see or things their enemies wouldn't like to see.
	www.lucifer.com /~sasha/articles/humor.html (1324 words)

	Dilbert author reveals his theory of humor
		In the second and third frames, he uses his "theory" on humor, which he talked about later, to embellish some logical progression, and in the fourth, he twists on that progression, making the reader laugh.
		Something is humorous, according to Adams' theory (and he's doing pretty well with it), when it's bizarre, cute, mean, clever, naughty, or recognizable.
		He humorously talked about little nuances of his second career; he still works his day job, partly because it provides him with material.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V113/N55/dilbert.55a.html (768 words)

	Theorizing Satire - A Bibliography
		In an attempt to broaden the base of theory upon which to draw in discussions of satire, I've included works on related topics, such as humor, irony, language, and rhetoric.
		Users of this bibliography are invited to supply annotations (credit will be given to contributors both as I update the bibliography and when it is published), to suggest additional citations, and, of course, to correct any errors by sending me e-mail at connery@oakland.edu.
		James Nagel, "Catch 22 and Angry Humor: A Study of the Normative Values of Satire," Studies in American Humor 1.2 (October 1974): 99-106; Philip Stevick, "Prolegomena to the Study of Fictional Dreck," in Comic Relief: Humor in Contemporary American Literature, ed.
	www.otus.oakland.edu /english/showcase/satbib.htm (10776 words)

	Amazon.com: Humor Works: Books: John Morreall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Humor and Laughter : Theory, Research, and Applications by Antony Chapman
		Using dozens of examples and anecdotes, this book explores the connections between humor and creativity, teamwork, risk-taking, and effective communication.
		This is the theme of Morreall's book; he artfully illustrates with humor theory and practical tools for implemtation.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0874254000?v=glance (463 words)

	table of contents
		Use of Humor as a Method of Inquiry: Rational Humor
		Humor as Therapy: Therapeutic Humor and Philosophical Practice
		Humor Regarding Antipatriarchal Feminism (By Type of Humor)
	facstaff.uww.edu /shiblesw/humorbook (270 words)

	SHF: Profiles-Graham
		Research Interests: Contemporary Russian literature, culture, and cinema; humor theory; cultural studies; folklore; Central Asian cinema.
		Seth Graham received his Ph.D. in Russian Literature and Cultural Studies from the University of Pittsburgh.
		Seth is currently writing a monograph based on his dissertation, co-editing an anthology of articles about post-censorship Russian satire, and researching Central Asian cinema.
	fellows.stanford.edu /profiles/graham.html (199 words)

	Women's Humor as a Means of Connection and Resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Women's Humor as a Means of Connection and Resistance
		This document is designed to be viewed with a browser capable of displaying frames.
		Women's Humor as a Means of Both Connection and Resistance by Linda Naranjo-Huebl.
	www.fnsa.org /v1n4/huebl.html (61 words)

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