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	Wrasse - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Wrasse, common name for a family of over 400 species of brightly colored marine fishes found about coral reefs and rocky coasts of tropical and...
		The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored.
		The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is a wrasse that is mainly found in coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region.
	encarta.msn.com /Wrasse.html (162 words)

	State Aquatic Emblem: Selected species: Humphead Wrasse
		The Humphead Wrasse is generally bright electric blue to a duller blue/green, green or purplish blue.
		Humphead Wrasse mainly eat during the day and can be seen feasting on shellfish, crushing the shells to get to the animal within, fish, sea stars, sea urchins and crabs.
		Humphead Wrasse is mainly found on coral reef edges and drop-offs.
	www.getinvolved.qld.gov.au /emblem/ss_wrasse.html (343 words)

	Fish Tales - What Fish is That - Department of Fisheries, Govt of Western Australia
		These wrasse are ‘protogynous hermaphrodites’ which means they start their adult life as females and change to become males when they are older.
		Humphead maori wrasse are very wary of other animals in the wild, but in marine parks where fish are protected they often become tame and can be touched by divers.
		Humphead maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) are also known as humphead wrasse, maori wrasse, Napoleon wrasse, giant wrasse, humphead parrot fish and the double-headed wrasse.
	www.fish.wa.gov.au /fishtales/what/what_wrasse.htm (432 words)

	Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) « The Fish Directory
		The humphead wrasse is the largest living member of the family Labridae, with males reaching 6 feet (2 m) in length, while females rarely exceed about 3 feet (1 m).
		Some males grow very large, with one unconfirmed report of a Humphead Wrasse that was 7.75 feet (2.29 m) long and weighed 420 lbs (190.5 kg).
		Adults are confined to steep coral reef slopes, channel slopes, and lagoon reefs in water 3 to 330 feet (1-100 m) deep.
	seafishes.wordpress.com /2008/04/28/humphead-wrasse-cheilinus-undulatus (345 words)

	The Coral Reef Alliance - Confiscated Fish Released Back Into Marine Park, WWF, 02/09/06
		Bunaken, Indonesia – Hundreds of humphead wrasse were released back into the waters of the Bunaken National Marine Park after being confiscated from a fisherman who was intending to illegally sell the internationally-protected fish species abroad.
		Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) — also known as the Napolean wrasse — is an endangered species whose trade is regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
		Adult humphead wrasse are identified by thick lips and a prominent hump on their forehead, while juveniles are a light green colour, with two fl lines extending from behind the eye.
	www.coralreef.org /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=204&Itemid=14 (428 words)

	IUCN
		The humphead, or Napoleon, wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, is one of the largest of all reef fishes and the biggest of the wrasse family, the Labridae.
		Its lifespan of at least a couple of decades, and low replacement rates, mean that it is unlikely to recover readily from anything other than the low levels of local fishing effort to which it was exposed in the past.
		In the demand center of Hong Kong, campaigns of consumer education are being conducted and our Specialist Group works together with the government and local non-governmental organizations to raise awareness of the status of this species among live reef fish traders and to improve the collection of import data.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/news/wrasse.html (696 words)

	IUCN
		The IUCN Groupers and Wrasses Specialist Group is playing a central role in the development of a sustainable management plan for the Humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus fishery.
		Due to these declines, the Humphead wrasse was added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 2004.
		The stock assessment is being specially designed for the Humphead wrasse to factor in important aspects of its biology, such as female to male sex change.
	www.iucn.org /themes/Ssc/news/2006_articles/Humphead_wrasse_report.htm (895 words)

	Aquarium Fish
		This species, the humphead Maori wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), is one of the biggest bony fishes found on coral reefs.
		All of the Maori wrasses are thought to be protogynous hermaphrodites and at least some species exhibit sexual dichromatism and/or dimorphism.
		Their size of the cheeklined Maori wrasse has strong dentition and a highly predatory nature, which makes it a greater threat to potential fish and invertebrates tankmates.
	www.advancedaquarist.com /issues/mar2004/fish.htm (1738 words)

	Napoleon Wrasse Creature Feature - Diving with Humphead Wrasses
		Nowadays it is forbidden to feed Napoleon wrasse with eggs due to the high level of cholesterol that were found in dead specimens in the area.
		Napoleon wrasse are one of the few predators of toxic animals such as sea hares, boxfish and crown-of-thorns starfish, and are therefore an important part of the marine food chain in maintaining a balanced and healthy coral reef.
		Napoleon wrasses are extremely long-lived, known to survive for at least 30 years, and take around five to seven years to reach sexual maturity, meaning they are extremely slow to increase populations.
	www.dive-the-world.com /creatures-napoleon-wrasse.htm (1070 words)

	[No title]
		With the marine stock already exhausted in nearby waters, Hong Kong traders are reaching far and wide for increasingly rare fish such as groupers, snappers and humphead wrasse, spreading the unsustainable fishing habit across the Pacific.
		Humphead wrasse, also known as Napoleon wrasse, commands as much as $200 a kilo.
		Humphead wrasse still appears on menus in some restaurants in Hong Kong, though fish traders say it is increasingly rare and getting smaller.
	today.reuters.com /News/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=HKG58924 (983 words)

	Giant wrasse trained to respond to gong \| Practical Fishkeeping magazine
		A Giant humphead wrasse at The National Marine Aquarium in Plymouth is providing evidence that fish have a longer memory than many believe.
		The wrasse, named Bentley, has been taught to obediently swim from his main display tank into a small enclosure, where he is fed, at the sound of a ‘gong’.
		The Giant humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, which comes from the reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is listed as ‘endangered’ on the IUCN Red List.
	www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk /pfk/pages/item.php?news=1579 (399 words)

	The humhead wrasse Ð a threatened reef fish
		The humphead, Maori or Napoleon wrasse (to mention but a few of its many names), Cheilinus undulatus, is the largest member of the family Labridae and is widely distributed across the reefs of the Indo-Pacific.
		The humphead wrasse appears to be threatened wherever an export LRRFT market has developed, where night fishing on SCUBA is unchecked, where significant local fisheries are unmanaged, or where management is not enforced.
		The humphead wrasse cannot yet be hatchery-reared, despite claims to the contrary, and all fish in the trade are wild-caught.
	www.spc.int /coastfish/News/LRF/10/LRF10-03.htm (644 words)

	The Standard - Hong Kong's First FREE English Newspaper
		Demand for coral fish, considered a delicacy, has exploded in line with China's booming economy, and some species such as the humphead wrasse are already endangered.
		With the marine stock already exhausted in nearby waters, Hong Kong traders are reaching far and wide for increasingly rare fish such as groupers, snappers and humphead wrasse.
		Humphead wrasse, also known as Napoleon wrasse, commands as much as US$200 (HK$1,560) a kilogram.
	www.thestandard.com.hk /news_detail.asp?we_cat=4&art_id=41030&sid=12837486&con_type=1&d_str=20070327 (673 words)

	WWF - Humphead wrasse
		The humphead wrasse is one of the largest coral reef fishes and occurs patchily throughout much of the Indo-Pacific region.
		Non-consumptive use of humphead wrasse is also particularly valuable to SCUBA diving operators.
		Some mature humphead wrasse can be found on the same stretch of reef for extended periods of time, creating special eco-tourism attractions for recreational divers of some range states such as Australia, Egypt, Indonesia and Malaysia.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/species/about_species/species_factsheets/humphead_wrasse/index.cfm (297 words)

	Save Our Environment, save the world
		HUMPHEAD wrasses (also known as Napoleon or Maori wrasse) are among the most beautiful, yet bizarre-looking, fish in the sea.
		Apart from the humphead wrasse, various species of groupers are also netted in large numbers for the live reef fish trade, triggering yet another worry.
		From the massive number of humpheads holed up in the floating pens, it is impossible to tell that this is a fish species classed as "endangered" by the IUCN-World Conservation Union and whose trade is governed by the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (Cites).
	savetheworld2u.blogspot.com (4339 words)

	Protection Plea For Reef Fish
		The humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, is a distinctive coral reef fish, which lives in the Indo-Pacific.
		Its rarity, and the fact that it is a prized delicacy, means the humphead wrasse can retail at around US$130/kg, making it one of the most valuable fish in the live reef fish trade.
		The humphead wrasse is caught using cyanide, which stuns the fish, before it is shipped to restaurants in Hong Kong or China, where it waits in tanks to be chosen by hungry diners.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/plea2004.html (460 words)

	WWF China
		The world's largest coral reef fish, the Humphead Wrasse is a prized delicacy served in high-end restaurants with a price tag of over USD100 per kg.
		In Hong Kong SAR, a permit from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) is required for the import, introduction from the sea, export, re-export and possession of Humphead Wrasse and its derivatives.
		"The major challenges come from Humphead Wrasse being transported by sea, as regulations requiring permits for Humphead Wrasse transported by sea to Hong Kong are relatively new," said Andy Cornish, Conservation Director of WWF Hong Kong.
	www.wwfchina.org /english/loca.php?loca=431 (630 words)

	Media Monitor -- STREAM initiative --
		The humphead wrasse is a coral reef fish which, due to its capture by cyanide fishing for the live fish market, has become extremely rare.
		However, as wrasses are only sexually mature after five years, taking juvenile fish has a serious impact on the breeding dynamics of the species.
		Additionally, wrasse used to be caught by hook and line or hand spear, but commercial fishing traders now use cyanide to stun and capture wrasse alive for the lucrative trade.
	www.streaminitiative.org /Library/MediaMonitor/2004/October_2004/Legislation/fog0000000121.html (664 words)

	Looking for Nemo Expedition - Day 20
		The humphead or giant wrasse is the largest wrasse in the world.
		The humphead wrasse gets its name from the large hump it has on its forehead.
		The whole time we are in the water the humphead wrasse never gets totally used to us and keeps its distance from us.
	www.theoceanadventure.com /NemoIE03/DAY20Nemo.html (988 words)

	37¢ Humphead Wrasse PSA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is not unusual to see a large humphead wrasse swimming by with broken urchin spines sticking out of its lips.
		The humphead wrasse is usually faithful to the same home area, sleeping in the same cave every night.
		The humphead wrasse ranges from the Red Sea to the Tuamotus, north to the Ryukyus and south to New Caledonia.
	www.unicover.com /EA1CC86N.htm (455 words)

	X-Ray Mag - International Dive Magazine. Subscription is free
		Hundreds of humphead wrasse were released back into the waters of the Bunaken National Marine Park after being confiscated from a fisherman who was intending to illegally sell the internationally-protected fish species abroad.
		Indonesian police confiscating humphead wrasse from a fishing boat near the Bunaken National Marine Park.
		Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) — also known as the Napolean wrasse — is an endangered species whose trade is regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
	www.xray-mag.com /article/163/Indonesia:_Hundreds_of_endangered_coral_reef_fish_released (434 words)

	Wally the Napoleon Maori Wrasse in the Great Barrier Reef by Tim Saxon
		The Napoleon wrasse is one of the largest reef fish in the world and is the largest member of the wrasse family.
		The enormous size of the adult fish is made even more imposing by the prominent hump that develops on their forehead, from which they earn their common name.
		Humphead wrasse are extremely long-lived, known to survive for at least 30 years and taking around 5 to 7 years to reach sexual maturity.
	www.timsaxon.co.uk /wally.html (398 words)

	Porcupine! 34- Vertebrates - What happened to the humphead wrasse, after its CITES Appendix II listing?
		The sustainable management of a large, uncommon, reef fish, like the humphead, is a challenge, given how little we know of the species, how poor the fishery and export data are in most countries, and how difficult the species is to study.
		This is one of the major problems with this fishery because it removes late stage juveniles and small adults from the wild before they have had a chance to reproduce and replenish fished populations.
		Ultimately, the aim is to make the stock assessment format generic enough that any interested country can use it, plug in their own parameters (such as local fish densities and areas of high and low fishing pressure) and tailor a quota to their specific and national needs.
	www.hku.hk /ecology/porcupine/por34/34-vert1-wrasse.htm (1333 words)

	The Saipan SCUBA Diving Blog: Catch of the Day - Saipan’s Napoleon wrasse controversy!
		The Napoleon wrasse is one of the few predators of toxic animals such as sea hares, boxfishes and crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS).
		Although the Napoleon wrasse is one of the largest reef fish, it is usually easily scared off.
		If there are real concerns out there about the preservation of the napoleon wrasse then there should have been efforts made to educate and solicit fishermen, especially spear fishermen to reframe from harvesting the wrasse, even in the absence of law or regulations.
	saipanscuba.blogspot.com /2008/02/catch-of-day.html (3537 words)

	China hunger for reef fish emptying Asian seas
		Their ship Hoi Wan was carrying more than 300 live humphead wrasse destined for Hong Kong.
		Cheung Chisun, a senior Hong Kong official in charge of endangered species, said thousands of humphead wrasse had arrived in Hong Kong since last December, mostly from Indonesia, although more than half were re-exported to mainland China.
		Humphead wrasse still appears on menus in some restaurants in Hong Kong, although traders say the fish has become increasingly rare and smaller as well.
	www.asianjournal.com /?c=186&a=19127 (1039 words)

	The humphead wrasse – a threatened reef fish
		Historically the Humphead wrasse was prized for its flavour and texture.
		The Humphead wrasse cannot yet be hatchery-reared at commercial levels, so all fish in trade are wild-caught.
		Due to documented declines, the Humphead wrasse was listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1996 and later upgraded to endangered.
	www.humpheadwrasse.info /page/state.html (726 words)

	Porcupine! 26- Vertebrate--The humphead wrasse: a threatened species
		Reproductive biology of Halichoeres nigrescens, the bubblefin wrasse
		The humphead, Maori or Napoleon wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus (So Mei in Cantonese), is one of the largest reef fishes in the world, exceeding 2 m in maximum length and 30 years of age.
		Long-lived and slow maturing fishes such as the humphead, which takes about 5 years to become sexually mature at about 50 cm in total length, are particularly vulnerable to overfishing and the humphead wrasse has declined significantly in many parts of its geographic range because of overexploitation.
	www.hku.hk /ecology/porcupine/por26/26-vert-wrasse.htm (240 words)

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