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Topic: Hundred Thousand Billion Poems

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	Oulipo
		Queneau's Exercices de Style[?], in which he tells the same simple story ninety-nine times, each in a different style.
		His Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes (Hundred Thousand Billion Poems) is inspired by children's picture books in which each page is cut into horizontal strips which can be turned independently, allowing different pictures (usually of people) to be combined in many ways.
		Snowball: a poem in which each line is a single word, and each successive word is one letter longer.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ou/Oulipo.html (390 words)

	the inbetweens
		The hundred thousand billion poems is an ineresting concept, and when the reader engages it, it is certainly more than a linear poem or collection of poems.
		And yet it is still a poem or collection to poems.
		The www is in itself, not a single invention, but an entity (that usage scares me) facilitated by perhaps hundreds of prior inventions/discoveries.
	sky.prohosting.com /4673/blog/archives_97921.html (732 words)

	Chapter 1: Ergodic Literature
		The words of these poems are spread out in several directions to form a picture on the page, with no clear sequence in which to be read.
		Given the seminatural vocabulary of some modern programing languages, it is not uncommon for programers to write poems in them, often with the constraint that the "poegrams" (or whatever) must make sense to the machine as well.
		Although the output of these generators are linear stories or poems, the systems themselves are clearly ergodic textual machines, with unlimited possibility for variation.
	oook.info /sabb/aarseth.html (7249 words)

	Oulipo: A Primer of Potential Literature (French Literature Series) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The form typically follows a protagonists conflict with society and in the end the protagonist either achieves some kind of reconciliation with society or dies; the form of the novel performs as both a platform for an anarchic point of view but also reassures its audience that eccentricity will be absorbed in the end.
		Raymond Queneaus Cent Mille Millards de Poems (One hundred thousand billion poems), expresses the Oulipian ideal.
		It is a series of ten sonnets contrived so that each line of each sonnet can be replaced with any corresponding line of the other ten sonnets, sort of like a sonnet version of one of those childrens flip-books where you can change the head of animals.
	www.duchs.com /isbn/1564781879 (1107 words)

	EXPERIMENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lexical translation: Take a poem in a foreign language that you can pronounce but not necessarily understand and translate it word for word with the help of a bilingual dictionary. (Rewrite to suit?) "Language Is a Virus" provides a translation engine.
		Imitation: Write a poem in the style of each of a dozen poets who you like and dislike. Try to make it as close to a forgery of an "unknown" poem of the author as possible.
		For example, take a poem and erase all but one part of speech, leaving the visual layout intact, or read it backward or otherwise re-order it, or translate it (using any of the translation excercises listed here), Alternately, use these experiments as a way to rewrite or transform your own poems.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /bernstein/experiments.html (2922 words)

	Casey's Blog
		In my multimedia writing and literature class, an assignment was given to read a selection by the Oulipo called "A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems." At first the title confused me, then the "poem" confused me. There seemed to be just a random gathering of sentences on a page.
		This poem was an illustration of potential literature.
		The reader can interchange lines wherever he or she (or it in the case of a computer, but more on that later) desires.
	personal.centenary.edu /~cmuller/blog (697 words)

	When Chickens Get the Vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Three thousand and sixty four was the first time that chickens were allowed the vote.
		In Three Thousand and forty four a law was passed in which only demanded the possession of lips as a requirement of voting.
		From Three thousand and forty five to three thousand and sixty three, written tests were required.
	www.yip.org /text/chickens.htm (312 words)

	-----:Voices: ----- The Women's College Magazine at Santa Monica College
		The six billion human beings that inhabit the Earth have drastically altered the planet’s landscapes and functions.
		Six billion people need a tremendous amount of space and resources in order to survive.
		With the human population increasing by three thousand five hundred people every twenty minutes, more and more will be needed to accommodate our growing human race (“Population”).
	www.smc.edu /voices/contents/overpop.htm (831 words)

	ENGL 467: Computer and Text (Spring 2004): Logging On
		These poems are more akin to "found" poetry than to anything else--it is the reader (or medium) who "finds" and assembles the poem from a set of preexisting textual pieces.
		His intent may not have been so much in the meaning of each individual poem, but just to simply (or not so simply) show the diversity of language, even when constrained to the form of a poem.
		By showing the reader that a number of given lines can take on the form of a poem, even many of the same lines, he gives me the impression that poetry can in fact be quite meaningless.
	www.otal.umd.edu /~mgk/courses/spring2004/467/archives/000267.php (998 words)

	The Academy of American Poets - Into the Maze: OULIPO
		If you think that you’d be cheating by considering the results as a poem, for instance, because the writing wasn’t thought out or transformative enough, then you’d be closer to the spirit of the Oulipo.
		The connection between the two literary movements is not arbitrary; Queneau had been a Surrealist but defected from its ranks in the 1930s after a riff with André Breton.
		The concerns of the original members of the Oulipo were, at least, two-fold: on the one hand they wanted to write literature that could not be easily consumed and disposed of, literature that was always in the making.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5916 (945 words)

	John Greschak - Composers on Mathematical Music: Subtext 6033310 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Let’s take those 12 tones, in any one register, and see what the possibilities are of their melodic combinations.
		Through an awe-striking mathematical formula, it turns out that the maximum number of possible melodic combinations of these 12 notes is the following astronomical figure: one billion, three hundred and two million, sixty-one thousand, three hundred and forty-four, without ever repeating any one note in any one pattern.
		Obviously the number of possible combinations of the 12 tones as chords is also one billion, three hundred and two million, and so on.
	www.greschak.com /poems/comm/s6033310.htm (481 words)

	The Pixel/The Line
		"A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems" is the text with which Raymond Queneau and François Le Lionnais founded the Oulipo in the early 1960s.
		Writing becomes as much about the design of the interaction and textual recombination processes (which will determine the units that appear, and what relation they have to the reader's body) as it is about the composition of the units fed into the system.
		Yet it might be argued that these systems represent no more than an extension of the approach of "A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems" -- moving beyond the combinatory possibilities of paperspace to video pixels and simple computation.
	www.electronicbookreview.com /thread/firstperson/unpaginational (447 words)

	dan richert
		This piece is an attempt to explore the reproductive capabilites of a closed, individualized associative system (Stevens’ poem) when pushed into the context of an open, collective associative system (the Web).
		The consequences of this collision come in a cloud of narrative fragments that, although often highly disparate, are re-presented in an attempt to evoke novel cognitive integration.
		The Apocryphon of Tom Hater Oct 8, 03:24 AM The excerpt is pulled from a text of six hundred sixty-six sections generated from the combination of Samuel Pepys’ diary entry for September 2, 1666 (the first day of the Great Fire of London) and Chapter 13 of the book of Revelation.
	phxom.matterwave.net (1572 words)

	TEAnO or the computer assesited generation of artistic manufactured goods seen as a constrained flux of consciousness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A potential literary work can thus be “played” rather than read: the user is provided with the game rules and a set of and the basic elements to be combined and recombined according to the given rules.
		Some of the Oplepo productions was related to the constructions of poems in which each verse was an anagram of a previously defined set of letters; a program has been developed to help the authors in this kind of work.
		Perec (who published in France the work "Ulcérations" composed exclusively of anagrams of the French word ulcérations) and R. Campagnoli (who published in Italy the work "Edulcoranti" composed exclusively of anagrams of the Italian word edulcoranti), this editor helps the user in writing poetry or prose consisting exclusively of various anagrams of a selected word.
	www.generativeart.com /2000/TEANO.HTM (3729 words)

	A Billion Godawful Sonnets
		The early twentieth-century French Surrealist poet Raymond Queneau produced a book called Cent Mille Milliards de Poèmes (A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems).
		The titles are also random; including their variations in the count of permutations results in over 15 billion (1.536 x 10
		Below is a button which at some point when we are inspired or get some help with the code will elicit the same sonnet variants, sans duplications, using Perl.
	www.fibitz.com /sonnets/sonnets.html (279 words)

	Introduction: Close Reading Electronic Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the first essay of the hypertext-section, Joseph Tabbi analyzes the migration from print to electronic text of Stephanie Strickland's poem True North in an attempt to identify the forces that are transforming literary culture and its study in our time.
		By declaring cybertext a worthwhile object for research, Aarseth expands the realm of literary criticism to a whole range of textual phenomena from short poems to complex computer programs and databases.
		However, cybertextuality is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a perspective on all forms of textuality which permits to expand literary studies to phenomena that have been hitherto marginalized.
	www.culturelestudies.be /closereadingnewmedia/introduction.htm (7142 words)

	Contentware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Wherever you open this book you can see a sonnet you will never see again, since this volume contains between its refined covers a hundred thousand billion poems which is more than enough to read for a million centuries.
		Irrespective of the number of those who visited a text on the net in a month - one hundred thousand readers read one of the texts and nobody read the other one - the medium that is the material copy is the same in both cases.
		The unit of recording is not a poem nor a manuscript or a printed book, but encountering these.
	magyar-irodalom.elte.hu /contentware/contente.htm (3820 words)

	WEBLIO
		This site includes SoftPoems ("Kinetic visual poetry for the PC that can be downloaded"), texts about hypertext and multimedia poetry and fiction by the author, as well as "The CyberLit Directory", a list of authors writing cybertext poetry and fiction.
		The lines of the sonnet created by Queneau can be permutated up to 10 to the 14th power, creating one hundred thousand billion poems.
		A Story As You Like It is the title of a text by Raymond Queneau developed after the "tree" model of computer programming languages.
	www.ekac.org /Webliolinks.html (719 words)

	Philosophie contre intelligence artificielle - Chapitre 5
		It is actually a pity, as it was reproached to the pope, not to integrate results of biblical critique, which historically (and not subjectively) relativizes its message.
		Indeed, it is not scandalous to admit that truth is not entirely contained in a text written two or three thousand years ago.
		[NOTE 96] We can possibly remind the Queneau’s A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems, explicitly referring to the possibility of generating an infinity of poems by computer, in the very beginning of data processing.
	jbolo.exergue.com /html/philovsia-05.html (15220 words)

	The Daily Bleed Working Archived reference material: A Calendar Better Than Boiled Coffee! Timeline, Chronology, Labor, ...
		Last May 25, 1998, hundreds of activists blockaded the posh Sheraton Center Hotel, which was hosting the $1000 per delegate Conference de Montreal.
		Canadian poet & teacher Tom Wayman points out that it is unreasonable to expect people to function fully in a democratic society when the bulk of their experiences -- whether in schools or workplaces -- are fundamentally undemocratic.
		One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems : Adaptation hypertextuelle des Cent mille milliards de poèmes que son auteur Raymon Queneau aurait sûrement appréciée mais que les héritiers de Queneau ont forcé à retirer...
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/3205.htm (10047 words)

	Test Questions for 259
		Raymond Queneau’s recombinant poem [22] appeared originally as a “flip book” which allowed you to (re)arrange a sonnet.
		This method of creating texts is analogous to that of [23] who called it [24].
		A) A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems B) 14 x 14 C) Infinite Jest D) Forking Paths
	www.ccr.buffalo.edu /anstey/TEACHING/259_S05/midterm.html (1836 words)

	Digital Poetics: Syllabus
		Computers are no longer merely tools (if they ever were) but are complex systems that increasingly produce the conditions, ideologies, assumptions, and practices that help to constitute what we call reality.
		The Great Figure: a codex poem, a painting, a video, and a poem-that-goes
		QUESTION: The medium of Howard's poems is Flash programming.
	english.uiowa.edu /courses/morris/newmediapoetics/syllabus05.html (755 words)

	village voice > books > Witch Grass by Raymond Queneau by Joshua Clover
		A Would-Be Stanley Kowalski urges you to cut your losses and feed your desire.
		Raymond Queneau essentially launched the hyper-playful Oulipo tradition with the famed Hundred Thousand Billion Poems—a series of 10 sonnets with perfectly interchangeable lines.
		But by then, Queneau had put in a life's work already, including The Sunday of Life, infused with the author's peculiar mix of metaphysics and melancholic sweetness; and the hilarious, astounding Exercises in Style, which retells one mundane anecdote in 99 different manners.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0313/clover.php (604 words)

	Page 2 Poems About Cowboy Poetry www.CowboyPoetry.com
		There's a hundred thousand ranchers that are left here in this land,
		This poem may not be reprinted or reposted without the author's written permission.
		CowboyPoetry.com is a project of the Center for Western and Cowboy Poetry, Inc., a Federal and California tax-exempt non-profit 501 (c) (3) organization.
	www.cowboypoetry.com /aboutcp2.htm (2309 words)

	syllabus
		Six Selections by the Oulipo One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems
		From A Thousand Plateaus Gilles Deleuze and FÃ©lix Guattari, 1980
		The Web-published fiction The Electronic Chronicles; records of the Parkbench performances; the hypervideo documentary Jerome B. Wiesner: A Random Walk Through the 20th Century; and the dancing baby.
	www.ccr.buffalo.edu /anstey/TEACHING/259_S05/syllabus.html (807 words)

	Lecture 11
		Think about placement of text on your screen, good design choices.
		Think about Oulipo's format for their "A Hundred Thousand Billion Poems" by Ramond Queneau.
		Generate a 5-part narrative or poem like the Oulipo choose-your-own-adventure.
	www.art.uiuc.edu /courses/spring06/arts441m/syllabus/lecture11.html (1011 words)

	SqueezeOC.com - Mathematical murder mystery
		I think it's understandable when you're experiencing it."
		(They claim inspiration from Raymond Queneau's "Hundred Thousand Billion Poems.") The script, written with help from Amy Finkel, Nathan Phillips and Joe Schiappa, is unexpectedly funny, particularly the haughty and immature Nathan character, who says: "I don't hand out advice.
		For Beall, a high-tech gallery in UCI created for the purpose of promoting interactive and video art, "5 'til 12" qualifies as art because it makes visitors think about how they interact with technology.
	www.squeezeoc.com /squeezeoc/goingout/arttheater/article_970820.php (726 words)

	Voice of the Shuttle: Technology of Writing Page
		one hundred thousand billion poems (requires Netscape; crashes Lynx)
		The Informedia Project ("research initiative at Carnegie Mellon University funded by the NSF, DARPA, NASA and others, that studies how multimedia Digital Libraries can be established and used.
		Informedia is building a multimedia library that will contain over a thousand hours of digital video, and audio, images, text and other related materials")
	www.uni-ulm.de /uni/intgruppen/memosys/usb-tech.htm (2962 words)

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