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Topic: Hungarian Civic Party

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	BBC News \| Europe \| Hungarian Civic Party triumphs
		Prime Minister Gyula Horn congratulates the Civic Party on its victory(In Hungarian)
		After the political changes in Hungary, the Association became a liberal political party; it then renamed itself the Hungarian Civic Party and moved slightly to the right of the political spectrum.
		Minimum change is expected in foreign policy in the hands of the Hungarian Civic Party although analysts believe there could be a slight toughening in the country's negotiating position in talks to join the European Union.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/99886.stm (466 words)

	László Kéri
		These were the parties that put together programmes for changing the political and economic system in the political struggles at the end of the communist period in 1987 and 1988.
		The Hungarian Democratic Forum was the first to build up a national organization and to collect together elements of the dissatisfied intelligentsia in the provinces; to a large extent it was able to rely on the mood and demands which emerged during the dramatically rapid changes of 1988-90.
		As the party of Hungarian Christian Democracy, it would have liked to continue where István Barankovics was forced to leave off in 1949, but after the passage of forty years this proved difficult.
	www.hungarianquarterly.com /no149/82.html (1299 words)

	Hungarian Crown
		Instead of simply admitting responsibility, he explained on Hungarian state television that the dual position he holds (foreign minister and party chief) is too heavy a burden, saying: "[I] cannot fulfill my duties as foreign minister and fight for the cause of the MSZP at the same time," according to AP.
		In a highly polarized environment in which FIDESZ and parties placed on its right remind Hungarians day and night that the Socialists are former communists and claim the MSZP has changed its name but not its habits, Kovacs could be used by the opposition to serve as the embodiment of that alleged fallacious transformation.
		Fewer Hungarians may care about the past than the opposition would like to believe, but the trouble of the current MSZP-SZDSZ ruling coalition is that a lot of Hungarians care about the present and worry about the future.
	www.exorthodoxforchrist.com /hungarian_crown.htm (1180 words)

	Divers - altfel despre minoritati (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		LPE document said that some 60% of the employees with the Prefecture of Harghita County are Romanians, 40% are ethnic Hungarians, and 95% of the employees with Harghita County Council are ethnic Hungarians, and the rest of 5% are Romanians.
		Within the institutions subordinated to CJ Harghita, 75% of the employees are ethnic Hungarians and 25% are Romanian, and 95% of the employees with Miercurea Ciuc City Hall are ethnic Hungarians and 5% are Romanians.
		The survey also showed that all the public servants with Sibiu Prefecture are Romanians, 50% of the servants with the Sibiu County Council are Romanians and one German, and 148 of the employees with Sibiu City Hall are Romanians, 4 of whom belong to the minorities.
	www.divers.ro /cgi-bin/buletin_en.py?id=213 (1674 words)

	Nationali issues and party system polarization in Slovakia
		Party positions on this issue ranged from a preference for the status quo--a common state consisting of two federated republics--held by the parties of the Hungarian Coalition (MK) (1992b; 1992e) and the Civic Democratic Union (ODÚ) to a preference for an "independent national state" held by the Slovak National Party (SNS) (1992c).
		The educational policies endorsed by the Hungarian parties combined aspects of both the linguistic and self-administration components, proposing guarantees of Hungarian-language education at the primary and secondary levels and its expansion to the university level as well as for expansion of local control over the educational process and educational resources.
		The political leaders of the Hungarian parties could argue that their ethnic group was too large (12% of the population) and concentrated and had too lengthy a governing tradition to be considered as just one of eleven national minorities.
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/papers/apsa1998n.htm (12601 words)

	Hungary: A Growing Tolerance for Anti-Semitism - Printable Version
		The three parties have a combined 213 seats or 55 percent of the total 386 seats in Parliament.
		In his party newspaper, Magyar Forum, Csurka criticized the government for doing nothing about the fact that Hungary is represented by mostly Jewish authors or topics with Jewish themes at the Frankfurt fair.
		Hungarian Jews are especially sensitive about the issue of war memorials because no administration here has ever built a monument to its murdered Jews.
	www.adl.org /international/hungary_print.asp (1849 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1999 - Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to a report by the Hungarian Helsinki Committee, persons detained by police complain of abuse, but very few file official complaints because they do not expect positive results and fear that the complaint may affect their cases adversely.
		All that has been established is that a businesswoman with close ties to the Socialist Party asked a parliamentary guard to surveil a FIDESZ Member of Parliament who had attacked her in a speech in Parliament.
		No legal impediments hinder women's participation in government or the political process, although they are underrepresented in relation to their percentage of the population; only 33 of 386 parliamentary representatives are women, and 1 woman serves in the Cabinet.
	www.usemb.se /human/human1999/hungary.html (8324 words)

	Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union (in Hungarian: Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség) is a large centre-right conservative and Christian Democratic political party in Hungary; it is also frequently described as a nationalist party.
		Fidesz switched from liberalism to conservativism in the mid-90's, which caused a break within the party, many of its members left it, mainly for the other liberal party, SZDSZ which then joined the socialist party MSZP right after the 1994 elections.
		The main criticism was that the party was in a financial trouble and they made this action to resolve those problems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fidesz_%E2%80%93_Hungarian_Civic_Union (742 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2000 - Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Opposition parties were seeking to hold a special parliamentary session on this and other issues, but the Government was opposed to resolving the issue in this manner.
		Hungarian women are trafficked to Western Europe or other parts of the world, primarily to Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands but also to Canada, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, and Turkey.
		Hungarian victims are mainly young women, although they also include men, middle-aged women, and children.
	www.usemb.se /human/2000/europe/hungary.html (9766 words)

	Government - Hungary - Europe
		Between 1948 and 1989 the Communists controlled all levels of government in Hungary, and the head of the Communist Party was the country’s most powerful leader.
		Soon afterward, the Hungarian parliament revised the 1949 constitution to create a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which power is reserved for the people and exercised through their elected representatives.
		Multiparty elections were held in 1990, and the Hungarian Democratic Forum, a non-Communist Party, won the majority of parliamentary seats.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/hungary/government.htm (146 words)

	NGO News - Issue 21 - AFTER THE REVOLUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fidesz and its conservative coalition partner, the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), were narrowly defeated in parliamentary voting by the post-communist Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP) and the liberal Alliance of Free Democrats (SzDSZ).
		Not only did the party leaders have to prove that they were more than just a bunch of unshaven, albeit very talented, university students.
		Although unsuccessful in their bid to form an all-party coalition to keep politics on track, Fidesz did manage to convince the general public and opinion leaders of their sincerity and ability.
	www.ngonet.org /news/21_08.html (1859 words)

	[No title]
		In the last elections in April 2002, the Hungarian Socialist Party Alliance of Free Democrats (MSzP-SzDSz) won 198 of 386 seats, narrowly defeating the then Prime Minister Viktor OrbÃ¡n's League of Young Democrats (FIDESz) - Hungarian Civic Party.
		Another conservative party, the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), was formed by former members of the FIDESz, and led by Ms.
		A total of 8,112 Hungarians abroad registered for the 1sts round, and 5,944 for the second round, of whom 6,679 and 4,269 respectively cast ballots, or 82.33% and 71.82%; largely surpassing the national turnout.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/2141_E.htm (613 words)

	The Hungarian Quarterly, VOLUME XLV * No. 175 * Autumn 2004
		The expectations are not good for a governing party that keeps putting off unpopular measures, while its members abuse their position in order to advance their own private interests and, while they are at it, engage in power struggles and back-stabbing.
		As far as the quality of political discourse is concerned, I think it is a positive development that none of the extremist parties got a seat in the European Parliament and that the chances of the Alliance of Free Democrats have improved.
		In sum, the EU today is just as diverse and multicultural as Europe itself: in some countries the conservatives have the upper hand, in others the socialists or the liberals, and the European elections have reflected this diversity-they have reflected the stupidity, the successes and the failures.
	www.hungarianquarterly.com /no175/11.html (3137 words)

	Central Europe Review - Hungarian News Review
		Free Democrat István Szent-Iványi, speaking about the far right Freedom Party's participation in government, said, "For Hungary, as a country ahead of accession, this is unacceptable." He added that, while Austria has the right to choose whatever government it wishes, the concern expressed by EU countries should be considered.
		Not surprisingly, Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) leader István Csurka said it was "a joy" to see the Freedom Party join the government.
		The Socialist Party believe a move to a professional army would increase annual spending by only HUF 40 to 45 billion (USD 170 to 190 million).
	www.ce-review.org /00/5/hungarynews5.html (1617 words)

	Hungary
		The Nazi invasion of Hungary in March 1944 led to the destruction of much of Hungarian Jewry: close to 600,000 people were murdered, with considerable collaboration by the Hungarian authorities.
		At the trial in March 1996, despite general public expectations and to the consternation of many, the four were acquitted: the court concluded that there had been no incitement to racial hatred and that the defendants had merely availed themselves of freedom of speech.
		The foundation is expected to distribute funds to Hungarian Holocaust survivors and oversee property and restitution claims by heirs of Holocaust victims.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/hungary/hungary.htm (1503 words)

	Red Sun Rising - Hungary's Elections
		These very two parties now won the first round of the elections in Hungary, narrowly defeating the center-right coalition led by Fidesz (the Hungarian Civic Party) and the Hungarian Democratic Forum.
		It is a non-territorial kind of expansionism and it encompasses all the Hungarians wronged by the treaty of Trianon and doomed to become minorities in neighboring countries.
		Quoted in Hungarian Radio, deputy parliamentary group leader, Csaba Lentner, said that "it could have tragic consequences if the 250,000 MIEP voters will not even receive a good word from the centre-right for their unselfish sacrifice (in voting for Fidesz in the second round, as their leadership recommended)".
	samvak.tripod.com /pp134.html (1886 words)

	Hungary Update - European Forum
		Even though the Hungarian experience with economic reforms had the smallest social price in the post-communist region, the reduction of real incomes in the 90s, which only reached pre-1989 levels in 2002, was a big shock to Hungarian society.
		The Hungarian Socialist Party is the direct successor of the Socialist Workers’ Party — a post-communist party, despite the claims of its current leaders to exactly the opposite.
		Analysts see his position as a burden for the party, since the conservative opposition is referring to his alleged membership of the post-1956 communist pufajkas (fur coats) vigilante squads.
	www.europeanforum.net /country/hungary (4877 words)

	Slovakia Roundtable in the United States
		The parties represented were the Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement; the Party of the Democratic Left; the Hungarian Civic Party; Coexistence (a Hungarian party); the Democratic Union; the Slovak Workers' Association; the Christian Democratic Movement; the Slovak National Party; and the Social Democratic Party.
		Participants from the opposition parties voiced their concern that Slovakia's transition to democracy could be threatened by the rise of an authoritarian government and an intensification of nationalism.
		According to a Hungarian participant, access by minorities, especially to the Ministry of Culture, has been restricted at the same time that funds for supporting minority cultures have been cut or have been used by the Ministry of Culture to subsidize the publication of inserts targeted at ethnic minorities in several progovernment Slovak periodicals.
	www.per-usa.org /sl_rndt.htm (6027 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		Opposition parties criticized the concentration of power in the prime minister’s hands, but the changes clearly jibe with the constitutional framework.
		The Court held that the mandates of parties shall be as free and equal as the mandates for the individual MPs.
		The act was passed with the support of the then-governing parties (HDF, ISP, and the Christian Democratic People’s Party), as well as the two opposition parties (AFD and HSP).
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol7num3/constitutionwatch/hungary.html (2252 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Hungarian Socialists deny illegal spying accusation
		Senior members of the Hungarian Socialist Party have denied that the former Socialist-led government carried out illegal surveillance operations against the prime minister, Viktor Orban, and his party during the recent general election.
		In a statement, the Socialists said the allegations were a deliberate attempt to divert attention away from the prime minister's own party's difficulties.
		It called for an immediate investigation into the allegations Mr Orban told a meeting of his Hungarian Civic Party he had documents proving that illegal eavesdropping had been carried out.
	www.snapshield.com /www_problems/Hungary/Hungarian_Socialists.htm (106 words)

	IFES Election Guide - Election Profile for Hungary
		Parties must capture 5% of votes to be allocated seats through regional constituencies.
		Main parties in the Second Round of the electoral race:
		Main parties in the First Round of the electoral race:
	www.electionguide.org /election.php?ID=419 (158 words)

	The American Hungarian Federation - Founded 1906
		The American Hungarian Federation honored the memory of the heroes of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, at a gala dinner at the prestigious Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., on October 20th.
		In what hopes to be an annual revival of the famed Hungarian Ball in Washington, the gala, fl-tie affair raised funds to support the Hungarian Scouts of Washington, D.C., and a series of events commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Hungarian historical communities living in the countries neighboring
		The American Hungarian Federation is sponsoring the Hungary 1956 Portal as part of its goals to coordinate and assist member organizations across the country as it continues plans for kicking off a year of events leading up to October 2006.
	www.americanhungarianfederation.org (2441 words)

	Europe and Central Asia 2001
		Even as Hungary moved closer to joining the European Union, Prime Minister Viktor Orban and his right-wing Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Party (Fidesz-MPP) continued to bully Hungary's public service broadcasters and retaliate against unfavorable coverage in the independent media.
		In addition, a new press freedom group was established in 2001.The Budapest-based Hungarian Press Freedom Center seeks to protect and enhance press freedom in Hungary through advocacy, research, training, and legal assistance for journalists.
		Magyar Hirlap journalists were unable to cover a FIDESZ congress in the southern Hungarian city of Szeged while the ban was in effect.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/europe01/hungary.html (508 words)

	Economic Program of Hungary's Mainstream Opposition--Interview with Economic Adviser
		Although the polls predict a comfortable victory for the Hungarian Socialist Party in the May 10 parliamentary election, one can never count out the element of surprise, especially as one-third of the electorate is still undecided.
		Victor Orban, leader of FIDESZ, has been demonized lately in the Hungarian media, depicted as a right-wing nationalist who, in power, would endanger Hungary’s NATO membership and would make accession to the European Union more difficult.
		Still, you lag behind the Socialist Party in the polls—the latest shows the Socialists can count on 43 percent of committed votes, while FIDESZ, the second most popular party, trails behind with only 24 percent.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/trans/feb98/economic.htm (1156 words)

	Kokkalis Program
		A 5% minimum threshold is necessary to enter the Parliament.
		A centre-left coalition government comprising of the Hungarian Socialist Party and the Alliance of Free Democrats.
		Institute of World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /kokkalis/region_hungary.html (253 words)

	Government's Handling EU Debate On Hungarian Romany Dilettante
		Csaba Tabajdi, opposition deputy and minister in charge of minorities in the previous, Socialist government, has said that the Hungarian government ignored, or was unprepared for, the Council of Europe and European parliamentary debate on the situation of Hungarian Romany.
		Jozsef Krasznai, leader of the Romany delegation whose direct complaints to Strasbourg forced the debate, said that he was close to taking another 200 Romany to the West soon.
		Now, for the Hungarian government, for Hungarian diplomacy, to act as if this affair had never happened and to take no action whatsoever, well.
	www.romnews.com /a/207-00.html (922 words)

	Teaching Resources
		Alliance of Young Democrats - Hungarian Civic Party
		Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
		Embassy of Hungary, Washington, D.C. Permanent Mission of Hungary to the UN Office for Hungarian Minorities Abroad
	www.unc.edu /depts/europe/teachingresources/hungary.htm (63 words)

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