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	Hungarian Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hungarian Communist Party (in Hungarian: Magyar Kommunista Párt or Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) was founded on November 24, 1918, and was in power in Hungary briefly from March to August 1919 under Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
		The communist government was overthrown by the Romanian Army and driven underground.
		In 1948 the party merged with the Social Democrats to become the Hungarian Workers' Party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hungarian_Communist_Party (136 words)

	Wikinfo \| Béla Kun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kun was born Bela Kohn in Cehu Silvaniei (Szilagyceh) a village in Transylvania.
		In March 1918, in Moscow, Kun was a founding member of the Hungarian Group of the Russian Communist Party, the predecessor to the Hungarian Communist Party.
		There he rejoined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and he was put in charge of the regional revolutionary committee in Crimea.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Bela_Kun (1921 words)

	IALHI News Service: Agents of Moscow: The Hungarian Communist Party
		The MKP also exploited specific issues to prove to the Hungarian people that it was guarding national interests, namely, the expulsion of the German minority (Swabians) from Hungary, repatriation of Hungarian prisoners of war, and show trials against such "Trotskyite traitors" as Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty and the former Minister of Interior Laszlo Rajk.
		The MKP could not officially complain, despite this ongoing harassment of Hungarians; the Smallholder party's propaganda on the persecution of these Hungarians that harmed the MKP's popular image; and the continual struggle to restrain outraged Hungarian Communists in Slovakia.
		The Hungarian communists sought to establish nationalist policies to avoid the stigma of being mere "agents of Moscow" and not true Hungarian patriots.
	www.iisg.nl /~ialhi/news/i0509_5.php (1308 words)

	Hungarian History
		Following the reign of the Hungarian ruler Geza, during which foreign interests gain increasing influence under the guise of Christianization, Geza's son Istvan (Stephen) is installed as king of Hungary with the assistance of foreign armed intervention, in violation of ancient Hungarian traditions and of the sacred Covenant of Blood.
		In 1948, a Communist regime is imposed in Hungary.
		After decades of totalitarian dictatorship, the Hungarian Communist party successfully consolidated and entrenched itself, and was able to stage what appeared to be a peaceful transition to a freely elected democratic political regime.
	members.fortunecity.com /magyarhun/magyar/id2.html (2251 words)

	1956: The Hungarian Revolution \| libcom.org
		The AVO was feared and hated by the Hungarian working class because of their record of torture and murder and because of the privileged position they held in Hungarian society, receiving between three and twelve times the average workers’ pay.
		While Gero, First Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party, was meeting Tito in Belgrade, the Petofi Circle decided to call for a demonstration in solidarity with Polish workers who were on trial as a result of the Poznan revolt.
		Between 20 and 50,000 Hungarians and 3 to 7,000 Russians is the estimate.
	libcom.org /history/1956-the-hungarian-revolution (2329 words)

	The Hungarian Revolution of 1956
		In Hungary simultaneously with the liquidation of the non-Communist parties, the Catholic and Protestant Churches were intimidated and saddled, extreme nationalization accomplished, foreign investments seized, and a large-scale purge carried out in the Communist party.
		To be sure, the Hungarian innovations were not unique; but it was only in Hungary that the announcement of the new course created the impression of a substantial change in the nature of the system itself.
		Nor was Nagy's readmission to the party on October 13th sufficient to stem the rising tide of revolt.
	www.loyno.edu /history/journal/1984-5/vix.htm (2367 words)

	[No title]
		The Party's central committee was helpless and totally disorganized.
		At the same time, Premier Nagy announced abolition of the one-party system, a return to the political conditions prevailing after 1945, and negotiations for immediate withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Hungary.
		The next day the Hungarian government officially entered a protest to the Soviet Embassy regarding the re-entry of the Soviet troops onto Hungarian soil.
	www.chicagohungarians.com /radics/Origin3d.htm (839 words)

	CNN Cold War - Spotlight: Unsung heroes
		In May 1988, the Hungarian communist party, impatient with the economic crisis, replaced longtime secretary general Janos Kadar with reformer Karoly Grosz; Miklos Nemeth took over Grosz' old job as prime minister in November.
		One month later, the Hungarian Central Committee approved a new constitution that omitted mention of the leading role of the communist party.
		In October, the Hungarian communist party was no more -- it officially disbanded and was reconstituted as the Hungarian Socialist Party, with a democratic socialist agenda.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/23/spotlight (1084 words)

	Powell's Books - Journey to a Revolution: A Personal Memoir and History of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 by Michael ...
		The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was not just an extraordinary and dramatic event — perhaps the most dramatic single event of the Cold War &151; but, as we can now see fifty years later, a major turning point in history.
		The spontaneous rising of Hungarian people against the Hungarian communist party and the Soviet forces in Hungary in the wake of Stalin's death, while ending unsuccessfully, demonstrated to the world at large the failure of Communism.
		In 1955, Nagy was ousted as prime minister and expelled from the party.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-0060772611-0 (1792 words)

	No. 90-42 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Toward the end of 1989, the Hungarian government said its armed forces, then estimated to stand at 107,000 troops, would be cut by 9 percent in 1990 and by 25 percent to about 75,000 -- by the end of 1991.
		And communist "political officers" have been replaced by "education officers" who are charged with instructing the armed forces in civilian control and citizen's rights.
		The Hungarian Socialist Workers Party was renamed the Hungarian Socialist Party.
	www.security-policy.org /papers/1990/90-42.html (1333 words)

	Hungary History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The provisional government, dominated by the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP), was replaced in November 1945 after elections which gave majority control of a coalition government to the Independent Smallholders' Party.
		In 1988, Kadar was replaced as General Secretary of the Communist Party, and reform communist leader Imre Pozsgay was admitted to the Politburo.
		In October 1989, the communist party convened its last congress and re-established itself as the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP).
	www.nationbynation.com /Hungary/History1.html (1730 words)

	Hungarian Uprising
		It was for free independent Socialism that young Hungarians began the struggle against the only armed fascists who on the night of the 23rd October still wished to save their government: the red fascists of the political police, appointed to safeguard the last vestiges of the Stalinist government.
		Hungarian Communist writers, journalists, university students, the youth of the Petofi Circle, thousands and thousands of workers and peasants, and veteran fighters who had been imprisoned on false charges, fought in the front line against Rakosiite despotism and political hooliganism.
		The pressure of Party and government structures was especially strong, forcing him to manoeuvre and to present this or that measure in a form acceptable to such influential groups.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDhungarianU.htm (12191 words)

	Imry Nagy
		Hungarian newspapers joined the attacks and Nagy was accused of being responsible for the country's economic problems and on 18th April he was dismissed from his post by a unanimous vote of the National Assembly.
		This is followed by statements by Zolton Tildy, Anna Kethly and Ferenc Farkas concerning the reconstitution of the Smallholders Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Petofi Peasants Party.
		In consequence the Hungarian National Government announces that the measures depriving Cardinal Primate Jozsef Mindszenty of his rights are invalid and that the Cardinal is free to exercise without restriction all his civil and ecclesiastical rights.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDnagy.htm (2745 words)

	Hungary Hungarian Soviet Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The party was organized in a Moscow hotel on November 4, 1918, when a group of Hungarian prisoners of war and communist sympathizers formed a Central Committee and dispatched members to Hungary to recruit new members, propagate the party's ideas, and radicalize Karolyi's government.
		The communists wrote a temporary constitution guaranteeing freedom of speech and assembly; free education, language and cultural rights to minorities; and other rights.
		Kun undertook these measures even though the Hungarian communists were relatively few, and the support they enjoyed was based far more on their program to restore Hungary's borders than on their revolutionary agenda.
	www.country-studies.com /hungary/hungarian-soviet-republic.html (426 words)

	Public Sculpture and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Initially there was no inscription on the monument, perhaps to preserve the ambiguity over whether it referred to the communist martyrs of the ‘counter-revolution’ of 1956 alone, or also to the victims of Nazi oppression, the years of opposition and the martyrs of the Republic of Councils of 1919.
		In 1983 a twenty-metre relief was added to the monument that narrowed down its memorial function to remembering the activists who died defending the Hungarian communist party headquarters from the ‘counter-revolutionaries’ in 1956.
		The reburial of Imre Nagy in June 1989 was a key event in the discrediting and disintegration of communist party authority in Hungary and gave rise to immediate demands for the memorialisation of the true heroes of 1956.
	www.reubenfowkes.net /papers/1956/Hungary9.htm (557 words)

	The Suez-Hungary Crisis: This Year in History (The Hungarian Revolution October 1956)
		Hungarian Communist Party bosses holed up in Party headquarters as crowds surged in the streets of Budapest demanding freedom in the early morning hours of October 24, 1956.
		The Communist controlled radio said the fight was among Hungarians, they didn't want to say that Soviets were shooting and killing Hungarians in the streets who were fighting them.
		While in the custody of the Communist leadership, Nagy made statements on the radio and some were issued in his name for freedom fighters to lay down their arms.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1724904/posts (655 words)

	Glossary of Events: Congresses of the Communist International
		On the motion of the delegates of the Communist Party of German Austria, Left Social-Democratic Party of Sweden, Balkan Revolutionary Social Democratic Federation and Hungarian Communist Party, the Conference resolved "to constitute itself as the Third International and adopt the name of the Communist International".
		The Congress also urged the workers of all countries to support Soviet Russia and demanded from the Entente non-interference in the internal affairs of the Soviet republic, withdrawal of interventionist troops from her territory, recognition of the Soviet state, lifting of the economic blockade and restoration of trade relations.
		According to the definition of Communist set out by Marx and Engels, supported fully by Lenin (the founder of the Communist International), Stalin's dissolution of the International was one of the most clear and explicit violations of what a Communist is.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/c/comintern.htm (959 words)

	Why did both Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968 rebel against Soviet Domination?
		Since Hungarian economic developments mirrored those of the Soviet Union, Rakosi also made a strong emphasis on the build-up of Hungarian heavy industry at the expense of the rest of the economy.
		Although the Hungarian uprising had failed due to the military predominance of the Soviet Union, the longing for liberalization and independence refused to be suppressed.
		Henceforth, matters came to a head in January 1968 when the Czech leader, Antonin Novotny, a pro-Moscow communist, was forced to resign and Alexander Dubcek became the First Secretary of the communist party.
	www.onlineessays.com /essays/history/his066.php (1212 words)

	Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, VIII
		The would-be dictator of the Hungarian Revolution was one Bela Kun, a POW released from the Czar's prison camp in Tomsk.
		In Russia Kun had seen three things which were of primary importance for a Hungarian revolutionary: the agrarian revolution; Lenin's fierce fight against the "reformists"; and the peace negotiations with the Germans at Brest-Livotsk.
		Communist revolutions easily crushed in their infancy could nevertheless spark reasonable fear in millions of people for decades to come.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/his1h.htm (1797 words)

	When Hungary took on the Soviet bear \| Higher Education \| The Australian
		DISz, the Hungarian Communist Party's youth organisation, led and organised the debate.
		The Hungarian revolutionaries fought against the might of the Soviet forces, but their power was very limited and fighting ebbed away between November 10 and15, 1956.
		Sandor Szakaly is a professor in 20th-century Hungarian history at Semmelweis University, Budapest, and a former director of the Military History Institute and Museum of Hungary.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20638405-12332,00.html (1130 words)

	Hungarian Revolution
		In 1945, during World War II, the Russians came in to liberate Hungary from the Nazis, but when the Communists took over in 1949, liberation became domination and the Hungarian government was totally subordinate to Soviet control.
		Hungarian Communist Government asked for the Soviet Army (stationed in Hungary under the Warsaw Pact) to help restore order.
		In a show "trial," NAGY and the others were found "guilty of treason" of two crimes: abandoning the Communist Party and directly threatening the unity of the Soviet Bloc by withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~sgati/gatiproductions/starting_over/revolution.htm (1334 words)

	John O'Sullivan on Museum of Terror on National Review Online
		When the Hungarian Communist party seized power in 1947, it became the headquarters and torture chamber of the notorious AVO communist secret police — and the symbol of a remarkable (though not unprecedented) fascist-communist collaboration.
		For Hungary's Communists, having obtained the membership lists of the Arrow Cross party, presented defeated fascists with a unique communist party application form: it invited the applicant to confess the "mistake" of his Arrow Cross past as a preliminary to becoming a good Communist.
		The former Communist Party is now the Hungarian Socialist Party and the dominant partner in the current coalition government.
	www.nationalreview.com /jos/jos020403.asp (917 words)

	Hungarian Communist Workers' Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hungarian Communist Workers' Party in Hungary (Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt in Hungarian) was born on December 17, 1989, as a re-organized form of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP).
		It was born under the same name as its predecessor, "Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party" and changed its name to "Workers' Party" in 1993.
		At the last legislative elections, on the 9th of April 2006, the party won 0.41% of the popular vote and no seats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Workers_Party_(Hungary) (226 words)

	People's Republic of China, Hungarian Uprising, U-2 Incident, Point Four Aid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in 1921, numbering among its original members Mao Zedong.
		In 1948 military initiative passed to the Communists, and in the summer of 1949, Nationalist resistance collapsed.
		Youths were directed to look to the party and the state rather than to their families for leadership and security.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/david26.html (1727 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hungary - Coalition Government and Communist Takeover \| Hungarian Information Resource
		Stalin informed Rakosi that a communist takeover would be delayed ten to fifteen years in order to deflect Western criticism of rapid communist takeovers in Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Soviet zone of Germany.
		The HCP soon formed a leftist alliance with the Social Democratic Party and the National Peasant Party and gained control of several key offices, including the leadership of the security police and the army general staff.
		Using methods Rakosi later called "salami tactics," the HCP strengthened its position in the coalition by discrediting leaders of rival parties as "reactionaries" or "antidemocratic," forcing their resignation from the government and sometimes prompting their arrest.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/hungary/hungary49.html (1165 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Timeline: Hungarian Revolution
		His death brought hopes of reform and accompanied by signs of an economic crisis in Hungary the communist hardliner Matyas Rakosi was replaced by Imre Nagy a reformist who believed in communism "with a human face".
		Students march to the statue of Polish General Jozef Bem a hero of the Hungarian revolt of 1848.
		Hungarian Communist Party officially ceases to exist the first in the Eastern Bloc to do so.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/5379586.stm (822 words)

	Hungarian Elections 2006
		Ibolya Dávid, MDF party president, and Károly Herényi, the party's campaign chair, both indicated that in their eyes Fidesz is simply another socialist party, due to its state-centered, big-government and populist approach in politics.
		Dávid's words and her party's campaign event was over-shadowed by a recent scandal in which Zoltán Bagó, a Fidesz candidate, threatened István Romsics, the MDF candidate in the same riding, in an effort to make the latter bow out of the race.
		Prior to the 1948 dissolution of the Smallholders' by the Hungarian Communist Party, Mr.
	www.kanadaimagyar.com /hungary2006/index.html (5366 words)

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