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Topic: Hungarian Defense

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	McNair Paper 39 - Chapter 5
		In 1992 a new defense reform was then implemented to redress the effects of the 1 December 1989 reform, and the MDF significantly tightened its political control over the defense ministry and other key government institutions.
		Defense Minister Fur apparently felt that officer training institutes, the Institute of Military History, and the management of all cultural areas which were under military sphere of authority should be under his authority.
		Though the 1992 defense reform attempts to clarify the line of authority problems created by the 1989 defense reform, the issue of presidential versus prime ministerial authority during transition to war and during wartime remained untested.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/McNair/mcnair39/m039ch05.html (6015 words)

	Hungary's Lost POW Gets Promoted
		Hungarian Deputy Defense Minister Janos Homoki announced the promotion, while Andras Toma, 74, shed tears and later shielded his eyes with his cap against the cameras' lights.
		Toma, born Dec. 5, 1925, was a Hungarian conscript in 1944, when he was captured by Soviet troops in Poland and ended up in a Soviet prisoner-of-war camp.
		The Hungarian Embassy in Moscow was contacted in December 1999, and in August this year Toma was flown home to Budapest.
	www.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2000/10/18/009-print.html (324 words)

	Renseignements internationaux - Defense Market Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		According to the GoH, the budget of the Hungarian Ministry of Defense (MoD) is equivalent to 1.61 percent of the GDP of Hungary; and other defense expenditures (equivalent to.20 percent of GDP) are distributed among other agencies (i.e.
		The offset requirement is an integral and essential component of all major defense procurements and the complexity of the process makes the assistance of the Commercial Service greatly beneficial to any U.S. manufacturer considering a bid on a Hungarian defense procurement.
		The production value of the Hungarian defense industry was HUF 10 billion ($35 million) in 2001, reflecting both growth since the end of the recessionary period in 1996 and the effect of offset requirements in major defense procurement contracts.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/fr/gr113547f.html (2300 words)

	section1
		The Hungarian defense lines were also of an extremely mixed nature: aside from the already battle-weary divisions, the defense of the city was strengthened by gendarme battalions and the Budapest anti-aircraft and engineer corps.
		The strength of the defense troops was significantly enhanced by the assault artillery sections, who mostly fought on foot, and whose value lay in battle capability if not in numbers, as well as other special units: the University Assault - Battalion and the Vannay Alarm Squad.
		The Hungarian designers designed a badge to be worn on the chest; the Germans designed a pressed shield-shaped to be worn on the upper arm.
	www.osa.ceu.hu /galeria/sites/siege/section1.html (709 words)

	Missile Defense Briefing Report No. 147, June 23, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Defense News (June 14) reports that in late May, the six-member regional grouping — which consists of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates — held cooperative exercises with U.S. forces to coordinate responses to a potential ballistic missile threat to the Arabian Peninsula.
		This according to Hungarian Deputy Foreign Secretary Gabor Brodi, who in mid-June revealed to lawmakers from the Hungarian parliament’s defense committee that discussions with the United States over a role for their country in American missile defense plans were indeed underway.
		Brodi was responding to inquiries from Hungarian parliamentarians, who have initiated a governmental debate after a May newspaper report revealed the existence of missile defense contacts with Washington, Budapest’s Kossuth Radio reported on June 15th.
	www.afpc.org /mdbr/mdbr147.shtml (706 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Hungarian government officials say they have been given assurances that the Iraqis will not be given military training.
		Hungarian sources say the first of the volunteers are expected to arrive soon after 26 January but for security reasons will not say how many are in the initial batch of trainees or from where they will arrive.
		Defense Minister Ferenc Juhasz also took a delegation of local mayors and Hungarian journalists to inspect the Taszar base to inform them about preparations for the training sessions.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/01/23012003170333.asp (576 words)

	World - Dominican Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Hungarian officials said initially the plane had diverted from its correct flight path, but later clarified their statement to say it was about three km (two miles) off the ideal trajectory, but still within the permitted corridor.
		Hungarian Defense Minister Ferenc Juhasz told a news conference a second Slovak plane was flying behind and saw the 36-year-old An-24 crash.
		One Hungarian expert, who flies the An-26, a sister aircraft to the An-24, said he doubted there had been a mechanical failure, despite the age of the aircraft.
	www.dominicantoday.com /app/article.aspx?id=9537 (551 words)

	Hungary, Landmine Monitor Report 2004
		According to a member of the Defense Forces, the MON mines are nearing their expiry date; there are only 2,000–3,000 left in active service and a similar quantity awaiting destruction.
		In November 2003, the Arms Control Office of the Ministry of Defense contracted assessments of the IHR-60, IHR-150 and HAK-1M for compliance with the Mine Ban Treaty and CCW Amended Protocol II, and concluded that all three devices fall outside the prohibitions and restrictions.
		Hungarian Army, at the Central European Defense Equipment and Aviation Exhibition, Budapest, 5–7 November 2003; letter from Col. István Budai, Hungarian Defense Forces, 14 January 2004.
	www.icbl.org /lm/country/hungary (2813 words)

	TO HUNGARY, 24-25 OCTOBER 2000 Press Conference with CHOD, 25 Oct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Zsolt Lanyi, the Chairman of the Defense Committee and he is due to meet Mr.
		But that was necessary for the restructure of the American armed forces, and it is necessary for the restructure of the Hungarian defense forces.
		I applaud the consolidation efforts as you go about closing those bases that are no longer necessary to support the size of the Hungarian defense force that you have, even though these are unpopular decisions for the bases that happen to be in the process of being closed.
	www.nato.int /shape/opinions/2000/10/s001025b.htm (1798 words)

	US to Train Iraqi Dissidents in Hungary - 2002-12-10
		The Hungarian Defense Ministry says it expects thousands of Iraqi opponents of Saddam Hussein to be given non-combat training in Hungary in the next few months by the U.S. military.
		The director-general at the Hungarian Defense Ministry, Peter Matyuc, told VOA about 2,400 Iraqi exiles will be trained at a U.S. military base in a remote part of Hungary.
		He says last week Hungary's Defense Minister, Ferenc Juhasz, told mayors of villages and towns in the area that in order to reduce the risks none of the Iraqi trainees will be allowed to leave the military base.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2002-12/a-2002-12-10-19-US.cfm (634 words)

	Hungarian Minister of Defense Gyö Keleti ...Defense Integration: A Hungarian View
		Currently, the Hungarian Constitution and relevant laws guarantee that the Hungarian armed forces can be employed only by the decision of the relevant political bodies that are responsible to the people.
		The issue of defense is now more in the public eye in Hungary than it ever was during the Cold War.
		I believe that the effort Hungary is making to reform its defense organization is in harmony with the values of the Euro Atlantic defense cooperative we wish to join in the near future.
	www.csdr.org /96Book/Keleti.htm (1104 words)

	Making Wrong Code Look Wrong - Joel on Software
		Apps Hungarian was extremely valuable, especially in the days of C programming where the compiler didn’t provide a very useful type system.
		Apps Hungarian had very useful, meaningful prefixes like “ix” to mean an index into an array, “c” to mean a count, “d” to mean the difference between two numbers (for example “dx” meant “width”), and so forth.
		Hungarian Notation was so doggone unpopular by this point that nobody really complained, and everybody in the world outside of Excel and Word were relieved at no longer having to use an awkward naming convention that, they thought, was unnecessary in the days of strong type checking and Intellisense.
	www.joelonsoftware.com /articles/Wrong.html (4498 words)

	Hungarian Weapons Law
		The Hungarian Administration consists of the prime minister and the ministers.
		The legal status of the Hungarian prime minister is strong (chancellor-like).
		The Hungarian Minister of Commerce accepted the proof marks of the Monarchy and that of the proof house of Liége, Belgium on a mutual basis.
	www.davekopel.com /2A/Foreign/Hungarian-Weapons-Law.htm (7212 words)

	europepagetemplate.gif
		"Essentially everything in the Hungarian defense enterprise is in some form of change," says Gen. Lajos Fodor, Hungarian Army, chief of the Hungarian Defense Staff.
		Hungarian defense officials know, just like their Western counterparts, that they cannot modernize their entire military infrastructure in a single step.
		Achieving this goal may depend both on Hungarian activities and the actions of other mature NATO members, he suggests.
	www.afcea.org /signal/europe2002/hungary.asp (1542 words)

	Hungarian helmet - Wehrmacht-Awards.com Militaria Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Here's what I was told by Hungarian collectors: After the defeat at Stalingrad, Hungary lost a lot of equipment, which meant that new production helmets and existing helmets that needed reconditioning were re-lined with a modified liner beginning in 1944.
		Quex may be on to something -- I have seen Hungarian civil defence or fire brigade helmets with the kind of liner in Nordewin and Bernhard's helmets.
		I was told -- again by the Hungarian collectors I spoke to -- that these blue helmets, without the cruciform "crown", and with a standard combat liner are in fact combat helmets used by military anti-aircraft crews.
	www.wehrmacht-awards.com /forums/showthread.php?t=91263 (1173 words)

	CCC - NATO Expansion: Goetterdaemmerung or Rebirth? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		All too easily forgotten is the domestic controversy of 1981-1986 that surrounded Spain's accession to the Washington treaty in 1982 in the midst of the intermediate nuclear forces missile crisis of the Reagan era.
		Critics asserted before 1999 that such enlargement would cripple alliance decision making for collective defense, bankrupt national treasuries with the costs of defending the meadows and forests of Moravia and the plains of the Hungarian Pusta, and provoke the Russians into a new confrontation that would resemble the Cuban missile crisis of 1962.
		The technocratic reservations about central European domestic politics and defense burden sharing, which seemed so persuasive to fussy alliance savants in 1998, have all been rendered a dead letter by the al-Qaeda offensive against the continental United States, Asia and Africa and the call to arms that has followed the tragedies of 2001.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/feb03/europe.asp (2400 words)

	Ex-POW Grapples With the Present
		The doctors at the Kotelnich clinic spoke no Hungarian and thought he was talking gibberish.
		He was discovered by chance in 1997 by a Hungarian-speaking Russian who then got Hungarian officials interested and resulted in the campaign to bring him home.
		Several dozen families have since contacted the Hungarian Defense Ministry saying Tamas might be a relative.
	www.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2000/09/14/151-print.html (720 words)

	[No title]
		MS HUNGARIAN DEFENSE MINISTER IN ROMANIA Janos Szabo on 10 August met with his Romanian counterpart, Victor Babiuc, in the spa of Baile Felix.
		Last month, Bucharest increased custom duties on Hungarian wheat and flour imports, but Agrostar says that the measures have not yet been implemented and that it will continue protests until they are in force.
		Officials from the Romanian and Hungarian Agricultural Ministries are due to meet this week to discuss the issue.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/98-08/aug11.rfe (2062 words)

	All in one, page 1
		He said that Hungarian archives had not yet been fully exploited, military advisors from the Korean and Vietnam wars had not yet been interviewed, and the reports of these individuals and of Hungarian attachés during the war had not yet been reviewed.
		Although few Hungarian veterans from the Korean War may still be alive, Minister Fehér expressed certainty that Hungarians who served on the ICSC are still very much alive, and some of them would have only recently retired from the active military.
		These documents detailed the work of the Hungarian mission to the ICSC in 1973, working manuals from the Commission, accident reports on helicopter crashes, the work of military delegations, maps of Vietnam, photograph albums, descriptions of military garrisons, etc. Colonel Nelson reviewed these materials, most of which were in the English language.
	www.dtic.mil /dpmo/sovietunion/Cgrmn_Johnson_trip_Jan_2003.html (8661 words)

	SFOR Informer Online: Hungarian detachment joins MSU
		The worth of a multinational environment was well proven when a Hungarian contingent joined the Italian MSU in June 04.
		Following the authorization given by the Hungarian Parliament the Hungarian Defense Forces have taken part in the IFOR/SFOR activities since 1995.
		The troopers of the Hungarian MSU Contingent are from the 1st Light Cavalry Regiment situated in Szolnok.
	www.nato.int /sfor/indexinf/172/p11a/t02p11a.htm (301 words)

	RFE/RL Newsline, 03-01-16
		The Hungarian National Bank (MNB) on 15 January acted against the further strengthening of the forint by purchasing an estimated 100 billion forints' ($450 million) worth of euros and cutting its benchmark rate by 100 basis points, to 7.5 percent, MNB spokesman Gabor Misura told Hungarian media.
		Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania (UDMR) Chairman Bela Marko said on 15 January that his formation is opposed to the ruling Social Democratic Party's proposal to have the Senate elected by a system of single-constituency representation instead of the current proportional system.
		German Defense Minister Peter Stuck said on 15 January that the 21 December crash of a helicopter belonging to the German forces serving in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Kabul was due to technical defects caused by human error, ddp news agency reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 23 December 2002).
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/rferl/2003/03-01-16.rferl.html (11045 words)

	[ RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY ]
		Robertson said the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States were organized by a man who was born in Saudi Arabia and lived in Central Asia, planned by individuals from the eastern and southeastern coast of the Mediterranean living in Western Europe, and carried out in North America.
		Hungarian Defense Ministry officials told CTK the document was signed by Hungarian Chief of Staff General Lajos Fodor and his counterparts Milan Cerovsky of Slovakia, Mihail Popescu of Romania, and Oleksandr Zatynayko of Ukraine.
		The agreement provides for the creation of a battalion of 800 troops that could be deployed at the request of any of the four countries involved in case of a natural disaster in the Tisa River basin.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2002/11/3-CEE/cee-181102.asp?po=y (2447 words)

	RFE/RL Newsline, 02-09-26
		Defense expenditures under the bill will increase by 0.15 percent from this year's level to 345.8 billion rubles ($11.15 billion), according to Defense Committee Chairman Andrei Nikolaev on 24 September.
		Defense Minister Ferenc Juhasz told "Magyar Hirlap" of 25 September that NATO defense ministers meeting in Warsaw were shown "convincing and detailed" evidence that Iraq is preparing to manufacture chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons.
		Milosevic was to have three hours to present his opening defense statement on 26 September, and is expected to call his own witnesses toward the end of the trial, probably in the spring.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/rferl/2002/02-09-26.rferl.html (8605 words)

	3 Fragments of Soviet Realm Joining NATO's Ranks
		But NATO tenure requires high defense spending and difficult choices at home just as the regional economy is cooling off, with the Czechs now in negative growth, a yawning Hungarian budget deficit and Polish growth expected to drop this year to 3.5 percent of its economy.
		Outside Poland's sprawling old Defense Ministry headquarters, for instance, there are new gates and electronically controlled turnstiles, while new locks, safes and procedures have been installed in all three countries for handling NATO secrets.
		They also permit NATO troops to be stationed there and to fly over Hungarian territory for surveillance of Serbia, Kosovo and the Albanian border, even though there is a Hungarian community in the Balkans and patrols could lead to bombing.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/europe/031299nato.html (2420 words)

	Hungarian Defence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hungarian Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves
		The Hungarian Defense takes its name from a correspondence game between Paris and Pest, Hungary played from 1842–1845.
		The Hungarian Defense usually leads to solid positions for Black, and it has been played by some grandmasters with strong defensive-positional styles including Reshevsky and Hort, and former World Champions Petrosian and Smyslov.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hungarian_Defence (299 words)

	Russian Arms Dealers Seek New Clients - 2003-11-08
		"In the Hungarian armed forces and in the armed forces of a number of other central and eastern European states which used to be the members of Warsaw Pact organization, they still have in their service the Russian-made or Soviet-made equipment, military hardware," he explained.
		During the exhibition news reports circulated that Hungarian defense industry officials had signed a letter of intent to join a consortium of NATO countries providing ground surveillance technology.
		Hungary's defense industry is expected to gain hundreds of millions of dollars if the deal goes through.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2003-11/a-2003-11-08-20-Russian.cfm (786 words)

	Nikolas K. Gvosdev & NATO on National Review Online
		Simonyi said that Hungary needed to meet its own defense obligations before it would be prepared to adapt its military to fulfill more specialized roles required by the alliance.
		Indeed, less than ten percent of the Hungarian defense budget was spent on modernization in the last several years.
		To be fair, the article notes that "Hungarian soldiers usually get excellent qualifications in peacekeeping missions and exercises." Building on this, Bali said that the Ministry of Defense, which has begun to review Hungary's defense posture, will encourage Hungary to only undertake commitments it is capable of performing.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-gvosdev100302.asp (749 words)

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