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	Kingdom of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Hungarian army was defeated by the forces of the Ottoman Empire, and King Louis II of Hungary ran away and was drowned in the Csele Creek.
		The official language of the Kingdom of Hungary remained Latin until 1844, it was Hungarian from 1867.
		Hungarians tend to emphasise the continuity of the Hungarian state and consider the Kingdom of Hungary one phase of its historical development.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary (1118 words)

	Thousand Years of Hungarian Culture
		Hungarian belongs to the Finno-Ugric family of languages, and relations of the Hungarian people include the Finns, the Estonians, and a number of smaller nations which today live on the territory of Russia, in the region of the Urals and along the Volga River.
		The Hungarian kingdom was important as a defensive bastion of Western Christendom during the Middle Ages, and indeed the country’s eastern and southern borders marked the borders of the Western world.
		The Hungarian kingdom, firmly embedded in Western civilisation, rested on secure economic foundations: in the Middle Ages lthe country was a European centre of precious metal mining, and the revenues of the Hungarian king rivalled those of the English monarch.
	www.hungemb.com /damascus/hungarian_culture.htm (3965 words)

	Stephen I, the First Christian Hungarian King (reigned 997-1038)
		He was the first Christian Hungarian king, the founder of the Hungarian Kingdom and the organizer of the Hungarian Christian Church.
		Stephen subdued the Hungarian tribes of the Carpathian Basin either in battles or by peaceful means, and repressed the insurgencies.
		The Hungarian Pagan Revolt of 1046 and the Martyrdom of Bishop Gellért
	www.cryingvoice.com /Christianity/HunIstvan.html (1085 words)

	Romanian-Hungarian historiographical polemics
		Hungarian historians usually regard the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a possible model of coexistence, in opposition with the Greater Romania, seen as a state which failed to develop a concept of common identity for all its citizens #3;.
		The Hungarian article was written by the Hungarian Petter Ruffy, born in Transylvania, and dealt with the Transylvanian history from 1541 to 1687.
		On 22 November 1971, AFP quoted Hungarian Foreign Minister J. Peter saying at a Press Conference in Bucharest that the most important points of Hungary's foreign policy were: the unity of the socialist countries, the establishment and the development of relations between all countries and the "guarantee of European security"#15;.
	www.cimec.ro /Istorie/Cristi/11.htm (1419 words)

	BJ's HunPage: History
		The Hungarian tribes arrived to the Carpathian Basin with the last wave of the Great Migration at the end of the IXth century (see their route on this map).
		The Habsburgs often referred to the Hungarians as "rebellious" and this opinion was not completely groundless as the Hungarians tried to get rid of the Habsburgs during a freedom war (1703-11) led by Ferenc Rákóczi II, Prince of Transylvania, but this was a rather hopeless effort and the rebels finally failed.
		Hungarian resistance lasted for a few more months, but by the end of the summer the Russians and the reinforced Austrians finished their job: the freedom war was over.
	www.geocities.com /jozsefbiro/Hungary/history.html (1843 words)

	Home Page
		Due to the close relations of the medieval Hungarian Kingdom with the West, talented Transylvanians found their ways to the early Universities of Europe as early as the 12th and 13th centuries.
		This was a direct result of the Hungarian concept of freedom, as well as the respect toward the freedom of others, which permeated the entire Hungarian state-concept, and enabled the Hungarians to rule the Carpathian Basin successfully for a thousand years.
		Even after 1711, when Hungarian political independence was completely lost to Habsburg oppression, Hungarian culture in Transylvania not only kept in step with the cultural evolution of the rest of the country, but in many instances it became the guiding force of spiritual and cultural resistance.
	hun.s5.com (2229 words)

	WWW.HR - Croato-Hungarian State
		The Croats and Hungarians resisted all surrounding enemies together, and in the middle of the 13th century they succeeded in surviving the great Tatar invasions.
		It expanded territorially at the expense of Croatia, and at the end of the fourteenth century it became a kingdom under Tvrtko (1377).
		After a civil war and some resistance this was also done by the Hungarians, who together with the Croats entered the Habsburg state as the most threatened nations on the first defensive lines of Central Europe.
	www.hr /croatia/history/short-history/croato-hungarian-state (714 words)

	TRANSYLVANIA IS HUNGARIAN! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As an integral part of the Hungarian Kingdom, Transylvania and Kolozsvár was drawn into the Western Christian Culture Circle at the beginning of the eleventh century.
		Hungarian painters of Transylvania frequently toured Europe with their exhibits, and the Hungarian folk art of Kalotaszeg, Csík, Háromszék and Udvarhely reached the foreign markets with their embroidery and wood carvings.
		Hungarians are subject to constant discrimination, Hungarian signs are painted over or not allowed at all, intimidation by Gheorghe Funar is carried out against Hungarians on a daily basis aimed at driving out all Hungarians from this ancient Magyar land.
	www.angelfire.com /nm/hun (2356 words)

	SLOVAKIA.ORG - History
		Slovakia was a part of the Greater Hungarian Kingdom which in turn was incorporated as an mostly equal partner into Austria-Hungary in the nineteenth century, and as such the Slovaks suffered from ethnic cleansing.
		The doctrine's supposed justifications have root in the then Hungarian notion that a native of the Kingdom of Hungary could not be a patriot unless he spoke, thought, felt and totally identified as a Magyar.
		The Hungarian authorities in their endeavor to suppress the Slovak nationality went even to the extent of taking away Slovak children to be brought up as Magyars, and forbade them to learn their language and their history in school and church.
	www.slovakia.org /history-magyarization.htm (1006 words)

	The Hungarian Pagan Revolt of 1046 and the Martyrdom of Bishop Gellért
		He despised the Hungarian advisers, took sides with the foreigners and defrauded the widowed queen Gisella.
		Gellért was martyred on the shore of the Danube River, in the area of modern Budapest, in 1046.
		But the Hungarians realized his intentions, entered the city before him, occupied the bastions and the towers, shut the gates and did not let him enter the city.
	www.cryingvoice.com /Christianity/HunGellert.html (1635 words)

	The Lessons of Trianon and Sopron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Eventually the kingdom posessed 14 national minorities, of which the Magyars were only one, and in order not to hurt the feelings of any, Latin remained the sole official language of the kingdom until 1844.
		The fight for Hungarian independence of 1703-1711 was led by Francis II Rákóczy whose insurgent fighters were mostly Slovak and Ruthenian peasants, who proudly declared themselves to be Hungarians, as distinct from the racial term Magyar.
		It would be fitting if on the 81st anniversary of the dismemberment of the Hungarian Kingdom, after the unnecessary and undeserved suffering of three generations of innocent ethnic minorities, we would start the process of rebuilding, not of a nation state, but the Federation of Central Europe.
	www1.minn.net /~graczar/FTR-208/lessons_of_trianon.htm (3087 words)

	County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		County (Hungarian: megye/vármegye; Latin: comitatus; Rusyn: zhupa) — territorial and administrative unit in the former Hungarian Kingdom.
		The county system was first introduced into the Hungarian Kingdom during the eleventh century and was based on an administrative model found among the indigenous Slavic population.
		The county center was at the castle, which served as the residence of the king’s representative, the lord sheriff (Hungarian: ispán and, after the 15th century, főispán; Rusyn: *zhupan).
	www.rusyn.org /pop_county.htm (604 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hungarian Catholics in America
		Indeed the Hungarians are in the minority (or perhaps a bare majority) when contrasted with all the others combined; but they outnumber any one of the other races under the Hungarian Crown.
		The Kingdom of Hungary, which is separate from Austria except in matters affecting foreign relations, comprises within its borders not only the Hungarians proper, but also the Slovaks, Ruthenians, Rumanians, Slavonians, and Croatians, as well as a large number of Germans and some Italians.
		In 1907 the Hungarian National Federation (Amerikai Magyar Szövetség), an organization embracing all Magyars of whatsoever creed, was founded with great enthusiasm in Cleveland, its object being to care for the material interests and welfare of Hungarians in America.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07545b.htm (2007 words)

	Magyars - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - Hungarians (Hungarian: Magyarok) or Magyars[4] are an ethnic group primarily ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The word Hungarian has also a wider meaning, because – especially in the past – it referred to all inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary irrespective of their ethnicity.
		(Hungarian historians give the lowest estimates as 70,000 people, Serbian and Slovak authors suggest much lower numbers - around 25,000.) The Slavic population of the region (and remnants of the Avars in the southwest) was also nearly fully assimilated by the Magyars, except those living in present-day Croatia and Slovakia.
		The number of Hungarians in the neighbouring countries mostly stagnated or slightly decreased, because of assimilation (in part forced – see Slovakization and Romanianization), emigration to Hungary (in the 1990s, especially from Transylvania and Vojvodina), and natural decrease.
	www.millvalleycaus.com /topic/Magyars (2766 words)

	A short history of Hungary
		In 1867 Austria is restyled into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, of with the Kingdom of Hungary is one of the two constituent parts ("Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown").
		Hungary is formally the Hungarian Kingdom and after the treaty of Trianon Hungary loses large parts of its territory to Czechoslovakia, Romania, Croatia (later part of Yugoslavia) and Fiume.
		In 1944/1945 Hungary is invaded by the USSR.
	www.electionworld.org /history/hungary.htm (824 words)

	Bohemian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Bohemian Kingdom emerged in the tenth century when the Premyslid chiefs- members of the Cechove, a tribe from which the Czechs derive their name- unified neighboring Czech tribes and established a form of centralized rule.
		The Bohemian Kingdom ceased to be a fief of the emperor.
		The highest officials of the kingdom, to be chosen from among the local nobility, would be strictly subordinate to the king.
	pages.zdnet.com /wassman/id14.html (7024 words)

	History of Romanians
		Beginning with the 10th century, the Byzantine, Slav and Hungarian sources, and later on the western sources mention the existence of statehood entities of the Romanian population - kniezates and voivodates - first in Transylvania and Dobrudja, then in the 12-13th centuries, also in the lands east and south of the Carpathians.
		A Hungarian chronicle describes the meeting between the messengers sent by Arpad, the Hungarian king, and voivode Menumorut of the Biharea city in western Transylvania.
		In the 14th century, with the decline of the neighbouring imperial powers (the Poles, the Hungarians, the Tartars), south and east of the Carpathian Mountains range the autonomous feudal states were formed: Wallachia, under Basarab I (around 1310) and Moldavia, under Bogdan I (around 1359).
	www.casaromana.org /istoria/e_vmt.html (1078 words)

	Dictionary of Hungarian Place-names
		In cases of settlements created on territories not belonging to Hungary the eventual later official Hungarian names, or, if not applicable, their usual forms in literature, or, the official Hungarian names of their preceding settlements (outskirts dwellings) as of 1913 (or, if missing, as of 1944) are taken as dictionary entries.
		Besides official Hungarian place-names, their variations either in Hungarian or in other languages, as they appear in relevant historical or contemporary sources, are also provided.
		Every name in these indexes has reference either to the Hungarian place it is identical with, or, to the main entry in the Hungarian part that is connected the most with the non-Hungarian version.
	www.talmamedia.com /book/b30001/b30001.htm (1015 words)

	Hungarian Language Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hungarian (Magyar) is the official language of Hungary and is also the mother tongue of people of Hungarian ancestry living in neighbouring countries (e.g.
		Hungarians are well assimilated into the Central European millieu and most modern Hungarians are physically indistinguishable from their Slavonic, Romanian and Germanic neighbours.
		Native speakers of Hungarian are often thrilled by foreigners who can speak at least a little of their language.
	how-to-learn-any-language.com /e/languages/hungarian/index.html (2049 words)

	Dobrians'kyi, Adol'f/Dobrzansky, Adolf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When, however, Dobrians’kyi was elected that same year to the Hungarian Parliament from the Slovak district of Banská Bystrica, his mandate was not accepted and he was accused of being a pan-Slavist.
		Barred from the Hungarian Parliament, Dobrians’kyi moved to Prešov, where he headed a group of activists that formulated a political program calling for the union of Rusyns in the Hungarian Kingdom with those in Austrian Galicia (that is, eastern Galicia as well as the *Lemko Region).
		When Austria imposed martial law in Hungary and reorganized the kingdom’s administrative structure Dobrians’kyi was appointed advisor (October 1849) to assist the head of the Uzhhorod Civil District (comprising Uzh, Bereg, Ugocha, and Maramorosh counties).
	www.rusyn.org /pop_dobr.htm (863 words)

	Hungarian Academy of Sciences
		One was to develop a dictionary of Hungarian mathematical terms so that those writing in the Hungarian language could use genuine Hungarian words and also achieve a consistency of Hungarian notation.
		The impact of the dictionary on the Hungarian mathematical language is negligible, having fallen short of its express aim of creating a unified Hungarian mathematical volcabulary.
		In the Compromise of 1867 the Hungarian Kingdom and the Austrian Empire became independent states within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Societies/Hungarian.html (669 words)

	The Hungarian billog and its parallel with paizi - Obrusanszky - Transoxiana 10
		The Hungarian billog and its parallel with paizi - Obrusanszky - Transoxiana 10
		The Hungarian billog and its parallel with paizi
		There was unique object, the billog in the early administration of the early Hungarian kingdom, which was used on the field of jurisdiction.
	www.transoxiana.org /0110/obrusanszky-hungarian-billog-paizi.html (1761 words)

	April Laws, Hungarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As a consequence of the news of the revolutions in Paris and Vienna, the Hungarian diet at Pressburg (Bratislava) presented demands for reforms in March 15.
		The thirty-one articles of the April Laws were the constitutional basis of a modern Hungarian state, calling for a government responsible to the parliament, independent in internal affairs within the Habsburg monarchy, including a separate civil administration, armed forces and judiciary.
		Opposing the Hungarian efforts to incorporate the military border, the court circles and high ranks in the army encouraged the newly appointed Baron Jellacic, the Ban of Croatia against the Hungarian revolution, and opposed Hungarian demands for independent finances and army.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/aprilaw.htm (404 words)

	Hungarian Food - Food Reference
		Hence, no pig was raised, and this remained so until the Kingdom fell to seven Magyar tribes in 896 A D. Khazars were pushed to the outskirts of Bosphorus, and finally annihilated by Russians shortly after.
		The fertile Hungarian Plain and moderate climate allow the cultivation of many tree fruits, berries, and vegetables, and rearing of pigs, poultry, lamb and cattle.
		Hungarians were deprived of the pleasures of enjoying pork during the 150 year long Ottoman occupation of their country, but now enjoy it with a vengeance!
	www.foodreference.com /html/art-hungarian-food.html (741 words)

	Kingdom of Hungary Genealogy Guide for Locating Cities, Towns, Places
		Hungarian Village Finder, Atlas, and Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Hungary (HVF) as a research aid and dictionary of place names, your chances of success are greatly improved.
		Hungarian Village Finder, Atlas, and Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Hungary.
		Hungarian Village Finder, Atlas, and Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Hungary (HVF) can help you to decipher those places by allowing you to browse through several indexes.
	www.hungarianvillagefinder.com /cdrom/LOC.html (2963 words)

	Hungary - Historical Flags (1867-1918)
		According to an old source - European flag book published in 1918, the flag of the Hungarian kingdom(?) in 1918 was red,white,green holozontal tricolour with Kossuth Arm/St.Stephen crown supported by two Angeles which extended into the red and green stripes.
		All flags were the red-white-green tricolour (Ratio of the Hungarian tricolour is 2:1 from 1848 not 3:2).
		This was the official seal of the Kingdom of Hungary.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/hu_h867.html (991 words)

	Portrait of Austria-Hungary. History of the Great Empire and The Habsburg Imperialist
		In 1910, when people were classified by the language they used in everyday discourse, 25% of all citizens were of German, 17% of Hungarian, 13% of Czech, 3% of Slovene, 2% of Italian nationa-lity, and the rest belonged to various other national minorities.
		The Countries of the Holy Crown covered the Hungarian Kingdom, the Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom, Fiume and the so-called Hungarian Seabord.
		The Hungarian Kingdom and Croatia had their own Compromise in 1868, similar to that of Austria and Hungary.
	www.zoltech.net /h/portrait.html (2720 words)

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