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Topic: Hungarian oak

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Pedunculate oak

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Oak

	Oak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oaks are hardwood trees, the wood commonly used in furniture and flooring.
		The wood of Quercus robur, the English oak and Quercus petraea, the Sessile oak, is extensively used in Europe.
		Oak Wilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum (a fungus closely related to Dutch Elm Disease), is also a lethal disease of some oaks, particularly the red oaks (the white oaks can be infected but resist the disease better, and are not usually killed).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oak (872 words)

	Hungarian oak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto) is a large oak, native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey; it is classified in Quercus sect.
		The centre of the Hungarian oak native range is in the Balkans.
		The Hungarian Oak-Turkey Oak forest is the most widespread association of this oak in the Balkans, which is also the most common forest type in Serbia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hungarian_oak (496 words)

	Oak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Oak is such a commonly used wood in the United States that it could almost be described as ubiquitous.
		Oak trees are so much a part of the North American landscape, that it is hard to believe that the mighty oaks thrive in other parts of the world.
		The leaves of oak are eaten by Lepidoptera such as the Oak Hook-tip.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Oak (1214 words)

	Bouchard Cooperages - Australia - Forest Origin Comparison
		Oaks are widely distributed, and prolific, throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and at high elevations in some parts of the tropics.
		Oak from the Baltic states, Serbia and particularly Hungary was very highly prized by barrel makers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
		Hungarian oak offers very similar flavors to French oak, but its most attractive characteristic is a soft, creamy mouth texture (especially early in the wine's development).
	www.bouchardcooperages.com /australia/research/forest_origin.html (2115 words)

	WINE BUSINESS MONTHLY
		While, as can be seen by the oak blight among the oaks and tanoaks in coastal northern California's own oak forests, mixed forest can still experience problems, a mixed forest is generally a healthier forest with lower disease and parasite pressures than can be typical for a monoculture.
		"Hungarian laws require and result in sensible logging and replanting practices assuring an abundant supply of oak for the future." The end result is that, according to Trust International, more oak is growing each year than is cut.
		Additionally, Hungarian oak is selectively cut, rather than clear-cut and many forests are not harvested at all.
	winebusiness.com /html/MonthlyArticle.cfm?dataid=13402 (1074 words)

	July_04
		Oak contact yields certain flavor and aroma compounds--most notably vanillin and a toasty depth that hints of dark-roasted coffee.
		Oak beans continue to interact with the wine for a period of at least two or three months.
		First of all, most of the effect of aging in old oak doesn’t come from leaching compounds from the wood so much as from concentrating the wine by evaporating water and alcohol through the pores of the barrel.
	www.weekendbrewer.com /july_04.htm (1428 words)

	State of Forest Tree Genetic Resources in Albania
		Oak woodland, found above the shrub zone, is composed of oak or mixed forests of oak, hornbeam, fl pine, chestnut, ash, maple and linden.
		Oak forests are also valued for the high nutritive value of their leaves and acorns for cattle, especially during the winter.
		The multiple uses of oak forests and the deforestation caused by clearing land for agriculture have caused their massive degradation, the reduction of biodiversity and severe soil erosion.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/j2108e/j2108e02.htm (1266 words)

	WINE BUSINESS Printer version
		The result is that the European oak forests, including those in southern Hungary, were somewhat depleted of high-quality oak by the end of the eighteenth century.
		This mix of species means that in addition to a generally healthier forest, the oaks grow straight and tall as they compete with the other trees for sunlight.
		The splitter is used because Hungarian oak species, which are the same as the French oak species, don't plug the heartwood xylem tissue with tyloses.
	winebusiness.com /Html/PrinterVersion.cfm?dataId=20800 (1124 words)

	Oak
		By the mid 1980s the use of new oak in inexpensive wine was taking hold, and wine drinkers around the world were assuming they would get the heady aromas and characteristics only oak can impart to a wine, even with the less expensive wines.
		Oak staves should be properly seasoned for three years before they are used for barrels or cubes, sometimes referred to as beans.
		Even though all new oak is not used, thereby lessening the cost, the maintenance of oak barrels is about $50-$60 a year per barrel, old or new.
	www.supermarketguru.com /page.cfm/206 (715 words)

	Oak - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Australian tree known as desert-oak is unrelated, and instead belongs to the genus Allocasuarina.
		The leaves of oak are eaten by the larvae of Lepidoptera species such as Oak Hook-tip, Blotched Emerald, Common Emerald, November Moth and Pale November Moth.
		Because he was dealing with confusing leaf forms, the Q. prinus and Q. rubra specimens actually included mixed foliage of more than one species.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /oak.htm (1049 words)

	NORTHERN BREWER: Oak Products
		French oak is the most highly regarded wood for use in winemaking.
		Hungarian oak has much of the same properties as French oak, but is a bit less intense.
		Oak barrels add complexity to wine in a variety of ways; during storage in a barrel, fruit flavors intensify, acidity increases, tannins are released into the wine and a host of flavors and aromas are picked up from the wood.
	www.northernbrewer.com /oak-products.html (635 words)

	How to oak your wine - grapestompers
		The flavors imparted on the wine by the oak complemented the aroma and taste, and it wasn't long before the vintners everywhere were trying to control the amount of "oaking" a wine received.
		Most of the oak that is used to flavor wine is French and American in origin, although Yugoslavian and Hungarian oak are getting some attention as well.
		About the only control they had was the type of oak used, the age and size of the barrel, and whether the barrel was charred (toasted) or not.
	www.grapestompers.com /articles/oak_wine.htm (1142 words)

	:: HungarianWine.com ::
		Zoltán Günzer ages all of his wine in Hungarian oak barrels which further captures the full essence of traditional wine making in Hungary.
		Description Ottó Légli is a pioneer in the wine region of South Balaton producing lean white wines fermented and matured in Hungarian oak barrels.
		Oak is first recognized in the nose with a fruitiness emerging as the bouquet opens up.
	www.hungarianwine.com /static.php?id=5 (630 words)

	Hungarian Oak Cubes - Beer-Wine.com
		Oak is seasoned naturally for three years & then fire roasted by hand.
		One feature of using oak cubes is that you can create your own custom blend of different toasts and woods and they can be added during fermentation or aging.
		The Oak Cubes are crafted Hungarian oak staves & come in three toast levels, medium (light), house toast (medium plus) & heavy (dark).
	www.beer-wine.com /product.asp?sectionID=2&CategoryID=183&productID=1332 (151 words)

	About Our Oak-Aged Wines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Extracted oak flavor, natural vanillins and unfermentable sugars present during the fermentation and aging process combine with the natural fruit qualities of the grape to make wine of more complexity and interest.
		We have used both American oak (quercus alba) and European oak (quercus sessilis or pendunculata) through the years and find that we are preferring oak from Hungary.
		These white wines are "finished" in our new oak casks for 4 to 6 months while the reds develop for 12 to 24 months.
	www.lachiripada.com /oak-aged_wines.htm (337 words)

	Hungarian Oak - LoveToKnow Garden
		Hungarian Oak (Quercus Conferta) - This is a noble tree in its own country, and one of the quickest growing Oaks in cultivation.
		It has much larger leaves than the common Oak, and they are cut in much the same way.
		It is a good Oak to plant as a tree of the future, as it is very hardy and grows well in almost all kinds of soil.
	garden.lovetoknow.com /wiki/Hungarian_Oak (89 words)

	Oak - LoveToKnow Garden
		From the point of view of effect, the most noble of the summer-leafing Oaks are the American Oaks, with their fine color in autumn.
		The common European evergreen Oak gives a pretty variety from seed, as, indeed, our wild Oak does, evidence of which we may see in any good Oak district where the trees show a dozen different states of leaf and color.
		It is well that some of the favoured shores and valleys of the world have evergreen Oaks which we may grow in England, the best known of these being the Ilex of Italy, happily, hardy in England.
	garden.lovetoknow.com /wiki/Oak (507 words)

	Wines & Vines: Alternative oak sources
		Central European oak was traditionally used in France, especially in Bordeaux in the eighteenth century.
		Although Hungarian oak became available later in the nineteenth century and remained so until World War II, the wood was often quarter-sawn and generally not suitable for high-quality wines.
		A Tonnellerie Lafitte report, commenting on the two Hungarian species, noted that there was a great deal of diversity in flavor of the two oaks in Hungary, depending on the microclimate, soil structure and density of the trees.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3488/is_8_81/ai_64704799 (1415 words)

	Oak
		The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of tree in the genus Quercus.
		The white oaks are further subdivided into the chestnut oaks and the rest of the white oaks, while the red oaks are further subdivided into the live oaks and the rest of the red oaks.
		Of the North American oaks, the most prized of the red oak group for lumber, all of which is marketed as red oak regardless of the species of origin, is that of the northern red oak, Quercus rubra (aka Quercus borealis).
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/oak.htm (352 words)

	Wines & Vines: Leonetti into the forest - Garry Figgins makes wine in Walla Walla, Washington
		The fl currant fruit is supported by very sweet oak that manifests itself as a combination of sandalwood and basil, with a hint of dill.
		"Hungarian oak is more aggressive in the beginning," says Figgins, "then it softens out nicely, giving you a spicy, but elegant oak accent.
		The majority of Figgins' oak is American--about 45% of what's in his stone cellar (built over a ten year period)--and about 40% is French.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3488/is_9_81/ai_65578648 (1428 words)

	cork supply USA \| newpak oak products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Savour Barrel Renew inserts are designed to restore barrel interiors with a choice of French, American or Hungarian oak staves.
		Using the approximate original barrel surface area, the staves are inserted via simple 316 Stainless Steel rings screwed to the wall of the neutral barrel.
		This system achieves new oak barrel quality extraction economically and efficiently, and provides flexibility by allowing the winemaker to change an American barrel into French or Hungarian.
	www.corksupplyusa.com /oak/savour_renew.htm (72 words)

	Murrieta's Well Winery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Both the Semillon and the Chardonnay were barrel fermented in a combination of new and used French, American, and Hungarian oak barrels.
		The oak barrels and the creaminess from the lees stirring serves as background for the rich fruit notes that come equally from the Semillon and the Chardonnay.
		Barrel fermented and sur lie aged for ten months in a combination of new and used French, American, and Hungarian oak.
	www.murrietaswell.com /semchard.html (214 words)

	Our plant introductions - Page 6 of 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dark green to bluish green mildew resistant foliage and reddish fall color is inherited from the White Oak parentage, while the fastigiate growth habit is inherited from the English Oak parentage.
		This drought resistant and adaptable selection of Hungarian Oak has proven to be tough as well as beautiful since its introduction in 1987.
		We introduced this beautiful street tree in 1975, and it has proven to be a fine addition to the oak family.
	www.jfschmidt.com /intros6.html (328 words)

	Wines & Vines: Super coopers the state of the oak - winemaking - includes related articles
		American oak barrels and staves are being exported around the world, and one large American producer, Independent Stave, in partnership with Kendall-Jackson Winery, has a stave mill in France.
		On the alternative side, there are a number of producers offering variations on inserting oak staves or rods into stainless steel; there is increased interest in shaving older barrels to give them a new lease on life and in the use of oak chips, though no one likes to talk about that in public.
		The American oak barrels were made by Demptos until 1992 when Davis left for an association with Barrels Unlimited to produce American oak, made to specification.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3488/is_n9_v76/ai_17536063 (1601 words)

	The News REview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There's the Hungarian Oak Merlot, which was aged six months in barrels from Hungary, the country where historically the French obtained the finest barrels.
		The rosÉ is made from juice "bled off," or lightly pressed from the merlot grapes, a process that some feel improves a heavy red wine by removing liquid and thus allowing for a greater concentration when the must macerates and ferments, releasing color and flavor from the skins.
		For the 2002 wines still in barrels, she experimented with wild yeast and Russian oak barrels, and also made a barrel-fermented chardonnay.
	www.timesreview.com /nr09-04-03/stories/biz.htm (618 words)

	StaVin Tank Products - Oak Beans and Stave Segments
		Whereas oak chips deliver a monochromatic, harsh flavor profile, the Beans' gradation of toast delivers a deliver a delicate mixture of aromatic compounds.
		American oak, harvested from Missouri and Minnesota, French and Hungarian oak are seasoned naturally for three years.
		During red wine fermentation, Oak Beans are highly effective for initiating the stabilization of color and crosslinking grape tannins to help build mid-palate structure.
	www.micro-ox.com /tank_oak.htm (401 words)

	cork supply USA \| newpak oak products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Savour's French Oak Stave Segments are freshly-toasted staves cut into 2-3 inch pieces and packaged in FDA-approved nylon mesh.
		The Barrel Oak Replica is an oak infusion system comprising a series of oak staves connected via FDA-approved nylon cords.
		Savour Barrel Renew is designed to restore barrel interiors with a choice of French, American or Hungarian oak staves.
	www.corksupplyusa.com /oak_products.htm (91 words)

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