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Topic: Hungary between the two world wars

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

MSN Encarta - Austria-Hungary Austria was formed during the Napoleonic Wars, a series of wars fought from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations. Austria and Hungary were united as a result of the compromise (known in German as the Ausgleich) of March 1867. It was established in 1867 under Francis Joseph I, the emperor of Austria and king of Hungary. ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579967/Austria-Hungary.html   (1382 words)

Balkan Wars The wars were an important precursor to World War I, to the extent that Austria-Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbia's territory and regional status. Then on October 8, 1912 the First Balkan War began when Montenegro declared war against Turkey - pre-empting a warning from Russia and Austria-Hungary. The question of Ottoman rule's viability revived, however, after the Young Turk revolution of July 1908 compelled the Sultan to restore the suspended Ottoman constitution. www.worldwidewebfind.com /encyclopedia/en/wikipedia/b/ba/balkan_wars.html   (1382 words)

Reader's Companion to Military History - - Austro-Turkish Wars An armistice, permitting frontier raiding, was concluded in 1547; although fighting intensified again between 1555 and 1562, stalemate returned until the indecisive "Long War" of 1593-1606. The capture of Belgrade in 1521 allowed Ottoman forces to advance into Hungary, most of which they overran in 1526, following the battles of Mohács. But Vienna held, and the Turks were badly defeated by a European coalition, including Catholic and Protestant forces, and expelled from Hungary in 1699. college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_004900_austroturkis.htm   (377 words)

Nationalism The role of nationalism -- and "diaspora politics" specifically -- in the Hungarian transition is easily forgotten in the wake of the brutal wars of Yugoslav succession, Hungary's comparatively smooth postcommunist evolution, and the eventual postcommunist warming of relations between Hungary and Romania. In Hungary, by contrast, the fate of Transylvanian Hungarians that was such a fundamental feature of politics in the late 1980s receded from center-stage and became merely A characteristic -- rather than THE characteristic -- of the broader transition. By contrast, Hungarian political influence in Transylvania was widely regarded as the price Bucharest had to pay for having all of Transylvania returned at the end of the war and as a sop to communist leaders in Budapest who had to defend a deeply unpopular concession. www.balkans.mehedinti.info /studies/nationalism.htm   (3546 words)

Balkan Wars on Encyclopedia.com The Balkan Wars prepared the way for World War I by satisfying some of the aspirations of Serbia and thereby giving a great impetus to the Serbian desire to annex parts of Austria-Hungary; by alarming Austria and stiffening Austrian resolution to crush Serbia; and by giving causes of dissatisfaction to Bulgaria and Turkey. After the conclusion of hostilities Serbia showed intentions of annexing a large part of Albania, in order to gain an outlet on the Adriatic, but this step toward a “Greater Serbia&; was opposed by Austria-Hungary and Italy and by the Albanians, who had proclaimed their independence. The outbreak of the war (Oct., 1912), in which Greece and Montenegro joined the original allies, was followed by the speedy expulsion of the Turks from all of European Turkey, except the Constantinople area. www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/BalkanW1a.asp   (760 words)

MSN Encarta - Austria-Hungary Austria was formed during the Napoleonic Wars, a series of wars fought from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations. Austria and Hungary were united as a result of the compromise (known in German as the Ausgleich) of March 1867. It was established in 1867 under Francis Joseph I, the emperor of Austria and king of Hungary. encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579967/Austria-Hungary.html   (760 words)

Corvinus Matthias: Biography of Corvinus Matthias After this, engaged in two wars with the emperor; captured Vienna in 1485, living there until his death in 1490. Maintained the throne against the emperor and, after having engaged in successful wars with the Turks, received the Bohemian Crown from the Pope on condition of extirpating the Hussites. While thus engaged, a revolt took place in Hungary, supported by Poland and other powers, which combination he routed. www.sacklunch.net /biography/M/CorvinusMatthias.html   (81 words)

Transylvania - Romania Three times he waged war on the emperor, twice he was proclaimed king of Hungary and by the peace of Nikolsburg (Dec. 31, 1621) he obtained for the Protestants a confirmation of the treaty of Vienna, and for himself seven additional counties in northern Hungary. The exit of Russia from the war in March 1918 ( Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) left Romania alone in the Eastern Europe, and a Peace Treaty between Romania and Germany was negociated in May 1918. Although King Ferdinand I of Romania was a Hohenzollern, Romania refused to join the Central Powers and stayed neutral when the First World War began. www.romanian.eu.com /index.php?title=Transylvania   (81 words)

Probert Encyclopaedia: Wars (G-J) The Great War was a war between the Central European Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and allies on one side and the Triple Entente of Britain and the British Empire, France, and Russia and their allies (including the USA which entered in 1917), on the other side between 1914 and 1918. Wars (G-J) The Gallic Wars were a series of campaigns conducted by Julius Caesar between 58 and 51 BC leading to the Roman conquest of Gaul. The Iran-Iraq War between Iran and Iraq lasted from 1980 to 1988, and was claimed by Iran to have begun with the Iraqi offensive on the 21st of September 1980, and by Iraq with the Iranian shelling of border posts on the 4th of September 1980. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FWB.HTM   (81 words)

Probert Encyclopaedia: Wars (G-J) The Great War was a war between the Central European Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and allies on one side and the Triple Entente of Britain and the British Empire, France, and Russia and their allies (including the USA which entered in 1917), on the other side between 1914 and 1918. Wars (G-J) The Gallic Wars were a series of campaigns conducted by Julius Caesar between 58 and 51 BC leading to the Roman conquest of Gaul. The Iran-Iraq War between Iran and Iraq lasted from 1980 to 1988, and was claimed by Iran to have begun with the Iraqi offensive on the 21st of September 1980, and by Iraq with the Iranian shelling of border posts on the 4th of September 1980. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /FWB.HTM   (1736 words)

Balkan Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The wars were an important precursor to World War I, to the extent that Austria-Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbia's territory and regional status. The background to the wars lies in the incomplete emergence of nation-states on the fringes of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century. Serbians had gained substantial territory during the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1877-78, while Greece acquired Thessaly in 1881 (although she lost a small area to Turkey in 1897) and Bulgaria (an autonomous principality since 1878) incorporated the formerly distinct province of Eastern Rumelia (1885). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Balkan_Wars   (624 words)

Russo-Turkish Wars -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article Their conflict during (A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918) World War I is often counted as the eleventh. Most of the time, the wars were fought over control of the (A Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov) Crimea, the (A sea between Europe and Asia; a popular resort area of eastern Europeans) Black Sea, or the (The major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula) Balkans. It was one of the longest conflicts in European History, spanning 241 years, far longer than the (additional info and facts about Hundred Years' War) Hundred Years' War between (A division of the United Kingdom) England and (A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe) France. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ru/russo-turkish_wars1.htm   (361 words)

Arpads The rule of his son Béla IV (1235–1270) was characterized by granting of the first civic privileges (town charter, town status) to arising towns in Hungary (in 1238 to Trnava, Banská Štiavnica/Selmecbánya), Krupina/Korpona and Zvolen/Zólyom), and by the disastrous invasion of the Mongols (wrongly called: Tartars) in 1241-1242 and the subsequent reconstruction of the country. Under Ladislaus I (1077–1095) and Coloman (1095–1116), Hungary annexed the coastal regions of old Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnian territories to the south of the Sava river, and northern western and central Slovakia. He probably brought his Christian wife Gisela (the date of marriage is disputed, most probable are 995/996) to the old Christian center of Nitra, and that is why he became an ardent Christianizer first in the Nitrian principality, later in whole Hungary. www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Arpads   (2438 words)

HUNGARY - Introduction Hungary and the Hungarian nation survived the devastation of the Tartars and Turks, Habsburgs and Russians in the Carpathian Basin; survived the fact that it belonged among the losers of both world wars. That the iron curtain was dismantled on the frontier of Hungary and Austria? You are welcome in Budapest, which many consider to be one of the finest cities of Europe. www.fsz.bme.hu /hungary/intro.html   (390 words)

THE CENTURIES UNDER TURKISH RULE AND THE REVIVAL OF STATEHOOD From the fifteenth to the end of the eighteenth centuries, the Turkish wars against Hungary, Austria and the Venetian Republic were quite numerous, and they were most often fought in the areas where the Serbs were living. These wars left barrenness and anarchy in their wake, suitable conditions for the work of the haiduks, whose activity was constant during the entire period of Turkish rule in Serbian territories. When the wars of Austria against Turkey were no longer defensive and became wars of conquest, the role and importance of the Serbs in Austria changed somewhat. www.suc.org /culture/history/Hist_Serb_Culture/chb_Rados_Ljusic.html   (5489 words)

Anti Essays : Business & Economics : Coke vs Pepsi Fighting for Foreign Markets The new battleground for the cola wars is in the developing markets of Eastern Europe (Russia, Romania, The Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland), Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, and India. The domestic cola war between Coca-Cola and Pepsi is still raging. The cola war is especially hot here because the per capita consumption of Coca-Cola and Pepsi exceeds that of the United States (Murphy, 6). antiessays.bigwonk.com /show.php?&eid=180   (3240 words)

World Almanac for Kids Albert II died in the midst of civil war in Bohemia and an Ottoman invasion of Hungary. Civil war erupted again, this time between the weak but charming Conrad III and the Welf dukes Henry the Proud and his son Henry the Lion. This led to the Hussite Wars by which the moderate Calixtine Hussites won some concessions from the church and Sigismund in exchange for their reconciliation. www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/germany.html   (3240 words)

Hungary - RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION Sigismund died the same year, and Hungary's next two kings, Albrecht V of Austria (1437-39) and Wladyslaw III of Poland (1439-44), who was known in Hungary as Ulaszlo I, both died during campaigns against the Turks. Hungary's first two foreign kings, Charles Robert and Louis I of the House of Anjou, ruled during one of the most glorious periods in the country's history. Sigismund became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1410 and king of Bohemia in 1419, thus requiring him to spend long periods abroad and enabling Hungary's magnates to acquire unprecedented power. countrystudies.us /hungary/9.htm   (3240 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aquileia The city arose (180 B.C.) on the narrow strip between the mountains and the lagoons, during the Illyrian wars, as a means of checking the advance of that warlike people. When the patriarch Louis of Teck (1412-39) compromised himself in a war between Hungary and Venice, the latter seized on all the lands donated to the patriarchate by the German Empire. Its commerce grew rapidly, and when Marcus Aurelius made it (168) the principal fortress of the empire against the barbarians of the North and East, it rose to the acme of its greatness and soon had a population of 100,000. www.newadvent.org /cathen/01661c.htm   (3240 words)

A History of Europe, Chapter 15 Stalin condemned the Yugoslav communists as "deviationists" and "traitors," expelled Yugoslavia from his international communist organization (the Cominform), and called upon the armies of Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania to prepare for an invasion. The Yugoslav Wars: The Slovenian and Croatian Phases By August 1969 the situation had become a virtual civil war, with the IRA and the Protestant Ulster Defense Association engaged in demonstrations, street fighting, bombings, and assassinations. xenohistorian.faithweb.com /europe/eu15.html   (17337 words)

DALMATIA - LoveToKnow Article on DALMATIA Hungary had also its partisans; for in the Dalmatian citystates, like those of Greece and Italy, there were almost invariably two jealous political factions, each ready to oppose any measure advocated by its antagonist. The Venetians, to whom they were already bound by race, language and culture, could afford to concede liberal terms because their own principal aims was not the territorial aggrandizement sought by Hungary, but only such a supremacy as might prevent the development of any dangerous political or commercial competitor on the eastern Adriatic. Thus the Venetian and Ottoman frontiers met; border wars were incessant; Ragusa sought safety in friendship with the invaders. 92.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DA/DALMATIA.htm   (6075 words)

Prelude To World War I: Balkan Wars and Serbo-Albanian Relations At the end of the Balkan wars, however, there was in their Serbian bosom a certain envy. Those that had a state, such as the Serbs, were a powerful magnet for their brothers who were living under foreign rule, much to the discomfort of Austria-Hungary, which had a large Slav population within its borders. The Austro-Hungarian commander on the Balkan front, General Potiorek, moved his invading army through Bosnia, attacking Serbia on the flank, hoping to occupy most of it in 2 to 3 weeks. www.srpska-mreza.com /bookstore/kosovo/kosovo5.htm   (4747 words)

BBC - History - Yugoslavia: 1918 - 2003 By 1912, however, the first of the wars that were to convulse this region periodically throughout the 20th century was about to begin. Two small Serbian and Montenegrin states had already emerged and become independent - having shaken off the Ottoman Turkish yoke - but the rest of what was to become Yugoslavia was still part of either the Ottoman or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Inspired, and also helped, by Serbia's secret services, one of these young radicals took a pot-shot at the heir to throne of Austro-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, who was visiting Bosnia on 28 June 1914. www.bbc.co.uk /history/state/nations/yugoslavia_01.shtml   (542 words)

Balkan Front The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo resulted in both Austria-Hungary and Germany declaring war on Serbia. The Balkan peninsula, is an area in south-east Europe that includes Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and European Turkey. Tension in the area had been heightened by a series of local and international conflicts that culminated in the Balkan War. www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWbalkan.htm   (1280 words)

Kautsky: Communism in Central Europe (Chap.5b) The state of affairs at that time in Hungary, where Turkish inroads and civil wars alternated with each other, was not such as to allow a poor community to rise to opulence. They deprecated war, and the strengthening of the Imperial power against the Turks accorded ill with Hut’s plans, as he expected to derive benefit for his sect from the invasion of the infidels. In State and military affairs the stricter doctrines remained triumphant; the regulation being that in all equitable things the authorities were to be submitted to, but that God was to be obeyed rather than man, i.e., the Baptists reserved to themselves the right to decide the cases in which obedience was justifiable. www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/1897/europe/ch05b.htm   (7840 words)

Hungary: history to 1918 - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Hungary: history to 1918 Hungary came into existence with the arrival of the Magyar (Hungarian) nomadic tribes who migrated through southern Russia, pressed westwards across the Carpathians, and made the Middle Danube Basin their permanent home in the last years of the 9th century. It was during his reign, in 1241, that Hungary was overrun by the Mongols and the king sought refuge in the castle of Trau in Dalmatia. Medieval Hungary reached the zenith of its splendour under Hunyadi's son Matthias Corvinus, who was chosen as king in 1458, and whose court at Buda became a centre of Renaissance culture. encyclopedia.farlex.com /Hungary:+history+to+1918   (1944 words)

Population Problems World War I began on July 28, 1914, with the declaration of war by Austria Hungary on Serbia, and ended with the signing of the armistice at Compiegne between Germany and the allies on terms laid down by the allies at 5 a.m. The Russo- Turkish wars were a series of wars between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which spanned three centuries. The Boer War between the Dutch-descended population-Afrikaners, or Boers- and British settlers was in part the result of gold being discovered in 1884 in the Witwatersrand (southern Transvaal) luring thousands of British miners and prospectors to settle in the area. www.neiu.edu /~ejhowens/362/deaths/war.htm   (1578 words)

Hungary Hungary took an active part in both World Wars I and II and lost much manpower and territory. The fact that the Republic of Hungary was proclaimed on 23 October 1989 (the anniversary of the 1956 revolution), symbolized the essence of the change in regime: the country has regained her sovereignty, switched over from central planning to market economy, and replaced single-party dictatorship with multiparty democracy. Hungary, located in the center of Europe in the Carpathian Basin, is surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains, the Alps and the Dinaric Alps. www.csinszka.com /hungary.htm   (5171 words)

WHKMLA : History of Hungary, 1382-1526 Sigismund attempted to implement reforms, in Hungary as well as in the Empire, meeting suspicion and at times open hostility on the side of Hungary's magnates (who controlled most of Hungary's estates and who wished to monopolize the royal council as well). Under Ladislas V. Postumus, the wars against the Ottoman Turks, who in recent years had subjugated most areas south of the Danube, were resumed. Hungary's next king, Matthias I. Corvinus (Hunyadi) again pursued an active foreign policy. www.stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de /gbs2/whkmla/region/eceurope/hungary13821526.html   (5171 words)

Nagymaros (Pest, Hungary) Nagymaros was a city in the Middle Ages, when Visegra'd was one of the capitals of Hungary (14-15th century). In the time of the Turkish wars (1525-1699) and the Prince Ra'ko'czi's War of Independence (1703-1711) Nagymaros lost its population. Nagymaros (from 1996) is a small town on the left bank of the Danube River, opposite the beautiful Visegra'd in the gate of the Duna-Ipoly National Park 50 km from Budapest. www.buschauer.dynip.com /fotw/flags/hu-pe-nm.html   (5171 words)

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