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	Huqin information - Search.com
		Huqin (胡琴 pinyin: húqín) are a family of bowed string instruments used in Chinese music.
		Instruments in the huqin family have two strings (except the sihu, which has four strings tuned in pairs) and their soundboxes are typically covered with either snakeskin or thin wood.
		The most common huqin are the erhu (essentially a Chinese violin), zhonghu (Chinese viola), and gaohu (a higher pitched instrument commonly used in Cantonese music.) Over thirty types of huqin instruments have been documented.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Huqin (0 words)

	NUSCO: Instruments
		Chinese bowed string instruments are classed under the generic term huqin 胡琴("barbarian stringed instrument"), reflecting the historical fact that this type of instrument was originally used by the nomads of Mongolia and Manchuria.
		The basic huqin is believed to have first appeared in China in the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD), supposedly as a modification of the xiantao (sanxian) with a strip of bamboo used as a bow in place of the original plectrum.
		The dahu ("large huqin") was developed in the 1960s to provide a Chinese equivalent to the cello, and had a large, drum-shaped sound box with a python-skin soundboard like an erhu.
	www.freewebs.com /nusco/instru3.htm (1161 words)

	Huqin - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Instruments in the huqin family have two strings (except the sihu, which has four strings tuned in pairs) and their soundboxes are typically covered with either snakeskin or thin wood.
		The most common huqin are the erhu (essentially a Chinese violin), zhonghu (Chinese viola), and gaohu (a higher pitched instrument commonly used in Cantonese music.) Over thirty types of huqin instruments have been documented.
		In the 20th century, large bass huqin such as the dihu, gehu, and diyingehu were developed for use in modern Chinese orchestras.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Huqin (314 words)

	Erhu - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It belongs to the huqin (Chinese: 胡琴; pinyin: húqín) family of bowed string Chinese instruments, together with the zhonghu (中胡), gaohu (高胡), banhu (板胡), jinghu (京胡), sihu (四胡), and numerous others.
		The name huqin literally means "barbarian instrument," showing that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China.
		He was known for his virtuosity on many instruments of the huqin family, in particular the banhu.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Erhu (1868 words)

	Kreta Ayer People's Theatre (KAPT) - Music
		Later the huqin was introduced as a substitute for the.
		Although the dizi were replaced by the huqin, they were still of use when melodious and elegant qupai (tunes) were needed to accompany such stage acts as dress-changing, sweeping and banquet table setting.
		The hard-bowed huqin replaced the old one and was easier to manipulate and gave a better effect.
	www.kapt.com.sg /music.asp (387 words)

	Chinese Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Huqin was introduced into China around 140 B.C., and has been one of the prevailing Chinese string instruments since that time.
		The huqin in Chinese music is equivalent to the violin in melancholy sensation.
		The erhu, ching-hu, gao-hu, and ban0hu are well-known as the family of huqin instrument.
	www.chineseculture.com.au /chinese_instruments.htm (271 words)

	Erhu - Chinese musical instrument - China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At the time of the dynasty of Song (960-1279), the second generation of the huqin was an instrument solo played at the time of the imperial banquets.
		The distinction of with the huqin appeared under Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911), at the moment of the golden age of the local operas.
		The posture which the musician must adopt to play of the erhu is the same one as that adopted for the other kinds of huqin, the left hand holding the violin and the line, the bow.
	www.chine-informations.com /mods/dossiers/index.php?lg=en&action=fiche&id=396 (480 words)

	Huqin - China-related Topics HU-HZ - China-Related Topics
		Huqin are a family of instruments used in Chinese music.
		The Huqin family varies from two to four strings and consist of either thin wood or snakeskin covering the soundbox.
		The Huqin family has from two to four pegs, one peg for each string.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Huqin (0 words)

	Erhu
		The term huqin was first mentioned in the Song dynasty (960-1279).
		Eventually in the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368), under the Mongolian's rule, both the description of huqin in writing and the portrayal of huqin in painting came to resemble today's erhu.
		Huqin, therefore became a generic term for a very large number of bowed instruments.
	learningobjects.wesleyan.edu /vim/cgi-bin/print.cgi?&id=19 (1047 words)

	諸菩薩應善用其心:Miscellanea of Pandanus - 3 : Huqin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Huqin is a kind of two-stringed bowed musical instruments.
		Then he drilled 2 holes near the edge of the bobbin; a long wood stick prepared beforehand was plugged into the holes.
		He left some self-made huqins, one was kept by me. I didn’t play it for many years.
	blog.yam.com /good_mind/archives/2015536.html (361 words)

	Chinatown Online - your guide to all things Chinese
		Recently large versions of the huqin have been developed for use in ensemble laying, but the differences between the various traditional huqin are functional and regional: some are used more in instrumental ensembles and others to accompany singers; some have strong associations with particular geographical areas, while others are more widespread.
		The banhu is a variety of the huqin, which is similar to the erhu.
		Also known as the bonghu (clapper huqin) because it was heard in the bangzi, or "clapper operas" of the 17th century.
	www.chinatown.com.au /eng/article.asp?masterid=158&articleid=776 (427 words)

	cars - Erhu
		It belongs to the huqin family of Chinese instruments, together with the zhonghu, gaohu, and xihu.
		The first character of the name of the instrument (二) is not derived from the fact that it has two strings (as is the common misconception), but that it is the alto, or "second" voice (after the "gaohu", the "high" voice of the family).
		The name of the huqin family, in turn, indicates "barbarian" origins, showing that the instrument may have been based on Mongolian bowed instruments.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Erhu (263 words)

	Leisure and Cultural Services Department - Press Releases
		The two huqin masters will perform a number of melodies including Gaohu Ensemble "The Butterfly Lovers" exerpts; Erhu Duet "Spring"; Erhu Solo "Reflections of the Moon on the Waters" and "Torrents of the River".
		"Huqin" (pronounced hoo-chin) is a general term for the two-stringed bowed instruments that include the erhu, jinghu, gaohu, banhu and zhonghu.
		Wong On-yuen, a master of these "Huqin" instruments, is one of the most active Chinese music performers in the music and recording circle.
	www.lcsd.gov.hk /en/ppr_release_det.php?pd=20030711&ps=02 (543 words)

	New Page 1
		During Song dynasty (960-1279), the second generation of the huqin was among the instruments played at the imperial banquets.
		The posture, which the player must adopt to play the erhu, is the same as that adopted for the other kinds of huqin: the left hand holding the fiddle and the right hand, the bow.
		The erhu is put on the lap vertically; the left hand moves vertically to touch the strings for the right pitch while the left hand (with the bow) move horizontally to make the sound.
	www.portlandchineseschool.org /after_school/erhu.htm (683 words)

	Stage set-up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Another huqin player named Li Si (Li the Fourth, whose real name was Li Chunquan) was the pioneer in the use of the hard-bowed huqin, which was easier to manipulate and gave a better effect.
		As a result, the soft-bowed huqin met the same fate as the shuangshoudi and was replaced by the hard-bowed one.
		In other words,a competent drummer or huqin player must be a versatile musician,capable of adapting to various styles and meeting different demands.Private huqin players appeared in the first years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (in the late 1870s).
	www.islamichina.com /page/stagesetup.htm (606 words)

	Beijing OPera muisc
		The huqin initiated by Wang Xiaoshao was a soft-bowed fiddle.
		Another huqin player named Li Si (Li the Fourth, whose real name was Li Chunquan) was the pioneer in the use of the hard-bowed huqin, which was easier to manipulate and gave a better effect.
		As a result, the soft-bowed huqin met the same fate as the shuangshoudi and was replaced by the hard-bowed one.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/abloom/mei/pkmusic.htm (599 words)

	Father-and-son huqin masters to perform
		The two huqin masters will perform a number of melodies including gaohu ensemble The Butterfly Lovers exerpts, erhu duet Spring, erhu solo Reflections of the Moon on the Waters and Torrents of the River.
		Huqin (pronounced hoo-chin) is a general term for the two-stringed bowed instruments that include the erhu, jinghu, gaohu, banhu and zhonghu.
		The huqin concert by Wong On-yuen and Wong Sun-tat will be staged at 8pm on August 8 at the Sheung Wan Civic Centre theatre and August 9 at the Ngau Chi Wan Civic Centre theatre.
	www3.news.gov.hk /ISD/ebulletin/en/citylife/030711/html/030711en20006.htm (366 words)

	:::: NUS Chinese Orchestra ::::
		The erhu ("two-stringed huqin") is a two-stringed fiddle that evolved from the xiqin
		The gaohu ("high-pitched huqin") was developed from the erhu by the famous Cantonese musician Lu Wencheng
		(1926 - 1980) designed a further hybrid known as the gehu ("revolutionary huqin") - the sound box was barrel-shaped and horizontal, with a the four strings stretched upon a small bridge.
	www.nusco.info /instrument4.htm (1148 words)

	The Epoch Times \| China's Humble Fiddle
		The humble huqin, however, despite its simple appearance, is capable of reaching depths of musical expression far beyond expectation.
		From the 30 or more types of huqin instruments documented throughout China's history, a few, such as the erhu, have remained popular to this day, reaching the level of a solo instrument capable of expressing deep emotions and imitating natural sounds such as birds, horses and even the human voice.
		The name huqin literally means "barbarian instrument", indicating the origins of the Chinese fiddles, like the erhu, being from peoples north-west of China.
	en.epochtimes.com /news/7-2-13/51663.html (660 words)

	Guzheng Artist Lunlun Zou \| About erhu, including erhu music videos, erhu MP3 music downloads and more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The erhu, sometimes known in the West as the "Chinese violin" or Chinese two string fiddle, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras.
		It belongs to the huqin family of bowed string Chinese instruments, together with the zhonghu, gaohu, banhu, jinghu, sihu, and numerous others.
		An alternate explanation states that er comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu in the modern Chinese orchestra.
	www.guzheng.idv.hk /en/erhu.php (238 words)

	Four Masters from China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Fiddle Suite for Huqin and String Orchestra is one of composer Chen Yi's most-played works (with four performances already scheduled for later this year and next in the U.S. and in Germany).
		Actually, the huqin (pronounced hoo-chin) is the name for a family of Chinese bowed instruments--essentially a two-silk-stringed, vertically-played violin or, as the instrument is called in Chinese, the erhu--that vary in size and character, and whose signature sound can have many varied applications.
		As a representative sampling of the serious orchestral work being produced today by Chinese contemporary composers living and working in the U.S., this concert was a thoughtfully presented and rewarding experience, and successfully points the way for similar presentations in the future.
	www.newmusicon.org /v10n1/v101china.html (1104 words)

	Erhu: Chinese Violin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The erhu (Chinese: 二胡), sometimes known in the West as the 'Chinese violin' or Chinese two string fiddle, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras.
		It belongs to the huqin family of bowed string Chinese instruments, together with the zhonghu (中胡;), gaohu (高胡;), banhu (板胡;), jinghu (京胡;), sihu (四胡), and numerous others.
		The first character of the name of the instrument, "二" (èr, meaning "two"), is said to come from the fact that it has two strings; however, it is also said to have come from the fact that it is the second highest "huqin" in pitch to the gaohu "高胡;" in the modern chinese orchestra.
	www.chinatownconnection.com /erhu-chinese-violin.htm (589 words)

	Chinese Culture
		But these people may be surprised to know that the Erhu belongs to a larger family of instruments, which is collectively known as the Huqin family.
		This family includes a number of two- or three- stringed instruments, which may appear similar to the untrained eye, but are in fact quite different in aspects such as tone and playing technique.
		It is often used during scenes of dressing, writing letters, cleaning the house, holding court and the appearance of the emperor and his queen in Peking Opera.
	english.cri.cn /1857/2004-9-6/103@149163.htm (771 words)

	Eason Enterprises - Music Instruments / Erhu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Huqin is a family of Chinese bowed instruments that became popular during the Sung dynasty, circa 960-1279 AD.
		The range of huqin can reach three or four octaves.
		Erhu - The most important instrument in the Huqin group is the Erhu.
	www.eason.com.sg /instruments/erhu.html (216 words)

	Chinese Musical instruments
		Erhu - or Er-Hu, a two-stringed fiddle, is one of the most popular Chinese instruments in the Huqin family, where Hu means "foreign" or "the northern folk" in Chinese.
		Both the structure and performing skill of these two kinds of Huqin are quite the same, yet Zhong-Hu has a deeper-sounding timbre but not as agile.
		The pitch of Jing-Hu is the highest among all instruments of the Huqin family.
	www.xabusiness.com /china-resources/chinese-musical-instruments.htm (1089 words)

	Chinese viols: the erhu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The erhu is part of the huqin family of instruments, which generally have two strings (thus the ‘er’ in erhu.
		Er, pronounced like the English letter r, is Chinese for two.) The sihu, another member of the huquin family, has four strings (si is four in Chinese).
		Huqin family instruments are held upright on the left leg, or for the smaller versions, between the knees.
	www.violadagamba.com /erhu (430 words)

	Four Masters from China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In a program format that is becoming more familiar to Western audiences, New York’s Cosmopolitan Symphony Orchestra, under the baton of Jindong Cai, presented engaging orchestral offerings by composers of Chinese origin, whose works now appear with growing regularity on the programs of orchestras in the U.S. and around the world.
		Actually, the huqin (pronounced "hoo-cheen" to the Western ear) is the name for a family of similar Chinese bowed instruments (essentially a two-silk-stringed, vertically-played violin or, as the instrument is called in Chinese, the erhu) that vary in size and character, and whose signature sound can have many varied applications.
		As a representative sampling of the serious orchestral work being produced today by ethnically Chinese contemporary composers living and working in the U.S., this concert was a thoughtfully presented and rewarding experience, and successfully points the way for similar presentations in the future.
	www.newmusicon.org /v10n2/v102chinese.html (1046 words)

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