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Topic: Hurrians

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Hurrian language

17th century BCE

851 BC

Hittite Empire

Mitanni

17th century BC

Habiru

1700 BC

Mittanni

1670s BC

16th century BC

Dimli

1650s BC

Kings of Assyria

Languages of the Caucasus

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	Hurrians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hurrian city-state of Yamkhad (Aleppo) is recorded as struggling for this area with the early Hittite king Hattusilis I around 1650 BC; and around 1590 BC, Hurrians seized the coastal region of Adaniya from the Hittites and renamed it Kizzuwadna (later known as Cilicia).
		By 1530 BC the state of Mitanni, still with a mostly Hurrian population and foreign-named aristocracy, was founded between the Euphrates and Balikh rivers with its capital at Washshukanni (thought to have been in northern Syria).
		Hurrian speakers formed the majority population of the kingdom of Mitanni, though they appear to have been governed by a class of foreign nobility.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hurrians (1178 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Northern Mesopotamia, west of the Tigris, and Syria appear settled by a population that is mainly Amorite and Hurrian; and the latter had already reached the Mediterranean littoral, as shown by texts from Alalakh on the Orontes.
		In the 15th century, Alalakh was heavily Hurrianized; and in the empire of Mitanni the Hurrians represented the leading and perhaps the most numerous population group.
		The earliest recorded presence of Hurrian personal and place names is in Mesopotamian records of the late 3rd millennium; these point to the area east of the Tigris River and the mountain region of Zagros as the Hurrian habitat.
	ragz-international.com /hurrians.htm (1032 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hurrian is a conventional name for the language of the Hurrians, a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly vanished by 1000 BC.
		Archaeological knowledge of the Hurrians is still fairly scanty, relying mostly on cuneiform tablets from Hattusas, the capital of the Hittites, whose civilisation was greatly influenced by the Hurrians.
		The Hurrians were masterful ceramists; their pottery is a common find in Mesopotamia and in the lands west of the Euphrates, and was appreciated in distant Egypt, by the time of the New Kingdom.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hurrians (4377 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Hurrians
		The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East, who apparently entered Mesopotamia from the north before 2500 BC and established themselves as rulers of small kingdoms in northern Mesopotamia and Syria.
		The Hurrians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Hurrian, which was unrelated to neighboring Semitic or Indo-European languages, but clearly related to Urartian — a language spoken about a millennium later in northeastern Anatolia — and possibly very distantly to the present-day Northeast Caucasian languages.
		There was no single Hurrian Empire, but by 1540-1520 BC a number of Hurrian-dominated states had been established in northern Mesopotamia, especially in the region of Khanigalbat, centered on the upper Tigris River to the north of Assyria.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Hurrians (996 words)

	Talk:Hurrians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hurrians worshipped gods later associated with the Iranians and Indians (such as Mithra and Varuna) (See Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture)—the names of some Hurrian rulers and certain technical expressions in Hurrian texts (particularly in connection with the chariot) are Indo-European.
		The Hurrians adopted Mesopotamian religion and culture, utilizing Babylonian as an administrative language and cuneiform script to write the Hurrian language.
		Hurrian and Mitanni, Hittite, Urartu etc. all do need good clear reports on the current status of mainstream professional opinion, with some links pointing to further information.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Hurrians (874 words)

	Hurrians
		The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East inhabiting what is now northern Syria and southeastern Turkey.
		Hittite exhibits many Hurrian loanwords, including most of the religious vocabulary.
		The 8th century kingdom of Urartu was also composed of Hurrian speakers, and the language is sometimes referred to as "Hurro-Urartean" (German: hurro-urartisch).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hu/Hurrians.html (109 words)

	Hurrians -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The largest and most influential Hurrian nation was the kingdom of (Click link for more info and facts about Mitanni) Mitanni, which lasted from ca.
		The Hurrian population of Syria in the following century seems to have begun speaking a dialect of Assyrian (Click link for more info and facts about Akkadian language) Akkadian language that developed into (A Semitic language originally of the ancient Arameans but still spoken by other people in southwestern Asia) Aramaic.
		Archaeological knowledge of the Hurrians is still fairly scanty, relying mostly on (An ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia) cuneiform tablets from (Click link for more info and facts about Hattusas) Hattusas, the capital of the Hittites, whose civilisation was greatly influenced by the Hurrians.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Hu/Hurrians.htm (953 words)

	Mitanni, Hurrians, Subareans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Hurrian, huradi means a soldier; in the neo-Assyrian period, a verb hara_du 'to keep watch' was perhaps derived from it.
		On this seal, the king is seated on a throne rather tan the usual padded stool, one of the worshippers is not bareheaded and neither raises his right hand, as on the metropolitan prototypes.
		Hurrians may be presumed to have been in the Near East from early times on the basis of the old Sumerian craft-word ta/ibira, 'copper worker', for which convincing proof of a Hurrian source can be adduced (Otten 1984, Wilhelm 1988).
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/contacts/mitanni.htm (6500 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		migrated from the Transcaucasian area and settled eastward of the Tigris River and in the Zagros mountain region, from the headwaters of the Diyala to the Upper Khabur region -- the so-called "Hurrian ledge".
		In the 15th century B.C. the Hurrian area from the Iranian mountains to Syria and north into Anatolia was united under the control of a military aristocracy called Mitanni.
		The first major center of the Hurrians was Nuzi, a provincial agricultural town that lay in the kingdom of Arrapha, although it never became a major urban center.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/hurrians.htm (361 words)

	New Societies in Mesopotamia
		The Hurrians settled down, gradually adopted civilized ways and became dominant in such cities as Mari, on the upper Euphrates, and Nuzi, and Nuzi became a thriving commercial center.
		Egypt's advance in Syria was halted by the Hurrians, and in the mid-1400s, Egypt allied itself with the Hittites while it continued to clash with the Hurrians.
		It was now the Hurrians who weakened themselves with internal conflict, and the Hittites - who had regained their strength - warred with the Hurrians and further weakened them, and this helped Assyrians in northeastern Mesopotamia free themselves from Hurrian domination.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch03.htm (4634 words)

	Races
		The Hurrians were an important ethnic group in the Levant during the 2nd millenium BCE.
		The Hurrians overthrew the rulers of Assyria, and the flourishing commercial city of Nuzu east of the Tigris was a Hurrian community.
		In the 15th and 14th centuries BCE (during the Egyptian Eighteenth Dynasty), they united the entire Hurrian region from the Iranian mountains to the Mediterranean, forming the Mitanni state.
	www.nigli.net /akhenaten/hurria_1.html (470 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Hurrians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Hurrian, which was unrelated to neighboring Semitic or Indo-European languages, but related to Urartian — a language spoken about a millennium later in northeastern Anatolia — and possibly to the present-day Northeast Caucasian languages.
		These foreigners spoke Indo-European languages, cremated their dead, and introduced the use of the horse and chariot in the battlefield — a situation that has obvious similarities to the events in northern India at about the same time.
		The Hurrians were masterful ceramists; their pottery is a common find in Mesopotamia and in the lands West of the Eufrates, and was appreciated in distant Egypt, by the time of the New Kingdom.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hurrians (817 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When civilization began in Sumer (ca3200 BCE), the Hurrians were probably occupying lands north of the Semitic Akkadians (middle and northern Mesopotamia) in eastern and southeastern Anatolia.
		The end for both the Hittite Empire and the Hurrian kingdoms came ca1200 when they were subjected to attacks from enemies within Anatolia, in the case of the Hittites, and from sea marauders, in the specific case of Ugarit.
		The Hurrians left few remnants of their language and their history is known in great part thanks to their main historical antagonists, the Hittites.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /h/hurrians.html (1078 words)

	Hurrians - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		The Hurrians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Hurrian, which was unrelated to neighboring Semitic or Indo-European languages, but related to Urartian — a language spoken about a millenium later in northeastern Anatolia — and possibly to the present-day Northeast_Caucasian_languages.
		Around 1775_BC, in the reign of Hammurabi, Hurrians are recorded as entering the Babylonian_Empire in the region of Chagar Bazar.
		There was no single Hurrian Empire, but by 1540-1520_BC a number of Hurrian-dominated states had been established in northern Mesopotamia, especially in the region of Khanigalbat, centered on the upper Tigris_River to the north of Assyria.
	www.erdmond.com /Hurrians.html (763 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is a curious phenomenon that the myths and epics of southern Mesopotamia (Sumerian and Akkadian) show a sharp and diffused awareness of the extra-Mesopotamian landscapes to the east, the south and the west, but not to the north – which is wholly absent.
		While important and autonomous, the Hurrian urban culture was not represented by a large number of cities.
		In the early second millennium, Hurrian influence is still visible in the material culture, but political control passes in the hands of the Amorite kings of Mari.
	128.97.6.202 /urkeshpublic/Hurrians.htm (515 words)

	[No title]
		The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East, who apparently entered Mesopotamia from the north before 2500 BC [sic] and established themselves as rulers of small kingdoms in northern Mesopotamia and Syria .
		The Hurrians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Hurrian, which was clearly related to Urartian - a language spoken about a millennium later in north eastern Anatolia - and possibly very distantly to the present-day Northeast Caucasian languages.
		And the reason that the Hurrian language was very like Urartian, much later, is because Urartu (see Velikovsky's map on the progess of the Hurrians eastwards) is right on one of those paths that the Hurrians took on their march eastwards.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /the_hurrians.html (1636 words)

	e. The Kassites, the Hurrians, and the Arameans. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Despite the large number of surviving texts, the Hurrian language remains undeciphered.
		Shalmeneser I defeated the last Hurrian king, Shattuara II, and the Hurrians were absorbed into the Assyrian Empire around 1270.
		Adad-Nirari I (1307–1275) defeated the Babylonians and conquered the Hurrian city-states.
	www.bartleby.com /67/86.html (801 words)

	Nuzi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuzi was an ancient city southwest of Kirkuk in modern Iraq, located near the Tigris river.
		It was founded by the Hurrians around 1500 BC.
		From about 1500 to 1350 BC Nuzi was located on the outskirts of the Kingdom of Mitannia, a major power in northern Mesopotamia, before being absorbed into the Assyrian Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuzi (140 words)

	Hurrians - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Hurrians were a people of the Ancient Near East, who apparently originated in the Caucasus and entered Mesopotamia from the north approximately 2500 BC.
		The Hurrians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Hurrian, unrelated to neighboring Semitic or Indo-European languages, but clearly related to Urartian — a language spoken about a millennium later in northeastern Anatolia — and possibly, very distantly, to the present-day Northeast Caucasian languages.
		Another theory is that the Armenians came to the Caucasus with the Hurrans from the Indo-European homeland.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Hurrians (1031 words)

	Hurrians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		El Hurrians habló una vecino lengua aglutinante, llamó convencionalmente a Hurrian, que estaba sin relación Semitic o las idiomas indoeuropeas, pero relacionado a Urartian - una lengua hablada alrededor de un milenio más adelante en Anatolia del noreste - y posiblemente a las idiomas caucásicas nordestales actuales.
		El Hurrians se convirtió en al parecer una energía política importante después de ser dominada por una élite de reglas extranjeras.
		El Hurrians era ceramists masterful; su cerámica es un hallazgo común en Mesopotamia y en las tierras al oeste del Eufrates, y fue apreciada en Egipto distante, para el momento en que del nuevo reino.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/hu/Hurrians.htm (854 words)

	Encyclopedia Mythica: Religions
		The beliefs of Arabia comprising the polytheistic beliefs and practices that existed before the rise of Islam in the 7th century CE.
		These religions are usually defined by the languages of those who practiced them: e.g., Amorite, Hurrian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Moabite.
		The term Canaanite is often used broadly to cover a number of these, as well as the religion of early periods and areas from which there are no written sources.
	www.pantheon.org /miscellaneous/religions.html (1011 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Hurrians (Ancient Near East S.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Hurrians were one of the principal contributors to ancient Near Eastern civilisation and yet we know far less about their language, history and culture than we do about the Sumerians, Assyrians or Hittites.
		Professor Wilhelm is one of the world's principal authorities on Hurrian language and history, and the book is therefore highly authoritative, although written for the general reader.
		The Hurrians is essential to everyone studying the ancient Near East, and provide a starting point for future research into this important civilisation.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0856684899 (313 words)

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