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Topic: Husayn (Safavid)

	Husayn (name) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
		Husayn Kamil, the Sultan of Egypt and King of The Sudan from December 19, 1914 - October 9, 1917
		Ali Akbar ibn Husayn, the son of Shi’as’ third Imam Hussain ibn Ali and Umm-e-Laila
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Husayn_(name) (277 words)

	Persian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Safavid Dynasty hailed from the town of Ardabil in the region of Azarbaijan.
		Safavid Persia was a violent and chaotic state for the next seventy years, but in 1588 Shah Abbas I of Safavid ascended to the throne and instituted a cultural and political renaissance.
		However, the Safavids were severely weakened, and that same year (1722), the empire's Afghani subjects launched a bloody revolt in response to the Safavids' attempts to convert them from Sunni to Shi'a Islam by force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_Empire (4761 words)

	Husayn (Safavid) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Husayn (also known as Soltan Hosayn) (1668?–1726) was the last powerful Safavid king of Persia.
		He then had to crown the leader of the Afghans, Mahmud, while his son, Tahmasp II continued to claim the throne.
		Husayn was killed several years later by Mahmud.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Husayn_(Safavid) (127 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Safavid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Safavid SAFAVID [Safavid], Iranian dynasty (1499-1736), that established Shiite Islam in Iran as an official state religion.
		Ismail ISMAIL [Ismail], 1486-1524, shah of Persia (1502-24), founder of the Safavid dynasty.
		Tahmasp TAHMASP [Tahmasp], 1514-76, shah of Persia (1524-76), son and successor of Ismail and the second of the Safavid dynasty.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Safavid (606 words)

	Shiites, Shia, Shi'a
		A key event in the history of the Shia and for all Muslims was the tragic death at Karbala of Husayn, the son of Ali, and Muhammad's daughter Fatima.
		Husayn had refused to recognize the legitimacy of the rule of the Umayyad Yazid, the son of Mu'awiyah, and was on his way to rally support for his cause in Kûfah.
		Husayn chose to fight, and he and all the members of his family with him were massacred.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txo/shiites.htm (3834 words)

	Safavid - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		SAFAVID [Safavid], Iranian dynasty (1499-1736), that established Shiite Islam in Iran as an official state religion.
		The consolidation of Safavid rule was completed during the reign of Shah Abbas I.
		Shah Husayn (1694-1722) devoted his energy to reconquering the island of Bahrayn, ignoring the opposition centered in Afghanistan.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Safavid.asp (518 words)

	Shi'a: The Safavids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He had assumed control of the Safavids in 1494 AD / 900 AH (at the age of seven!), and appears to have gained a fanatical following by not only calling himself the representative of the Hidden Imam, but by claiming to be the Hidden Imam himself (later he would claim divinity).
		The greatest of the Safavid arts was architecture; the Safavid mosques, palaces, and parks built during the reign of Abbas I are among the greatest architectural achievements in Islam.
		Both Islamic and Western historians believe that Safavid decline began shortly after the death of Shah Abbas I. The later Shahs were never as firm or disciplined as Abbas, and the Empire slowly disintegrated under the invasive pressures of the Ottomans and the Uzbeks in the north.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/SHIA/SAFAVID.HTM (1091 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Shi'a as a religious sect really does not appear until after the death of Husayn, at which point the penitent ceremonies associa ted with the death of Husayn are regarded as religious in nature by orthodox Muslims.
		He had assumed control of the Safavids in 1494 AD / 900 AH (at the age of seven!), and appears to have gained a fanatical following by not only calling himself the represe n tative of the Hidden Imam, but by claiming to be the Hidden Imam himself (later he would claim divinity).
		The greatest of the Safavid arts was architecture; the Safavid mosques, palaces, and parks built during the reign of A bbas I are among the greatest architectural achievements in Islam.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/TEXT/111/unit6pt2.rtf (10015 words)

	Safavids
		The Safavids were also in charge of establishing Shi'i Islam as the dominating religion in Iran.
		The Safavid state was through long periods a theocracy, with the shah claiming legitimacy as ruler through his religious position.
		The idea of the shah as a infallible semi-divine figure which had dominated the early years of the Safavid state, was crushed in the battle at Chaldiran in 1514.
	i-cias.com /e.o/safavids.htm (977 words)

	Historical Setting
		The Safavids faced the problem of integrating their Turkic-speaking followers with the native Iranians, their fighting traditions with the Iranian bureaucracy, and their messianic ideology with the exigencies of administering a territorial state.
		The Safavid Empire received a blow that was to prove fatal in 1524, when the Ottoman sultan Selim I defeated the Safavid forces at Chaldiran and occupied the Safavid capital, Tabriz.
		Although he was forced to withdraw because of the harsh winter and Iran's scorched earth policy, and although Safavid rulers continued to assert claims to spiritual leadership, the defeat shattered belief in the shah as a semidivine figure and weakened the hold of the shah over the qizilbash chiefs.
	www.parstimes.com /history/historicalsetting.html (20953 words)

	Culture of Iran
		Husayn, Ali’s second son and the third Shiite imam refused to swear allegiance to Yazid.
		Safavid invited Shiite religious figures from Lebanon and Southern Iraq and theological colleges were endowed for them.
		Though Safavid fell in 1772 their religious establishments, traditions and hierarchy have remained effective even today and are practiced widely.
	www.cultureofiran.com /muharram.php (2175 words)

	Alcohol Info Safavids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tһe Safavids (Persian language : صفویان) were a native Iran dynasty from Iranian Azarbaijan tһat ruled from 1501 to 1736, and wһicһ establisһed Sһi'a Islam as Iran's official religion and united its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, tһereby reigniting tһe Persian Empire identity and acting as a bridge to modern Iran.
		To establisһ political provenance, tһe Safavid rulers claimed to be descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib and һis wife Fatima, daugһter of tһe Muһammad, tһrougһ tһe seventһ Imam Musa al-Kazim.
		Later during Safavid and especially Qajar period tһe role of Sһia ulema increased and tһey were able to exercise a role, independent of or compatible witһ tһe government's.
	kinko39s.info /en/Safavids (3032 words)

	Wide Angle . Red Lines and Deadlines . Interactive Map: Sunni and Shi'a: The worlds of Islam \| PBS
		The anniversary of Husayn's death, Ashura (the tenth day of the first month of the Muslim year) is one of the major holidays in the Shia calendar.
		Iran had been officially Shia since the Safavid dynasty, but Iraq had only a brief period of Shia rule, and had been administrated by Sunni leaders since the middle of the sixteenth century, continuing under the Ottomans, the British, and Saddam Hussein.
		Husayn, Ali's son, Muhammad's grandson, and the central martyr in the Shia tradition, died at Karbala and is buried there.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/shows/iran/map2.html (1553 words)

	Introduction to Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
		Zayn al-'Abidin was the fourth of the Shi'ite Imams, after his father Husayn, his uncle Hasan, and his grandfather 'Ali, the Prophet's son-in-law.
		There is no need to recount here the tragedy at Karbala' in 61/680, when Husayn and many of the male members of his family were killed by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid, an event which shook the Islamic world and precipitated the nascent Shi'ite movement.
		Once the Umayyad troops had massacred Husayn and his male followers, they looted the tents, stripped the women of their jewellery, and even took the skin upon which Zayn al-'Abidin was prostrate.
	al-islam.org /sahifa/intro.html (10992 words)

	Women in the Timurid and Safavid Dynasties
		During the reign of Husayn Mirza, (R. 1470 to 1506), the capital of the Timurid Dynasty moved from Samarkand to Herat.
		Early Safavid women were distinctive from women in other Islamic societies because much power and respect was given to the pious and celibate unmarried sister or daughter of ruling men.
		This may be attributed to the fact that the Safavid imperial family was not extremely wealthy, which means that the non-imperial elite women would have had the opportunity to build.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/arthistory/ah369/timurid.html (4276 words)

	A Study of the Migration of Shi'i Works from Arab Regions to Iran at the Early Safavid Era. \|\| Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
		After the establishment of the Safavid dynasty his works, most of them as original autographs, were transferred to various cities of Iran, especially those of Azerbaijan, the centre of the Safavids.
		A manuscript of 'Allamah Hilli's Irshad al-Adhhan written by Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Alawi Tusi in 28 Ramadan 704/1304 at Hillah was in the library of Farhad Mirza in 1297/1879 and is presently kept at the Majlis Library (vol.
		For instance, Shaykh Husayn ibn 'Ali Hajri was one of the pupils of Muhaqqiq Karaki.
	www.imamreza.net /eng/imamreza.php?print=589 (5833 words)

	1726. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Completion of Tadhkirat al-Muluk, a manual of Safavid administration that detailed the power of the vezir as chief minister and the influence of the harem over rulers.
		An able general from the Turkoman tribe of Afshar, Nadir Khan (Nadir Quli) assembled an army in northern Iran and began the reconsolidation of the country under his control.
		He became the de facto ruler of Iran, although he acknowledged Tahmasp II, the son of Sultan Husayn, as Safavid shah until 1732, then Tahmasp's infant son Abbas III until 1736, at which time he declared himself shah.
	www.bartleby.com /67/817.html (664 words)

	Safavid - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Safavid Persia: The History and Politics of an Islamic Society...
		artistic diversity of Isfahan, the capital of Safavid Persia from 1597 to 1722, a rare exhibition...
		rivalries between the Ottomans and the Safavids fought in the domains of religion and...
	www.highbeam.com /ref/doc3.asp?docid=1E1:Safavid (597 words)

	Islamic Silver Coins :: Iran
		'Abbas's great grandfather, Isma'il I (1501-1524), had committed the Safavid dynasty to Shi'ism, and its adherence to this branch of Islam facilitated Iran's national distinction from the Sunni Ottomans to the west and the Sunni Uzbeks and Mughals to the east.
		On the reverse field, together with the date and place of issue, is written a particularly Safavid honorific, " 'Abbas, the servant of the King of Holiness'".
		On the reverse in a bold, broad cursive script is inscribed: "Husayn, the servant of the king of holiness.
	www.islamicart.com /main/coins/s_iran.html (597 words)

	Persian Language & Literature: Samad Behrangi: 24 Restless Hours
		As they passed in front of us, the young man grabbed Ahmad Husayn by the back of the neck, lifted him up, and put him on his stomach on the guard rail at the side of the street so his head hung towards the street and his feet towards the sidewalk.
		As always, Ahmad Husayn was scurrying this way and that in front of the girls' school, begging at the cars that brought the girls.
		Near noon, Ahmad Husayn, Zivar's boy and I were sitting at the edge of the gutter on Naderi Street next to the camel, cracking sunflower seeds and discussing the price of the camel.
	www.iranchamber.com /literature/sbehrangi/works/24_restless_hours.php (6535 words)

	Main page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harat was in Safavid hands from 916/1510-11 and although it fell to the Uzbaks many times during the Safavid control.
		Qandahar come under Safavid rule during the reign of Shah Tahmasb and from 965/1558 to the end of the Safavid period it continued in Safavid hands, although from 1000/1591-2 to 1031/1622 and 1047/1637-8 to 1059/1649 it was under the control of the Mogul dynasty of India.
		Aqa Muhammad Khan was the son of Muhammad Hasan Qajar, the rival of Nadir Shah and Karim Khan Zand, of the Ashaqabash clan of the Qajar tribe.
	www.navb.net /travel/History/index6.html (2471 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Ali’s sons, Hassan and Husayn continued opposition to this new dynasty, with Husayn eventually leading an army to fight against them, claiming that he was the legitimate interpreter of Islam.
		With Husayn’s defeat and death in the battle of Karbala, the Shia essentially went into hiding and the Umayyads ruled until they in turn were overthrown by the Abbasid dynasty which established its capital in Baghdad in 750.
		Ali is thus the first Imam, with his sons, Hasan and Husayn being the second and third Imams and his descendants continuing the line until the twelfth Imam.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianstudies/wbwoa/centralasia/Iran/religion.html (4071 words)

	Safavid
		The consolidation of Safavid rule was completed during the reign of Shah
		Persian art and architecture: The Safavid Dynasty - The Safavid Dynasty Under the Safavid dynasty (1499–1722) palaces were decorated with mural...
		Ismail, shah of Persia - Ismail, 1486–1524, shah of Persia (1502–24), founder of the Safavid dynasty.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0842919.html (393 words)

	AllRefer.com - Safavid, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Recognizing his military inferiority vis-A-vis the Ottoman Sultanate, Abbas accepted the Ottoman occupation of the western parts of his domain and was thus able to concentrate his efforts on creating a standing army and halting Uzbek incursions from the east.
		Shah Husayn (1694–1722) devoted his energy to reconquering the island of Bahrayn, ignoring the opposition centered in Afghanistan.
		See L. Lockhart, The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty (1958); I. Munshi, History of Shah Abbas the Great (1978); R. Savory, Iran under the Safavids (1980).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Safavid.html (458 words)

	Elegy on Imam Husayn (a)
		In many later elegies on Husayn, the lament is put into the mouths of females of his family, Fatima, for instance, or Zaynab, and this recalls the pre-Islamic elegy.
		It was inevitable that once the force of memory receded, themes had to be introduced into elegy on Husayn which would have the desired effect on the hearer by bringing forward the significance of his martyrdom; thus the elegy is linked with the issues surrounding his martyrdom.
		In fact, the 'reproach' is a common theme in elegy on Husayn, of the hearer, of the dead relatives of the martyr, or even of God.
	www.al-islam.org /al-serat/Elegy.htm (4336 words)

	Amazon.com: Converting Persia: Religion and Power in the Safavid Empire (International Library of Iranian Studies): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran by Sussan Babaie
		Mir Damad, Shah Tahmasb, Shah Isma'il, Mir Husayn, Khalifa Sultan, Safavid Empire, Shah Safi, Mir Makhdum, Twelver Shi'ism, Muhammad Beg, Shah Suleiman, Abu Muslim, Abu Bakr, Hidden Imam, Mirza Muhammad, Saru Taqi, Muhammad Baqir, Safavid Persia, Safavid Shahs, Mir Sayyid Husayn, Mulla Sadra, Ibn Babuya, Ibn Khwatun, Khahfa Sultan, Shah Ismail
		This is a great book to read about Safavid Empire roles in converting Persia to 12 Imam shiite.
	www.amazon.com /gp/product/186064970X (706 words)

	Muslims, Islam, and Iraq
		Historically the city of Najaf (which according to one etymology is derived from the phrase "nay jaff" meaning "dry river" or possibly dry reed; it may also mean "sand hill or dune" and which is located about 120 miles south of Baghdad) where Ali's shrine is located, has been a major Shi'ite center.
		Karbala (which according to one etymology offered by the famed Muslim geographer, Yaqut al-Hamawi, is derived from a word meaning "soft earth" [karbalat]) located about 50 miles southwest of Baghdad and the site of Husayn's martyrdom and his shrine, also became a very important Shi'ite center.
		Najaf is on a canal linked to the Euphrates river, while Karbala is slightly to the west of the river and north of Najaf.
	www.uga.edu /islam/iraq.html (8486 words)

	The Safavid, Ghalzay & Afsharid Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tahmasp II Son of Sultan Husayn; deposed; died 1740
		Sulayman II Maternal grandson of Safi II; deposed; died 1763
		Materal grandson of Sultan Husayn; nominal ruler only
	badraie.com /safavids.htm (53 words)

	Shop eBay Canada Store - IRANIAN COINS AND MEDALS:: Islamic Dynasties, Qajar Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		IRAN PERSIA SAFAVID SULTAN MUHAMMAD AR COIN TABRIZ 985
		IRAN PERSIA SHAH PAHLAVI MEDAL OF 28 MORDAD SCARCE!!!
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	stores.ebay.ca /IRANIAN-COINS-AND-MEDALS (209 words)

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