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Topic: Hussain Mohammed Ershad

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	Miaji's Bangladesh Page
		Ershad resigned as chief of army staff, retired from military service, and was elected president in October 1986.
		Ershad declared a state of emergency in November, dissolved parliament in December, and scheduled new parliamentary elections for March 1988.
		Ershad's party won 251 of the 300 seats; three other political parties which did participate, as well as a number of independent candidates, shared the remaining seats.
	www.geocities.com /miaji.geo/ban.html (1749 words)

	SouthWestern Bell Worldroom at the International Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ershad resigned as Army Chief of Staff and retired from military service in preparation for the presidential elections scheduled for October.
		Although Ershad's government claimed a turnout of more than 50%, opposition leaders and much of the foreign press estimated a far lower percentage and alleged voting irregularities.
		However, opposition to Ershad's rule began to regain momentum, escalating by the end of 1990 in frequent general strikes, increased campus protests, public rallies, and a general disintegration of law and order.
	worldroom.tamu.edu /develop/GA_Bang.htm (2090 words)

	Politics of Bangladesh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		H.M. Ershad assumed power in a bloodless coup in March 1982.
		Ershad sought public support for his regime in a national referendum on his leadership in March 1985.
		On February 27, 1991, after 2 months of widespread civil unrest, an interim government oversaw what most observers believed to be the nation's most free and fair elections to date.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh (2676 words)

	Politicians and their 'Utopian' ideas!
		General [Retd] Hussain Mohammed Ershad, the army general-turned-politician, whose stories of autocratic rule for long nine years still make rounds in the corridors of society with lot of interest, has indeed come up with a queer idea recently which I would unhesitatingly call anything but 'utopian', to say the least.
		General Ershad's idea, not entirely a new or original one by any means as I have already mentioned above, consists of dividing the country into eight provinces with the five existing divisions and addition of greater Rangpur [his home district], Comilla and greater Mymensingh [his 'shoshurbari' or in-law's home district] along with the others.
		General Ershad and his cohorts may therefore seriously think of a different game-plan instead of confusing the countrymen with their absurd theories of creating eight provinces.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/exec/view.cgi/15/9929/printer (1331 words)

	Norsk P.E.N
		Mohamed SMAIN: President of the Relizane branch of the Ligue algérienne pour la défense des droits de l’homme (Algerian League for the Defence of Human Rights - LADDH), was sentenced to one year’s imprisonment on 24 February 2002 on charges of defamation.
		Mohamed BENCHICOU and Sid Ahmed SEMIANE (aka SAS): director and columnist respectively with the daily Le Matin, face eleven counts of defamation brought by the Ministry of Defence on 26 March 2002.
		Mohammed FALL OULD OUMERE: editor of the weekly independent newspaper La Tribune, was arrested on 12 April 2002 in the town of Boutilimitt.
	www.norskpen.no /international_pen/caselist2-02.shtml (18661 words)

	Background Notes: Bangladesh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hussain Mohammed Ershad Like his predecessors, Ershad dissolved parliament, declared martial law, assumed the position of CMLA, suspended the constitution, and banned political activity.
		Ershad reaffirmed Bangladesh's moderate, nonaligned foreign policy and said he aimed to cleanse the country of corruption, revitalize the economy through increased private sector activity, decentralize and streamline the bureaucracy, reform the legal system, and lay the foundation for a return to democratic institutions.
		The Ershad government has sought to increase industrial growth by removing barriers to private sector participation in economic development, providing incentives to domestic and foreign private investors, and denationalizing public sector industrial units and banks.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/bgnotes/sa/bangladesh9010.html (6789 words)

	Short Term Election Observation
		Ershad assumed power in a bloodless coup in March 1982.
		Ershad then sought public support for his regime in a national referendum on his leadership in March 1985.
		JP president, Ershad, was released from prison on bail in January 1997.
	www.humanrights.uio.no /forskning/publ/wp/other/wp_2001_20.htm (15801 words)

	Bangladesh Human Rights Practices, 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1992 Ershad's supporters filed a writ of habeas corpus in the Supreme Court asserting that his living conditions were inhumane and that he has been denied proper medical care.
		Ershad's treatment and condition came under particular scrutiny in November when he was diagnosed with jaundice.
		Following visits to the jail, Ershad family members, who claimed that they had been denied proper visitation rights, alleged that the former President's treatment was inadequate and that he required full hospitalization.
	www.usemb.se /human/human95/banglade.htm (7848 words)

	GN Online: Ershad surrenders to serve jail term
		Former Bangladesh President Hussain Mohammed Ershad yesterday turned himself in to begin a five-year jail term at Dhaka Central Jail for corruption as violence erupted, fuelled by angry supporters from Ershad's Jatiya Party who clashed with riot police around Dhaka Central Jail.
		Ershad, who went to jail after he stepped down from power in the face of mass upsurge on December 6, 1990, was convicted in a number of corruption cases filed between 1990-93.
		In 1993 the trial court had sentenced Ershad to seven years in prison for illegally possessing 3,150 square metres of state-owned land in a business district of the capital while he was the country's military dictator.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=3181 (599 words)

	Love affair could cost Ershad his party
		Hussain Mohammed Ershad, who is out on bail, is faced with a revolt by party members and massive media pressure to end a 14-year relationship with a married woman that caused his wife of 40 years to walk out last month.
		Ershad had obviously not anticipated public disapproval of his plan to marry Zeenat, the wife of a former party associate, now an Opposition member.
		The triumvirate though is not budging from a four-point demand for resolving the present party crisis: Ershad's resignation as party chairman, immediate convening of the JP council, resignation of secretary general Manju from the Cabinet and an assurance from Ershad that he will not talk about his affairs.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19970502/12250683.html (625 words)

	INTERNATIONAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ershad whose Jatiya Party (JP) supported Awami League to form the government on June 23 last year said, "We have supported Awami League on certain issues which needs consensus by all political parties for resolution...
		Ershad gave green signal to his party stalwarts to support Awami League from the Dhaka Central Jail.
		He argued that as the allegations have not been proved beyond doubt, the suspect has to be released.
	www.gulf-news.com /gn/international/1203972.htm (892 words)

	Hossain Mohammad Ershad - TheBestLinks.com - Hussain Mohammed Ershad, Bangladesh, Dictator, 1990, ...
		Hussain Mohammed Ershad, Hossain Mohammad Ershad, Bangladesh, Dictator, 1990...
		Hossain Mohammad Ershad (born 1930) was the military dictator of Bangladesh from 1982 until 1990.
		After a military coup on March 24, 1982, Ershad became marshal law administrator until 1984, abolishing the post of prime minister.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hussain_Mohammed_Ershad.html (135 words)

	Top Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In a coup de theatre, Bidisha Ershad, the second wife of former president and Jatiya Party Chairman Hussain Mohammed Ershad, was arrested by Gulshan Police yesterday from their Baridhara residence following a case filed by her husband.
		"Ershad is not at home and police are here to arrest me. But I do not know what is my fault," she said before the line was snapped.
		Ershad was not available for comments but his political secretary Kazi Firoz Rashid told newsmen after visiting Bidisha that the police arrested Bidisha at the directive of the top level of the government.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/jun/05/05062005ts.htm (965 words)

	Background Notes: Bangladesh 11/97
		U.S.-Bangladesh relations are excellent, as demonstrated by the visits to Washington, DC, in August 1980 by President Zia; in 1983, 1988, and 1990 by President Ershad; and in 1992 by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.
		The Ershad government (1982-90) sought to increase industrial growth by removing barriers to private sector participation in economic development, providing incentives to domestic and foreign private investors, and denationalizing public sector industrial units and banks.
		Key to this change in policy was the denationalization of about half of the public sector's jute looms, one-third of its cotton textile looms, a number of other industrial units, and several banks.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/50.htm (6907 words)

	rediff.com: Former Bangladesh ruler barred from leaving country
		The former military ruler of Bangladesh, Hussain Mohammed Ershad, was barred from leaving the country even as the army's deployment of troops to improve the law and order situation entered its fifth day on Tuesday.
		Ershad, who ruled Bangladesh for nine years, was stopped from going to Singapore on Monday night, his deputy press secretary, Zahid Hossain, said, adding the former president was to go there in connection with his son's treatment.
		Saber Choudhary, the political adviser to Awami League leader and former prime minister Hasina Wajed, was detained at the airport as he was leaving for London, while his party colleague and former health minister Sheikh Fazlul Karim Selim was arrested from his residence.
	inhome.rediff.com /news/2002/oct/22bang.htm (214 words)

	Khaleej Times Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ershad said he believed his wife was a bigamist because she had named her former husband as her spouse in a 2002 passport application.
		Ershad’s secretary Khaled Akhter told AFP that Ershad believed his second wife had not divorced her British husband, Peter Wilson.
		On Sunday, Bidisha Ershad, 35, collapsed in court when she appeared to face allegations of theft, criminal damage, and making threats to Ershad’s life.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2005/June/subcontinent_June209.xml§ion=subcontinent (348 words)

	Indiainfo - News - South Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dhaka: As former Bangladesh military dictator Hussain Mohammed Ershad prepared for a stint in prison, his Jatiya Party (JP) called a strike in the former general's pocket borough to protest the High Court verdict sentencing him to a five-year jail term.
		Rawalpindi: Former Pakistan interior minister Shujaat Hussain on Thursday said that former prime minister Nawaz Sharif was no longer president of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) under the amended Political Parties Act, 1962.
		(retd) Hussein Muhammad Ershad was Thursday sentenced to five years’ simple imprisonment, divested of his Parliament membership and asked to pay a fine of about $1 million on charges of corruption.
	news.indiainfo.com /2000/08/25/asia-index.html (328 words)

	[sacw] SACW #1 (24 Oct. 01)
		One element that recurs in these poems, echoing the pain of the author's private loss, is the story of the death of Hussain, grandson of Mohammed.
		The memorializing of Hussain's death at the Battle of Karbala, after troops under Caliph Yazid laid siege to his family's caravan for ten days, is the central rite of Shi'a Islam.
		Ali focuses on one aspect of Hussain's passion, the grief of his sister Zainab, to widen the dimensions of his own feelings of grief for his mother.
	www.insaf.net /pipermail/sacw_insaf.net/2001/001126.html (5108 words)

	General Ershad’s fond dream (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Frankly speaking, of late, I have tried my best to figure out as to why General Ershad is so keen and serious these days propagating his latest theory of ‘Eight Provinces’, but have miserably failed to come up with a satisfactory answer so far.
		Ershad are all devoid of reasoning and logic.
		As a matter of fact, there will be more scope for corruption with more people loitering around for ‘loaves and fishes’ in villages and small towns and more government offices springing up to function as the breeding ground of unabated corruption in absence of a close and watchful eyes of the metropolis.
	www.dhakacourier.net /VOL21/issue04/column/doc5.html (897 words)

	Chapter Three - Events in the Neighborhood
		Both the country’s military rulers, Gen Zia-ur-Rahman and Hussein Mohammed Ershad, were not only instrumental in rehabilitating the pro-Pakistani fundamentalist parties and personalities in politics but were responsible for eliminating the heroes of the freedom struggle from positions of responsibility and power.
		Ershad replaced them with people who had served the Pakistan army in 1971 and had subsequently sought repatriation to the new-formed Bangladesh army, exercising the clause to opt-out, which was available to Bengali armed forces personnel after the liberation of East Pakistan.
		Ershad was convicted for illegal possession of arms and received a ten-year prison sentence.
	www.acdis.uiuc.edu /Research/OPs/Saikia/contents/chap_three.html (8497 words)

	Bangladesh
		as Ershad's political vehicle for the transition from martial law, was established.
		Ershad resigned as chief of army staff, retired from military service, and was
		Ershad declared a state of emergency in November,
	www.geocities.com /hakik_2000/bangladesh.htm (1874 words)

	BDesh-Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In August 1975 a coup was staged by the military, and Mujib was assassinated.
		The army chief, Ziaur Rahman, seized power in November 1975, and Abu Sadat Mohammed Sayem, a civilian, was named president.
		In March 1982 the army chief Hussain Mohammed Ershad staged a bloodless coup.
	www.ccsi.com /~farah/bdesh/BFacts.html (2447 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		The families of Gen. Ayub Khan and Gen. Yahya Khan, Pakistan's former military strongmen, are now said to be among the country's wealthiest.
		Hussain Mohammed Ershad, Bangladesh's ex-president, is serving a jail term for corruption.
		Such calamities are almost predictable because the absolute powers of martial law tend to corrupt its practitioners absolutely.
	www.pathfinder.com /Asiaweek/96/0209/ed2.html (757 words)

	TIME ARCHIVE: 1923 - Present
		Soldier, politician and poet, Hussain Mohammad Ershad is a man who has taken pride in his sense of balance.
		Since late October, President Hussain Mohammad Ershad has arrested some 2,000 opposition figures, including the women leaders of the two main opposition parties, for calling for his overthrow.
		General Hossain Mohammed Ershad, who seized power in a 1982 coup, promised that the first voting in Bangladesh in seven years would take place in a "free, fair and peaceful atmosphere." It did not...
	www.time.com /time/searchresults?query=Bangladesh&venue=time&search_date_range=all (973 words)

	tribuneindia... World
		Mr Hussein, who traced his hoary lineage to prophet Mohammed, played a key role in defining the region’s history by working ceaselessly to bring the Jewish state of Israel to the negotiating table with its warring Arab neighbours.
		Inheriting in 1952 at the age of 17, a kingdom, desperately trying to overcome internal strife, King Hussein, set it during his years at the helm on to the path of progress and led the turbulent region to the threshold of peace by signing a peace deal with Israel.
		WASHINGTON: Former Bangladeshi President Hussain Mohammad Ershad has said he is ready to mediate between the USA and Iraq to end the gulf crisis.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99feb08/world.htm (3221 words)

	Politics of Bangladesh -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Despite a boycott by the BNP, led by President Zia's widow, (additional info and facts about Begum Khaleda Zia) Begum Khaleda Zia, parliamentary elections were held on schedule in May 1986.
		Supreme Court, the Chief Justices and other judges are appointed by the president
		Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA Wajed]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [KHALEDA Zia]; Jamaat-e-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiyo Party or JP [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/politics_of_bangladesh.htm (2706 words)

	The Subcontinent
		Bangladesh may be scoring a first in recorded human history by swearing in a woman prime minister and inducting another woman as the leader of the opposition.
		Although both of these women had the courage to challenge a military ruler, Gen. Mohammed Ershad, and launch successful political campaigns, a word of caution needs to be added about their respective electoral victories, and what they reveal about the nascent democratic process in Bangladesh.
		In the same vein, it would be a mistake to concentrate on Ershad's transgressions, rather than dealing with the pressing economic questions which necessitated the change in the first place.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0491/9104048.htm (1708 words)

	Background Note: Bangladesh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On January 1, 1986, full political rights, including the right to hold large public rallies, were restored.
		Currently, US-Bangladesh relations are excellent, as demonstrated by the visits to Washington in August 1980 by President Zia, in 1983, 1988, and 1990 by President Ershad, and in May 1992 by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.
		US policies have focused primarily on efforts to promote Bangladesh's economic development and the strength of its democratic institutions.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/sa/bangladesh9201.html (3971 words)

	webbangladesh.com \|\| Election Coverage 2001 \|\| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Jubo League worker Ramiz Ali and BCL activist Mohammed Yasin succumbed to their injuries at Chittagong Medical College Hospital on Saturday.
		A former prime minister under Ershad, Kazi Zafar was convicted and sentenced to jail in absentia in a corruption case.
		He was taken to custody on his return home from Singapore after the caretaker government took over power and was thrown into jail.
	www.webbangladesh.com /election/news/oct-08-01/elec_news.htm (3504 words)

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