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Topic: Hussite Wars

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	Hussite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hussites comprised a Christian movement following the teachings of the reformer Jan Hus (circa 1369–1415), who was influenced by John Wyclif and became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation.
		The entire Hussite nobility joined the league, and if the king had entered it, its resolutions would have received the sanction of the law; but he refused, and approached the Roman Catholic League of lords, which was now formed, the members pledging themselves to cling to the king, the Roman Church, and the Council.
		The views of the moderate Hussites were represented at the university and among the citizens of Prague; therefore they were called the Prague party; they were also called Calixtines or Utraquists, because they emphasized the second article, and the chalice became their emblem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hussite (1609 words)

	Hussite Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars involved the military actions against and amongst the followers of Jan Hus in Bohemia in the period 1420 to circa 1434.
		The Hussite Wars were arguably the first European war in which hand-held gunpowder weapons such as muskets made a decisive contribution.
		The Hussite warriors were basically infantry, and their many defeats of larger armies with heavily armored knights helped effect the infantry revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hussite_Wars (3422 words)

	HUSSITE WARS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was a religious struggle between Hussites and the Roman Catholic Church, a national struggle between Czechs and Germans, and a social struggle between the landed and peasant classes.
		Several crusades against the Hussites were utterly routed by the Czechs, whose military organization and tactics were much superior to those of their opponents.
		A new war began between George and the nobles, and in 1468, Matthias Corvinus of Hungary attacked Bohemia.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/hu/HussiteW.html (407 words)

	Hussite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hussites comprised an early Protestant Christian movement, followers of Jan Hus.
		The radicals among the Hussites sought to translate their theories into reality; they preached the sufcientia legis Christi-- only the divine law (i.e., the Bible) is the rule and canon for man, and that not only in ecclesiastical matters, but also in political and civil matters.
		They rejected therefore, as early as 1416, everything that had no basis in the Bible, such as the adoration of saints and images, fasts, superfluous holidays, the oath, intercession for the dead, auricular confession, indulgences, the sacraments of confirmation and extreme unction, admitted laymen and women to the preacher's office, chose their own priests.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/hu/hussite.html (1370 words)

	Hussite Wars: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A taborite (czech táborita) was a member of religious protestant community of the bohemian city of tábor during the hussite wars in the 15th centur...
		A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire....
		The breton war of succession was a conflict between the houses of blois and montfort for control of the duchy of brittany....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hu/hussite_wars.htm (4359 words)

	Hussite
		They rejected therefore, as early as 1416, everything that has no basis in the Bible, such as the adoration of saints and images, fasts, superfluous holidays, the oath, intercession for the dead, auricular confession, indulgences, the sacraments of confirmation and extreme unction, admitted laymen and women to the preacher's office, chose their own priests.
		Martin V called upon all Christians of the Occident to take up arms against the Hussites, and there followed a twelve-years' war which was carried on by the Hussites at first defensively, but after 1427 they assumed the offensive.
		From that time Hussism began to die out; but it was completely eradicated only after the battle of the White Mountain (November 8, 1620) and the Roman Catholic reaction which fundamentally changed the ecclesiastical conditions of Bohemia and Moravia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hu/Hussite.html (1333 words)

	All Empires - The Hussite Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hussites, named after their leader, continued to be a powerhouse in Bohemia and Moravia even after the chilling death of Hus.
		After the death (1424) of Zizka the division between the radical and the moderate parties of the Hussites the Taborites and the Utraquistswidened.
		In 1425-26 a Hussite army invaded Silesia and Saxony, and in 1429-30 the united Hussite forces penetrated as far as Franconia.
	www.allempires.com /articles/hussite/hussite1.htm (950 words)

	PRAGUE - LoveToKnow Article on PRAGUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Two of the greatest battles of the Hussite wars, that of the ~i~kov and that of the Vy~ehrad (both 1420), were fought on the outskirts of Prague, and after the last-named battle the ancient Vy~ehrad castle was entirely destroyed.
		On the 23rd of May i6I8 the Protestant nobles of Bohemia threw from the windows of the council chamber of the Hradany palace two of the Imperial councillors who were accused of having influenced in a manner unfavourable to the Bohemians the emperor Matthias, who was also king of Bohemia.
		In the interior of the church the tomb of the astronomer Tycho Brahe is notable, as is the very ancient pulpit from which the Hussite archbishop John of Rokycan preached.
	16.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAGUE.htm (2507 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hussite Wars (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Hussite Wars, series of conflicts in the 15th cent., caused by the rise of the Hussites in Bohemia and Moravia.
		On the death (1419) of Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia (see Wenceslaus, emperor), the Hussites in Bohemia and Moravia took up arms to prevent his brother : their archenemy, Emperor Sigismund : from entering into his succession.
		After the death (1424) of Zizka the division between the radical and the moderate parties of the Hussites : the Taborites and the Utraquists : widened.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/HussiteW.html (531 words)

	Hussite - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hussite Wars, series of conflicts within the Catholic church and the Holy Roman Empire, centered in Bohemia between 1419 and 1436.
		Hussites, followers of Jan Hus (John Huss) in Bohemia during the early 15th century, whose demands prefigured many elements of the Protestant...
		Procopius the Great (circa 1380-1434), Bohemian priest and military leader, who led the Hussites in the Hussite Wars.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Hussite.html (91 words)

	Hussites - MSN Encarta
		Hussites, followers of Jan Hus (John Huss) in Bohemia during the early 15th century, whose demands prefigured many elements of the Protestant Reformation.
		Even before the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, king of the Hungarians, was crowned in 1419 as king of Bohemia, the Hussites in Bohemia had achieved virtual independence.
		The Hussites at first fought only defensive battles under the leadership of John Zizka.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577157/Hussites.html (388 words)

	Hussite Wars articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hussite Wars HUSSITE WARS [Hussite Wars] series of conflicts in the 15th cent., caused by the rise of the Hussites in Bohemia and Moravia.
		It was a religious struggle between Hussites and the Roman Catholic Church, a national struggle between Czechs and Germans, and a social struggle between the landed and
		A priest, he joined the Hussite movement (see Hussites) and distinguished himself as a captain under John Zizka in the Hussite Wars.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printablenew/22622.html (459 words)

	Hussites
		In 1419 the death of King Wenceslas of Bohemia and the inheritance of the Kingdom by the staunch Catholic Emperor Sigismund of the Holy Roman Empire ignited a civil war.
		This war had its origins in the teachings and theological writings of Jan Huss and what was perceived as the increasing influx of Germans into the Country.
		The Hussite cause finally died on the battlefield of Lipany were Hussite fought Hussite, with the Utraquist victorious over the Taborites.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Hussites.htm (1746 words)

	The Hussite wars
		Hence the council conducted its long and arduous negotiations with the majority party among the Hussites, the Calixtines or Utraquists, who were prepared to accept the grant of communion in both kinds as a basis of settlement.
		In Germany, the Hussite threat had clearly revealed the inadequacies of the existing financial and military systems, but the incentive to press Sigismund's reforms to a successful conclusion faded when the Hussite peril was scotched by negotiation.
		The abolition of private wars and feuds by such a peace was undeniably a paramount necessity.
	www.wga.hu /tours/gothic/history/hussite.html (748 words)

	Hussite Battles and significant events
		A Hussite raiding party near the town of Meissen is defeated by the town militia and local Catholic Knights.
		The Hussites dug in their wagons to form a fortified square with the rearward side being protected by the walls of the town.
		The Hussite vanguard, under Jan Zmrzlik, was able to drive off the cavalry allowing the rest of the Hussite force to cross.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Hussite_Battles_and_Significant_events.htm (3626 words)

	ipedia.com: Hussite Wars Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hussite Wars were arguably the first European war in which...
		This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines (from the Latin calix (the chalice), in Czech: kalich); while the more extreme Hussites soon became known as the Taborites, from the city of Tabor that became their centre.
		Korybutovic, however, remained but a short time in Bohemia; after his departure civil war broke out, the Taborites opposing in arms the more moderate Utraquists, who at this period are also called by the chroniclers the "Praguers", as Prague was their principal stronghold.
	www.ipedia.com /hussite_wars.html (2412 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hussites
		Only about 1420, with the beginning of the Hussite Wars does the new name occur, first in the neighbouring lands; then it gradually imposes itself as connoting both the original followers of Hus and the subsequent smaller sects into which they divided.
		For example, on 25 January, 1417, when some fanatical country parsons had destroyed the images and profaned the relics of their churches, the university, in virtue of the teaching authority it claimed, sent to all the faithful an exhortation to abstain from innovations and to hold fast to old customs.
		This victory kept the Hussites' foreign foes in wholesome fear for many years; new crusades were indeed preached year after year, but not carried out.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07585a.htm (4949 words)

	Hussite wars in the Czech lands - John Huss (Jan Hus), George of Podebrady (Jiri z Podebrad)
		Hussite wars in the Czech lands - John Huss (Jan Hus), George of Podebrady (Jiri z Podebrad)
		The religious Hussite wars were then sweeping the country from 1420 to 1434 when the last battle, the Battle of Lipany, took place.
		Many historical artifacts and literature were destroyed during the wars and the Prague Castle deteriorated.
	www.myczechrepublic.com /czech-history/hussite-wars.html (413 words)

	John Huss and the Hussite Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The prompt and patriotic Hussite leader saw his advantage, and made haste to rally the whole of Bohemia, before the emperor should have got the Moslem off his hands, and before the armed bands of Germany, now mustering in obedience to the Papal summons, should have had time to bear down upon his little country.
		Ziska won battle after battle, and apart from the character of the cause of which he was the champion, he may be said to have deserved the success that attended him, by the feats of valor which he performed in the field, and the consummate ability which he displayed as a general.
		The spirit with which the Hussites contended, combining that of confessors with soldiers, was wholly new in the armies of that age.
	www.bereanbeacon.org /history/history/john_huss_and_hussite_wars.htm (11397 words)

	ipedia.com: Peasants' War Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Peasants' War of 1524 - 26 in Germany consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a mass of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and nobles.
		The Peasants' War (in German, der Deutsche Bauernkrieg) of 1524-26 in Germany consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a mass of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and nobles.
		The war was in part an expression of the religious upheaval known as the Reformation, during which critics of the privileges and alleged corruption of the Roman Catholic Church challenged the prevailing religious and political order.
	www.ipedia.com /peasants__war.html (693 words)

	Housley, Religious Warfare in Europe, 1400-1536
		The religious wars of this period differed from the early Crusades meant to conquer the Holy Lands, although many elements overlapped.
		The religious wars, however, built upon the crusading mentality that first developed in relation to the Holy Land and merged it with the needs of the day.
		Before the war the Hussites formed a nascent political community and started to view themselves in nationalist terms.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/housley.htm (817 words)

	John Zizka
		When the Hussite Wars broke out in 1420, Zizka was about 60 years old and blind in one eye.
		In the same year the tension between the Taborites and the moderate Utraquists, whose stronghold was at Prague, flared into open conflict, and late in 1424, Zizka led his army against Prague in order to compel that city to adhere to his uncompromising anti-Catholic policy.
		Hussite Wars - Hussite Wars, series of conflicts in the 15th cent., caused by the rise of the Hussites in Bohemia...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0853465.html (477 words)

	Hussite Wars - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1414 Huss was summoned to appear at the Council of Constance, which had been convened to resolve the schism in the Church and to suppress heresy....
		The name Bohemia is derived from the Boii, a Celtic people who inhabited the area around the 5th century bc.
		Even before the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, king of the Hungarians, was crowned in 1419 as king of Bohemia, the Hussites in Bohemia had achieved...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Hussite_Wars.html (164 words)

	Hussite Wars
		Hussite Wars, series of conflicts in the 15th cent., caused by the rise of the
		A new war began between George and the nobles, and in 1468,
		Hussites: The Utraquists and the Taborites - The Utraquists and the Taborites In 1419 the Hussite Wars began, and in their course the Hussite...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0824635.html (490 words)

	Military History Online - Nomonhan: The Second Russo-Japanese War
		In the event of a second Russo-Japanese War the IJA high command had envisioned an offensive strategy, with a push west across the Khingan Mountains into that portion of Siberia north of the Mongolian border.
		It is very hard to sort out losses in the air war, as both sides minimized their losses and exaggerated their victories.
		A major hero of the war on the Japanese side was Lt. Sadakaji, who attacked a Soviet tank with his sword.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /20thcentury/articles/nomonhan.aspx (3674 words)

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