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Topic: Huygens Software

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Christiaan Huygens

Dutch language

1659

1629

Royal Society

English language

	CalendarHome.com - Christiaan Huygens - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christiaan Huygens (pronounced in English (IPA): [ˈhaɪ.gənz]; in Dutch: [ˈhœy.ɣəns]) (April 14, 1629 – July 8, 1695), was a Dutch mathematician, astronomer and physicist; born in The Hague as the son of Constantijn Huygens.
		Huygens formulated as first what is now known as the second law of motion of Isaac Newton in a quadratic form.
		Huygens also developed a balance spring clock more or less contemporaneously with, though separately from, Robert Hooke, and controversy over whose invention was the earlier persisted for centuries.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Christian_Huygens (884 words)

	Christiaan Huygens Summary
		Huygens was born in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1629.
		Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) was born in the Hague, Netherlands.
		Christiaan Huygens (pronounced in English (IPA): [ˈhaɪg ənz]; in Dutch: [ˈhœy γəns]) (April 14, 1629–July 8, 1695), was a Dutch mathematician and physicist; born in The Hague as the son of Constantijn Huygens.
	www.bookrags.com /Christiaan_Huygens (9033 words)

	The Huygens Mission to Saturn's Moon, Titan
		The 320 kilograms (705 pounds) Huygens lander was built by the European Space Agency, and designed to enter and brake in Titan's atmosphere and parachute a fully instrumented robotic laboratory down to the surface.
		The Huygens probe was designed to photograph and perform much of its scientific analysis during this 2.5 hour descent.
		On January 14, 2005, the Huygens probe successfully descended to the surface of Titan.
	www.superkids.com /aweb/pages/features/saturn/huygens/huygens.shtml (470 words)

	Arts-Letters.com \| SpaceAge - The Cassini-Huygens Mission - Robotic Lander
		The goals of the Huygens Probe are to make detailed in-situ measurements of the structure, composition and dynamics of the atmosphere of Titan and to characterize the surface of the satellite near the probe's landing site..
		Huygens is designed to make in-situ measurements for a direct characterization of the surface at the landing site.
		The outer envelope of the probe payload and equipment compartment consists of two conical cylinders which are connected at their outer diameter, closed at the lower end by a thin inner nose cap and at the upper end by the antenna platform.
	www.arts-letters.com /SPACEAGE/ch_huygens.html (1127 words)

	Huygens cassini news
		Huygens is planned to complete its descent in about two hours and 15 minutes, beaming back its science data to the Cassini orbiter for replay to Earth later in the afternoon.
		If Huygens, which is designed as an atmospheric probe rather than a lander, survives touchdown on the surface, a solid surface, it could, in theory, deliver up to 2 hours of bonus data before the link with Cassini is lost.
		The drogue parachute is 3 metres in diameter.
	www.geocities.com /amigarana/huygens.html (5326 words)

	SPACE.com -- Huygens Loses Communication Line With Cassini Spacecraft
		Huygens drifted over a plateau (centre of image) and was heading towards its landing site in a dark area (right) during descent.
		The communications failure occurred on Cassini, not Huygens, and was caused by an error "as simple as throwing a switch to, 'On.' We did not set the Cassini software to 'On' and it's our fault," said Jacques Louet, head of science projects at ESA.
		The communications glitch will mean that doppler wind data from Huygens will need to be pieced together from the many ground telescopes that were trained on Huygens during its two and one-half-hour descent to Titan's surface on Jan. 14.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/huygens_update_050115.html (863 words)

	Huygens Asia Sdn. Bhd. - Total Surveillance Security Solutions
		Huygens IP Remote Surveillance is a stand alone system, once configured it can operate alone without needing anymore attention.
		However, because Huygens Remote Surveillance is fully compatible with most of the CCTV system in the market, you can connect as many cameras as the CCTV system has, so long the camera Processor/Multiplexer is controllable via digital signal.
		Huygens Asia is currently in negotiations with our ADP (Application Development Partner) to resell their product.
	www.huygensasia.com /faq (1506 words)

	Huygens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer, son of Constantijn Huygens
		Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687), Dutch poet and composer, father of Christiaan Huygens
		Huygens probe is the portion of the Cassini-Huygens mission which landed on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, 2005
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Huygens (122 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Engineering
		The Huygens software consists of that running in the Probe CDMS, referred to as Probe Onboard Software (POSW), and that within the PSA on the Orbiter, referred to as the Support Avionics Software (SASW).
		Huygens cannot be commanded after separation, and telemetry is transmitted to the Orbiter via the PDRS RF link.
		The specific software actions or inhibitions required for ground or flight checkout must therefore be invoked by special procedures, activated by the delivery of specific telecommands to the software.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33006&fbodylongid=1099 (397 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft
		Huygens is an atmospheric probe designed to make in situ observations of the Saturnian satellite Titan.
		Power for the Huygens probe after separation is provided with five LiSO2 batteries capable of storing 1600 W-h of energy and can supply about 250 W of power for the planned three hours of probe operation.
		Probe events are controlled via both software and hard-wired sequences, including a triply-redundant wake-up timer and a g-switch to detect deceleration of the probe by Titan's atmosphere.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1997-061C (832 words)

	ESA - Cassini-Huygens - Huygens 3D animation of Titan's surface
		Huygens probe scientists have produced this colour-coded animation which displays the heights of the highland terrain cut by dendritic channels near the Huygens landing site.
		Although Huygens landed on Titan's surface on 14 January 2005, the data collected during its descent is still being processed, and more new views of this fascinating world are becoming available.
		The members of the Huygens DISR instrument team are based throughout the USA and Europe, with the largest contributing groups from the University of Arizona, USA, the Max Planck Institute, Germany, and the Paris Observatory, Meudon, France.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Cassini-Huygens/SEMO8G808BE_0.html (219 words)

	UMSI: Huygens Batch
		Huygens deconvolution restoration software is available for usage on bvis in batch.
		Huygens software is written to take advantage of parallel computers and is quite efficient when eight or fewer processors are used for a single job.
		A typical speedup using two processors instead of one for Huygens would be approximately 1.95, 3.5 for four processors and 6.25 for eight processors.
	www.msi.umn.edu /tutorial/scivis/huygens (541 words)

	Huygens Camera Tricks
		Half the images were lost owing to a software problem, but the plan was ingenious and some areas and features were seen several times during the descent, first through the HRI, then the MRI and finally through the SLI, all viewing from different angles as Huygens descended.
		The Huygens pictures were expected to be adequate to identify land from sea (evidently they aren't!) and to show us grosser surface geology.
		Bad as some of the image compression artifacts are, the Huygens images, descending and landed, portray well the scenes they are viewing, and the detail over much of each image is more or less down to the pixel level.
	www.saers.com /~craig/titan/HuygensImageInterpretation.html (2042 words)

	LogicaCMG UK : Industries : Space : Space science & planetary exploration : Planetary exploration : Cassini-Huygens
		LogicaCMG’s software on board the probe was responsible for deploying the parachutes, separating the front and back shield with precise timings to achieve the required descent profile, before commencing the science experiments and managing communications back to Cassini.
		The software must exhibit the highest possible reliability in the face of the single shot character of the mission in a hostile environment and without the possibility of failure recovery from the ground.
		Both software and hardware simulations of the flight hardware were used during development, and the software was tested extensively to meet the demanding reliability requirements.
	www.logicacmg.com /page/350233286 (486 words)

	Huygens Probe Mission Flight Operations
		Should Huygens survive the impact with the solid or liquid surface, it continues to transmit data until the batteries are exhausted and these data are recorded by the Orbiter until 30 min after the latest predicted touchdown.
		Probe Onboard Software (POSW): its main purpose is to execute the Huygens mission according to a pre-defined timeline, to collect and format telemetry and, before Probe separation, to respond to telecommands.
		A software development facility is used for the maintenance of the Probe software and its validation at subsystem level.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /bulletin/bullet92/b92solla.htm (3083 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: No. 4 - SPC Report February 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The probe system and instrument on-board software patches implementing the pre-heating options were successfully up-loaded on the flight probe on 7 December 2003.
		A few days later, two in-flight checkout sequences were successfully executed that validated the on-board implementation of the software patches and their compatibility with either the pre-heating or the no pre-heating option.
		The Huygens Delta-FAR is an Agency-level review with the objective of examining the changes to the mission implemented since the FAR that was conducted 6 months before launch in 1997.
	sci.esa.int /jump.cfm?oid=34617 (322 words)

	Huygens Software - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Huygens software refers to different multiplatform microscope image processing packages from Scientific Volume Imaging, made for restoring 2D and 3D microscopy images or time series and analyzing and visualizing them.
		The restoration is based in different deconvolution algorithms, that permit the recovery of objects from images that are degraded by blurring and noise.
		Huygens software is named after the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Huygens_Software (144 words)

	[No title]
		Conclusions and Recommendations After extensive investigation and interviews with the key players from the Huygens ESA and Industry teams, the Board concluded that the root cause of the communications anomaly was an error of omission throughout the project that was not detected until three years after launch.
		On Huygens, if either the Probe clocks had commandable frequency offsets or if the inbuilt software in the receiver were accessible by ground command, then the problem could easily be corrected.
		Improved assumptions about Huygens probe antenna patterns The Probe is rotating at 15 rpm at the beginning of communications and decreases to 1 rpm for the final decent phase.
	sci2.esa.int /huygens/docs/huygens_enquiry_board.doc (4489 words)

	Astronomy & Space News: Saturn & Cassini-Huygens (Night Sky Observer)
		As the Huygens spacecraft floated by parachute toward Saturn's mystery moon Titan last month, scientists feared that the results of one crucial experiment were lost forever in a communications breakdown.
		A week after Huygens' descent, the emerging picture of the surface of that smoggy world is of an arid, icy desert, where periodic storms of methane rain create transient rivers that wash sooty soil from icy highlands out to short-lived pools and lakes.
		Huygens is a miniature laboratory that will analyze the chemistry of Titan and reveal its secrets, helping scientists to think afresh about the origins of life on Earth.
	www.nightskyobserver.com /saturn-news.php (6819 words)

	Company learns from near-impossible missions
		However, the software onboard Huygens could be updated remotely during the journey to Saturn.
		When projects like Huygens complete, their expertise is added to Cortex to make it even more effective.
		Software developed by the company also handles two thirds of the world's SMS text messages.
	www.pparc.ac.uk /In/Artcl/cslogicaCMG.asp?Pf=1 (587 words)

	SkyTonight.com - News from SkyTonight - Hooray for Huygens!
		As Huygens descended through the atmosphere of Titan, the probe recorded this system of stubby, interconnected channels leading to an apparent shoreline.
		Huygens used NASA's Cassini spacecraft for its primary communication link to Earth, beaming signals on two independent channels.
		Prior to the mission, ESA officials repeatedly emphasized that Huygens was designed to be an atmospheric probe, not a lander, so that any data received from the surface was icing on the cake.
	skytonight.com /news/3309961.html?page=1&c=y (584 words)

	英国大使館：Saturn Mission to Benefit Earth: UK technology will help revolutionise satellite navigation
		The software on Huygens will make sure the ESA probe is travelling at the right speed as it descends through Titan's thick atmosphere.
		The success of the Huygens mission and its experiments relies on precision timing so the navigation software must be extremely reliable.
		Huygens software methodology and skills have also been used on ESA's EGNOS programme, the forerunner for Galileo.
	www.uknow.or.jp /be_e/embassy_news/p_E000249.htm (881 words)

	The Huygens "Microphone" - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Every bit of data that Huygens produced was transmitted live to Cassini, because Huygens was only expected to live about two and a half hours once it hit the top of Titan's atmosphere.
		That means that all of Huygens' instruments were competing for bandwidth, and all of the instrument data had to be very efficiently compressed in order to maximize the science return from the mission.
		Making the Huygens sounds is a bit of a technical challenge, because of the low time resolution of the data that HASI-PWA returned, one sonogram for each two seconds.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/cassini_huygens/huygens_microphone.html (1417 words)

	BNSC - Saturn Mission to Benefit Earth - UK Technology will help revolutionise Satellite Navigation
		As Huygens makes its way to Titanâs surface, software developed in the UK will make sure the European probe is travelling at the right speed to collect information about the moonâs atmosphere.
		Huygens only has one chance to carry out its experiments so the software must be extremely reliable.
		As Huygens travelled across the Solar System onboard Cassini, billions of miles away on Earth the Mission Control System, developed and maintained by UK firm SciSys, monitored the probeâs health and controlled it during its long journey.
	www.bnsc.gov.uk /content.aspx?nid=5759 (1786 words)

	ELRO — Interactive 3D < CNN Huygens Probe < Portfolio
		Huygens probe of the European Space Agency boldly goes where human technology has never gone before.
		Cycore is a graphics software company, focused on the Internet, headquartered in Uppsala, Sweden.
		Cycore is the leader in interactive 3D graphics software for e–business.
	www.elro.com /portfolio/cnn-huygens/3d (205 words)

	[No title]
		Onboard the dual-mission craft, consisting of the JPL-built Cassini orbiter and an ESA-built Huygens probe destined for the surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan, is embedded systems software coded by American and European engineers using DDC-I software developments tools.
		Umbilical cut, Huygens spun gently away from Cassini on a ballistic trajectory toward Titan.
		Huygens touched down in liquid methane mud -- and quickly took more samples.
	ddci.com /display_news_item.php?filename=programs_Cassini-Huygens.php (809 words)

	NASA Robotics - Cassini : Screen Saver Download (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This software may be downloaded and used on a single computer for personal purposes.
		The software may not be copied except for backup purposes and may not be distributed to third parties.
		If further release or distribution of this software or technical data derived from this software is permitted, Recipient agrees to obtain this identical disclaimer of warranty agreement and waiver of claims, indemnification and hold harmless agreement with any entities that receive the software or technical data derived from the software.
	robotics.nasa.gov /cassini/download.php (205 words)

	The Sky Is Not The Limit For LogicaCMG
		The aim of the mission was for the Huygens probe to conduct scientific experiments on the atmosphere of Titan, which is thought to be similar to that of Earth several billion years ago, and thus give new insights into theories on the formation of the Earth and how life there may have developed.
		The software executed a number of algorithms to measure the atmospheric deceleration and calculate when to release the parachutes and other equipment to high precision – less than a second for the main parachute.
		Thorough and regular testing of the software was crucial to the success of the mission, both before and during its seven year flight to Saturn.
	www.itbinnovation.com /pr/574 (386 words)

	Logica develops software for mission to Titan moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On-board the orbiter, the support software must control the receiver to match frequency and data rate on the radio-link as the spacecraft's relative position and velocity change during the mission.
		All the software must function in an environment which is highly constrained in both memory space and processor power.
		The software was developed in Ada on a VAX minicomputer, using software simulation of the flight hardware.
	www.hoise.com /articles/SW-PR-10-97-33.html (317 words)

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