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	Hyam Maccoby Information
		Hyam Maccoby (1924-2004) was a British scholar, dramatist, and Orthodox Jew specializing in the study of the Jewish and Christian religious tradition.
		Maccoby considered the portrayal of Jesus given in the canonical Gospels and the history of the early Church from the Book of Acts to be heavily distorted and full of later mythical traditions, but claimed that a fairly accurate historical account of the life of Jesus could be reconstructed from them nevertheless.
		Maccoby claimed that Paul was a Hellenized Jewish convert or perhaps even a Gentile, coming from a background exposed to the influence of Gnosticism and the pagan mystery religions such as the Attis cult, which were the dominant religious forms in the Hellenistic world of that age.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Hyam_Maccoby (1018 words)

	Hyam Maccoby - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hyam Maccoby (1924-2004) was a British scholar, dramatist, and Orthodox Jew specializing in the study of the Jewish and Christian religious tradition.
		Maccoby considered the portrayal of Jesus given in the canonical Gospels and the history of the early Church from the Book of Acts to be heavily distorted and full of later mythical traditions, but claimed that a fairly accurate historical account of the life of Jesus could be reconstructed from them nevertheless.
		Maccoby claimed that Paul was a Hellenized Jewish convert or perhaps even a Gentile, coming from a background exposed to the influence of Gnosticism and the pagan mystery religions such as the Attis cult, which were the dominant religious forms in the Hellenistic world of that age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyam_Maccoby (1044 words)

	Review of Paul and Hellenism by Hyam Maccoby, SCM 1991
		Maccoby is particularly interesting on Colossians (p.45), where he argues against the traditional view that Paul's opponents are angel-worshipping Gnostics (as traditionally thought) but Jews who effectively worship angels because of their veneration of the Torah.
		Maccoby argues that fundamental to the mystery religions is the God who dies and comes back again, to mystically redeem the morally hopeless condition of mankind.
		Maccoby argues that the idea of a vicarious sacrifice is unknown in Judaism, but common in mystery religions, hence it is highly likely this is where Paul got the idea from.
	www.btinternet.com /~fountain/theology/paul.html (2193 words)

	Hyam Maccoby, Ritual and Morality: the Ritual Purity System and Its Place in Judaism.(Book Review) - HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Maccoby's own view of ritual impurity is that it expresses the birth-death cycle that comprises mortality.
		Maccoby contends that, where the sin-offering is concerned, the atonement relates more easily to the sin of the offerer, rather than the defilement of the altar.
		Similarly Maccoby sees the presence of shepherds at the birth of Jesus after the manner of shepherds at the birth of Mithras.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-94330271.html (573 words)

	Samuel Rosenthal Center For Judaic Studies
		Maccoby therefore calls his study of rabbinic rationality “the philosophy of the Talmud”: it is philosophy, the way Greek thinking is philosophy, except that its logic and conditions of truth and falsity may differ from those of Greek philosophy.
		Maccoby reads the rabbinic literature as a repository of such patterns, several of which he illustrates through the central chapters of this book.
		Maccoby concludes his book with brief sketches of the work of Max Kadushin and Emmanuel Levinas: presented as two twentieth century rabbinic philosophers whose work shows how, in detail, to engage current philosophic debates from out of such patterns of instruction.
	www.case.edu /artsci/rosenthal/reviews/philosophy_talmud.htm (642 words)

	Review of Paul and Hellenism by Hyam Maccoby, SCM 1991
		Maccoby is particularly interesting on Colossians (p.45), where he argues against the traditional view that Paul's opponents are angel-worshipping Gnostics (as traditionally thought) but Jews who effectively worship angels because of their veneration of the Torah.
		Maccoby argues that fundamental to the mystery religions is the God who dies and comes back again, to mystically redeem the morally hopeless condition of mankind.
		Maccoby argues that the idea of a vicarious sacrifice is unknown in Judaism, but common in mystery religions, hence it is highly likely this is where Paul got the idea from.
	www.fountain.btinternet.co.uk /theology/paul.html (2193 words)

	Hyam Maccoby. A Critique
		Maccoby deals with Davies and Sanders by the simple expedient of mostly ignoring them or broadly dismissing them (their work is cited only seven times in 230 pages, and never in relation to evidence); Klausner he puts off by simply calling his arguments names ("unconvincing" - [61]).
		Maccoby accuses the Apostle Paul of creating "a new religion" in which the Jews "were the villains, instead of the heroes, of sacred history" [50] - and in service of allegedly destroying anti-semitism, he wishes to prove that Paul was the real villain.
		For Maccoby, though, the Pharisees are all cut from the same cardboard; it is assumed that what is true for one Pharisee is true for all, and hence he is able to place Jesus in their ranks.
	www.tektonics.org /lp/maccobyh01.html (2081 words)

	Samuel Rosenthal Center For Judaic Studies
		Maccoby therefore calls his study of rabbinic rationality “the philosophy of the Talmud”: it is philosophy, the way Greek thinking is philosophy, except that its logic and conditions of truth and falsity may differ from those of Greek philosophy.
		Maccoby reads the rabbinic literature as a repository of such patterns, several of which he illustrates through the central chapters of this book.
		Maccoby concludes his book with brief sketches of the work of Max Kadushin and Emmanuel Levinas: presented as two twentieth century rabbinic philosophers whose work shows how, in detail, to engage current philosophic debates from out of such patterns of instruction.
	www.cwru.edu /artsci/rosenthal/reviews/philosophy_talmud.htm (642 words)

	TheCyberCommunity Publishing -
		Maccoby argues that the concept of the death of Jesus as a sacrifice cannot be reconciled with any variety of Judaism, for it amounts to the reinstatement of human sacrifice, which for Judaism was anathema.
		Maccoby points out that there was no sinfulness in being ritually unclean, this was just a state that everyone was in most of the time, the only sinfulness lay in entering holy areas or eating holy food before washing off the ritual impurity.
		Maccoby states that the withdrawal of Peter from fellowship at table with Paul's Gentile converts was no weak vacillation but a climatic act of withdrawal from Paul himself, and a decisive break between the Pauline movement and the Jerusalem community.
	www.thecybercommunity.net /publish/stories.php?story=02/10/23/7092951 (3013 words)

	Hyram Maccoby, The Myth-Maker
		Maccoby is flying in the face of generations of scholarship which has rejected and repressed Baur and his radical colleagues.
		Maccoby is far from naive on such matters: he is acute in observing the literary artifice and novelistic character that disqualifies much of Acts' narrative as unhistorical.
		Maccoby's paradigm would enable us, perhaps for the first time, to give full weight to passages like Galatians 2:7, where it seems that the mission to the Gentiles, a special "gospel" for the Gentiles, is entrusted to Paul alone.
	www.depts.drew.edu /jhc/maccoby.html (1736 words)

	[No title]
		It suffers from severe shortcomings and therefore serves neither the interests of the disciplines of Judaic studies nor the concerns of the enterprises of Jewish theology or Jewish-Christian dialogue.
		A newcomer to these materials would be puzzled by Maccoby's lengthy discussion of ritual purity laws in connection with that pericope and by his apparent lack of interest in the development of the liturgy or its complexities and composition (pp.
		But Maccoby's superficial explanation of that passage shows instead that he has little control over the social scientific, anthropological or comparative contemporary academic studies that pertain to this subject (pp.
	tzvee.com /maccoby.htm (976 words)

	Hyam Maccoby's theory
		Therefore, even though I cannot consider Hyam's theory that "Paul and James came to apparent agreement that..., but...," since Hyam's theory there was vague and unsupported, I am able to evaluate one (presumably key) part of it, and I find that part to be poorly formulated by him, but true in one narrow sense.
		Hyam is assuming that the point at issue was whether to accept uncircumcised men into this sect of Jews, and that "James' decision was that God-fearers could become members...
		Instead of Hyam's theory, I contend that what is described in Galatians 2:11-21 is James' finally deciding, after 17 years of Paul's men's having been merely provisional, or candidate, members, that these men would now finally, themselves, have to make that commitment as to whether or not they were going to become actual members.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/corpus-paul/20020604/003532.html (1224 words)

	Halban Publishers - Jewish Interest - Judas Iscariot and the Myth of Jewish Evil
		In this masterly book, Hyam Maccoby explores the character and story of Judas Iscariot in order to disentangle the historical from the fictitious, and to assess the power as well as the purpose of the myth of Judas the betrayer.
		But, most importantly, Maccoby discusses the question of why such as myth was needed, what role it has played in Christianity and how it has moulded attitudes to the Jews and subsequently fuelled anti-semitism.
		Hyam Maccoby is well known as a lecturer, reviewer and writer who has aroused passionate debate amongst scholars and laymen.
	www.halbanpublishers.com /judasiscariot.htm (221 words)

	Amazon.ca: Revolution in Judaea: Jesus and the Jewish Resistance: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Maccoby locates Jesus as a more-or-less mainstream Pharisee - a term which, to be properly understood, has to shed the pejorative accretions of the Gospels - who held quirky opinions on a few relatively insignificant doctrinal issues.
		This is what Maccoby wrote: "In a civilization based on the Hebrew scriptures, a civilization whose languages are permeated with Hebrew idioms, the Jews have been treated with extraordinary hate, culminating in the Holocaust of 6,000,000 Jews during the second world war".
		As Maccoby makes clear, intense Roman hostility against Judaism was the environment for the Gospel authors in the period of their writing some generations after Jesus, when the Romans were kicked out of Judea by a revolt led by Bar Kochba.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0800867831 (1618 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Judas Iscariot and the Myth of Jewish Evil, by Hyam Maccoby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Levenson, Jon D. As Hyam Maccoby demonstrates with cogency and lucidity, the growth of the legend of Judas Iscariot--and perhaps its inception as well--is inextricably linked to the anti-Semitic stereotypes that have appeared wherever Christianity has gone.
		...As Maccoby observes, the Left's continuation of the old Christian demonizing of Jews is found not only in Marx but also in the newer anti-Semitism of today that equates Zionism with racism and Western imperialism, and the Jews with capitalism and the exploitation of the third world...
		...Though Hyam Maccoby's depiction of Christianity is tendentious, his discussion of the legend of Judas Iscariot in Christian and postChristian societies is too accurate to permit an optimistic prognosis...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V94I4P58-1.htm (1951 words)

	ipedia.com: Paul of Tarsus Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In his book The Mythmaker, Talmudic scholar Hyam Maccoby theorizes that Paul was raised among mystery religions which featured dying and resurrected saviors, then later converted to Judaism, hoping to become a Pharisee.
		Maccoby explains his revelation was thus actually a resolution of his divided self; he fused the mystery religions, Judaism and the Jerusalem Church into an entirely new belief and centered it on the figure of Jesus.
		Maccoby also contends that Paul invented many of the key concepts of the Christian religion, and that other documents were rewritten to reflect Paul's views.
	www.ipedia.com /paul_of_tarsus.html (2734 words)

	Hyam Maccoby \| Obituaries \| Guardian Unlimited
		Maccoby argued that the Christian veneration of the crucifixion marked its regression to primitive human sacrifice.
		Maccoby was born in Sunderland, the son of a mathematics tutor, who taught him biblical Hebrew and talmudic Aramaic from the age of four.
		Maccoby was educated at Bede grammar school, and read classics, and then English, at Balliol College, Oxford.
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,3604,1273147,00.html (647 words)

	Biblical Theology Bulletin: Hyam Maccoby, Ritual and Morality: the Ritual Purity System and Its Place in Judaism - Book ...
		Maccoby's own view of ritual impurity is that it expresses the birth-death cycle that comprises mortality.
		For Maccoby, however, there is continuity, not radical discontinuity between the rabbinic literature and the Bible.
		Maccoby contends that, where the sin-offering is concerned, the atonement relates more easily to the sin of the offerer, rather than the defilement of the altar.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0LAL/is_3_30/ai_94330271 (418 words)

	Who Founded Christianity - Jesus or St. Paul?
		Paul, according to Maccoby, failed in becoming a Pharisee, and so allied himself to the Sadducees and the High Priest, two groups who enjoyed their privileged status under Roman occupation, and so were in conflict with the Pharisees, who wished to be rid of the Roman oppressors.
		Maccoby believes that it was due to a near nervous breakdown that Paul split from this group and formed a new religion, taking ideas such as baptism, the eucharist, christology, the Holy Spirit, and eschatology and melded them with Jewish sacred history, Gnosticism, and the pagan mystery religions.
		Maccoby continues by asserting that Jesus never regarded himself as a sacrifice for humanity, a belief which Maccoby contends arose after his death, as it was not part of Jewish theology.
	debate.org.uk /topics/theo/jes-paul.htm (3348 words)

	Amazon.ca: Customer Reviews Books: Revolution in Judaea: Jesus and the Jewish Resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Maccoby expounds a theory of the life and work of Jesus using the "historical" approach, i.e.
		Maccoby himself is very defensive of Phariseeism, which he regards as the forebearer of modern Judaism, and he possibly strains too much to present every dispute between Jesus and Pharisees as a falsification.
		Regardless, though Maccoby's account could no more be the last word on Jesus than the Gospels themselves, the account often rings true to me. The book confirms with scholarly rigor impressions I've germinated for years through reading the Gospels and understanding the similar theories of Jeremy Bentham, Thomas Jefferson and others.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/books/0800867831/customer-reviews (1874 words)

	The Mythmaker by Hyam Maccoby
		Hyam Maccoby lives up to his name (the Maccabees of the Bible were hereditary High Priests who rebelled against Roman rule) and refuses to accept the status quo.
		Maccoby's theory is that Paul, before his so-called conversion, was working for the High Priest who would have been trying to stamp out the Jesus movement because it was a threat to Rome.
		Maccoby looks for clues in the Bible, and is willing to throw away the passages that don't match his theory and accept those that do.
	www.theseekerbooks.com /articles/mythmaker.htm (1007 words)

	Disputation Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hyam Maccoby (1924-2004) was Emeritus Fellow of the Leo Baeck College, London and Research Professor at the University of Leeds, U.K. He was an internationally renowned scholar who published many books and articles on Jewish-Christian relations and the origins of antisemitism.
		Hyam Maccoby based THE DISPUTATION on his book, Judaism On Trial, in which he translated Nachmanides' account of the Barcelona Disputation, The Vikuah, (from the Hebrew) and also the account of the Dominicans, (from the Latin), providing detailed notes and commentary on both.
		Hyam Maccoby was married to Cynthia Maccoby and they have three children and two grandchildren.
	www.dcjcc.org /arts/theaterj/disputationFacts.php (1326 words)

	Human Sacrifice in Judaism, Christianity, and Israel
		Despite his apparent atheism, Maccoby remains ever the Zionist propagandist, and seems to retain a belief that Jews are the Chosen, despite the absence of a Chooser.
		One major point of agreement between Maccoby and myself is that Christianity is not a form of Judaism, or its fulfilment, but an entirely new religion, as maintained by Marcion.
		Given Maccoby's statement that Judaism and Islam had similar policies on conversion, I take the view that being a Jew is primarily a matter of religion.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/maccoby.html (18086 words)

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