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Topic: Hydaspes

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	Battle of the Hydaspes River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A painting by Charles Le Brun depicting Alexander and Porus during the Battle of the Hydaspes
		The Battle of the Hydaspes River was a battle fought by Alexander the Great in 326 BC against the Indian king Porus (Pururava or Purushotthama in Sanskrit) on the Hydaspes River (now the Jhelum) in Punjab.
		The King of Hydaspes drew up on the left bank of the Hydaspes River, and was set to repel any crossings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Hydaspes_River (1321 words)

	Jhelum River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The river Jhelum was called Vitastaby the ancient Indians in Vedic period and Hydaspes by the ancient Greeks.
		The river was regarded as a god by the ancient Greeks, as were most mountains and streams; the poet Nonnus in the Dionysiaca (section 26, line 350) makes the Hydaspes a titan-descended god, the son of the sea-god Thaumas and the cloud-goddess Elektra.
		Alexander the Great and his army tried to crossed the Jhelum in 326 BC but was fiercely battled and defeated by the Indian king Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes and was forced to retreat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydaspes (619 words)

	Summary of Heliodorus' Ethiopian Story
		Hydaspes assumes she is merely speaking in riddles, and again orders them to be well taken care of, since they are to be sacrificed in Ethiopia.
		Hydaspes becomes very annoyed at what he considers either insanity or a futile attempt to avoid the sacrifice, but Charicleia declares she is his daughter, and can prove it.
		Hydaspes explains how Persinna was looking at the picture of Andromeda when she had conceived, and, when they bring the picture out of the royal bedroom, it looks a great deal like Charicleia.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /classics/petron/heliodorus.html (6312 words)

	Hydaspes Refought Twice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To say this another way; if we had refought Hydaspes many times, using the same set of rules each time, it is very unlikely that any of the refights would have followed exactly the same course due to the random effects of dice and the player’s actions.
		Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between a Macedonian army under Alexander the Great and an Indian army under Porus.
		The players had not been told that they were to refight Hydaspes, so in an attempt to keep the Indian players guessing (particularly about the size of the enemy army) only the Macedonian light infantry and a thin screen of light cavalry were initially deployed prior to order writing.
	www.pearsonag.freeserve.co.uk /Hydaspes.htm (2403 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Stealing Zeus’s Thunder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When Porus refused to submit to Alexander, Taxiles’s hopes were realized—for he was sure the Greeks would cross the Hydaspes and overcome Porus on their way to the world’s end.
		Worst of all, the Hydaspes River itself roiled from the relentless rains and seemed impossible to cross.
		We can read that, 350 years after the Hydaspes battle, the Indians still maintained a shrine to Alexander’s victory, complete with a living elephant that was said to have fought in Porus’s army.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200503/stealing.zeus.s.thunder.htm (3895 words)

	330. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Alexander defeated Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes (Jhelum) and advanced as far as the Hyphasis (Beas) River.
		Alexander marched to the Indian Ocean via the Hydaspes and Indus.
		In a campaign against the Mallians, Alexander leapt alone from the wall of their city into the midst of the enemy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/207.html (504 words)

	Battle of Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		King Taxiles equipped him with troops in return for aid against his rival, Porus, who ruled the lands between the Hydaspes and the Acesines rivers in India.
		In June 326 BC Alexander fought his last great battle on the left bank of the Hydaspes against Porus, one of the most powerful Indian kings.
		Alexanders army crossed the heavily defended river Hydaspes in dramatic fashion during a violent thunderstorm to meet Poruss forces.
	joseph_berrigan.tripod.com /id36.html (906 words)

	Porus - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This state was situated between the rivers Hydaspes (modern Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab).
		To Porus, the arrival of the westerners was a great threat: after all, it was obvious that Omphis would use his allies in a war against Paurava.
		As it turned out, Porus' son was no match for the Macedonians: during a thunderstorm, they crossed the Hydaspes, and the Indian chariots were unable to move through the rain-soaked mud.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Porus (982 words)

	ComingAnarchy.com » Blog Archive » Information Warfare: The Battle of the Hydaspes River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Hydaspes is a deep and fast moving river—an attacking army forced to cross the river would face a major disadvantage.
		The King, seeing the main body of the army still in front of him, did not believe that it was a significant crossing, and sent only a small cavalry force under his son to oppose it.
		Hydaspes was beautiful from a dramatic and cinematic point of view.
	www.cominganarchy.com /archives/2005/10/04/information-warfare-the-battle-of-the-hydaspes-river (1285 words)

	Alexander the Great - Sources
		These generals were ordered to march as quickly as possible to the place where the palace of Sopeithes was situated,3 and Philip, the viceroy of the country beyond the Indus’ extending to Bactria, was ordered to follow them with his forces after an interval of three days.
		Moreover he poured out libations to his forefather Heracles, to Ammon,’ and the other gods to whom he was in the habit of sacrificing, and then he ordered the signal for starting seawards to be given with the trumpet.
		For these four large rivers,’ which are all navigable, discharge their water into the river Jndus, though each does not retain its distinct name, for the Hydaspes discharges itself into the Acesines, and after the junction the whole stream forms what is called the Acesines.
	websfor.org /alexander/arrian/book6a.asp (4244 words)

	Ships
		The family was sponsored in their emigration by the payment of small contributions by purchasers of land in South Australia for their passage to the Colony.
		The sailing ship "Hydaspes" arrived at Port Adelaide on the 27th November 1851, a voyage of 93 days after leaving Plymouth, England on the 25th August 1851.
		The Hydaspes, a British bark was built at New Brunswick, North America in 1846 of 504 / 595 (om/nm) tons, 126.6 x 29.5 x 19.6 ft, length x beam x depth of hold 19 ft 6 inches.
	hsweeney.e-access.com.au /ships.html (2320 words)

	Greek Mythology: HYDASPIDES Naiad Nymphs of the River Hydaspes in India
		THE HYDASPIDES were Naiad Nymphs of the River Hydaspes in India.
		"And a Naias Nymphe in the river [Hydaspes of India red with the blood of the Indian’s slain by Aiakos] unshod, unveiled, peeped out of the stream and cried - ‘Kinsman of the Naiades [Aiakos was son of the Naias Aigina]!
		One Naias, renouncing her native water now on fire, dived unveiled into the unfamiliar Ganges; another with dry limbs sought a home in noisy Indian Akesines; another Naias Nymphe wandering over the mountains, a maiden unveiled and unshod, was received by Khoaspes near Persia...
	www.theoi.com /Nymphe/NymphaiHydaspides.html (324 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Military History \| Wars of Alexander the Great: Battle of the Hydaspes River
		King Porus, himself wounded, surrendered, and Alexander III, king of Macedon, lord of Greece, Persia, Egypt and all the lesser lands within their conquered empires, added the Battle of the Hydaspes River to his long litany of victories.
		It was May of 326 BC, and Alexander did not realize that this was the golden apex of his life.
		The army had been lashed by the monsoon since it left the Hydaspes.
	www.historynet.com /mh/bl_alexander_the_great (1096 words)

	Hydaspes
		See the “Wargaming Hydaspes” section for more details on which troops are available when.
		The Hydaspes campaign can be wargame-d at several different levels.
		The army sheets attached obviously allow the battle to be re-fought using Vis Bellica: either from the moment the Macedonians appear on the field (i.e.
	www.visbellica.com /Scenarios/Hydaspes/sc_hydaspes.htm (844 words)

	pothos.org - All about Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As Poros was guarding the Hydaspes river (modern Jhelum) with his elephant corps, he prohibited Alexander from making a crossing.
		Plutarch states the Hydaspes confrontation "blunted" the courage of the Macedonians to advance further into India.
		Whatever the truth is, the Hydaspes remains Alexander's final great battle and by far his most difficult.
	www.pothos.org /alexander.asp?ParaID=95 (3710 words)

	Greek Mythology: HYDASPES River God of India, Asia
		The River Hydaspes is the Jelum of modern-day Kashmir in India.
		Grant this favour then, although so long after, to him from whom you are sprung; for you came from the heart of that first born Dionysos [Zeus swallowed Zagreos’ heart before coming to Semele], so celebrated.
		Respect the water of your Lamos who cherished your childhood; remember Maionia your own country, for Hydaspes is brother of your charming Paktolos.
	www.theoi.com /Potamos/PotamosHydaspes.html (2392 words)

	Hydaspes
		Hydaspes, 326 B.C. The Indian King Porus was prepared for Alexander's arrival.
		He had set his forces up on the banks of the river Hydaspes.
		With the forces arrayed against him Alexander decided against a direct frontal assault.
	www.pictorsstudio.com /alexhydas.htm (463 words)

	Alan Fildes, Articles, Alexander the Great, Battle of the Elephants at Hydaspes
		The Indian king had made his intentions plain by massing his considerable force across the river Hydaspes (Jhelum) with the sole aim of preventing Alexander from advancing into his territory.
		As the Macedonians and their 5,000 Indian allies approached the Hydaspes, the weather quickly deteriorated into an incessant downpour which soaked the men and sapped their strength.
		The river's level had also risen dramatically, its fast flowing waters swollen by the summer monsoon and the influx of melting snow from the Himalayas.
	www.alanfildes.com /battleelephants.php (1043 words)

	Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When Alexander reached the River Hydaspes, he saw his enemy across the bank, a half a mile away.
		Alexander ordered tha Porus be brought to him.Alexander wanted to gaze at the stately, seven foot tall figure.
		A schematic of the battle of the Hydaspes.
	oncampus.richmond.edu /academics/classics/students/brownie/hydaspes.htm (350 words)

	Spectator, March 15, 1711
		Several, who pretended to have seen the Opera in Italy, had informed their Friends, that the Lion was to act a part in High Dutch, and roar twice or thrice to a thorough Base, before he fell at the Feet of Hydaspes.
		To clear up a Matter that was so variously reported, I have made it my Business to examine whether this pretended Lion is really the Savage he appears to be, or only a Counterfeit.
		When this paper was written he had appeared also in a new opera on 'Almahide,' and proceeded to those encounters with the lion in the opera of Hydaspes, by a Roman composer, Francesco Mancini, first produced May 23, 1710, which the Spectator has made memorable.
	tabula.rutgers.edu /spectator/text/march1711/no13.html (807 words)

	Alexander the Great - Series Overview
		The armies unite at the Indus and cross by the bridge of boats; Alexander arrives at Taxila.
		May: Battle of the Hydaspes; defeat of Porus.
		November: the fleet starts down the Hydaspes (Jhelum) river heading for the Southern Ocean; death of Roxanne's and Alexander's baby.
	www.mpt.org /programsinterests/mpt/alexander/overview/date_crusade.html (294 words)

	Names of rivers of NW India according to Greek Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Hydaspes, now the Chelum, Behni, or Bedusta, (Sanscrit, Vitastha, Arrow-swift.) 2.
		If you have any complaint to make about the results of your efforts hitherto, or about myself as your commander, there is no more to say.
		Indus and Hydaspes, Acesines and Hydraotes flow now through country which is ours.
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/aryan/alexander.html (1637 words)

	Robur the Conqueror: Chapter XIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		She kept on without undue haste towards the angle where India joins on to China and Turkestan, and on the 29th of June, in the early hours of the morning, there opened to view the incomparable valley of Cashmere.
		Incomparable is this gorge between the major and the minor Himalayas—furrowed by the buttresses in which the mighty range dies out in the basin of the Hydaspes, and watered by the capricious windings of the river which saw the struggle between the armies of Porus and Alexander, when India and Greece contended for Central Asia.
		The Hydaspes is still there, although the two towns founded by the Macedonian in remembrance of his victory have long since disappeared.
	jv.gilead.org.il /wolcott/Roburb/13.html (3039 words)

	India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He burned all of the baggage wagons of Persian booty that hindered his mobility, and he dismissed a large number of his soldiers, reshaping his army with several thousand Persian cavalrymen.
		The greatest of Alexander's battles in India was against Porus, one of the most powerful Indian leaders, at the river Hydaspes in July 326 B.C.E. Alexander's army crossed the heavily defended river in dramatic fashion during a violent thunderstorm to meet Porus' forces.
		Alexander was extremely disappointed, but he accepted their decision and persuaded them to travel south down the rivers Hydaspes and Indus so that they might reach the Ocean on the southern edge of the world.
	wso.williams.edu /~junterek/india.htm (438 words)

	How "Great" Was Alexander? [P.1]
		That Alexander's money and favour proved insufficient and discontent grew are proved by the two mutinies which he faced in 326 at the Hyphasis (Beas) river and in 324 at Opis (on the use of the term 'mutiny' see below).
		In 326 while at Taxila Alexander heard that the Indian prince Porus was defying him, and so marched to do battle at the Hydaspes river.
		Alexander was forced to turn back, and by late September 326 he was once again at the Hydaspes.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/citylife/readings/great2.html (2454 words)

	History of the Phoenician Canaanites
		One of the principalities, situated between the Hydaspes and Ascenines, is ruled by Porus.
		Alexander crosses the Hydaspes, Porus holds the opposite bank with a powerful force and two hundred elephants.
		On the banks of the Hydaspes River he builds a city on the tomb of his horse which he names Bucephalia in his memory.
	www.phoenicia.org /history.html (11615 words)

	All Empires - The Battle of Hydaspes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Crateros maintained his army to be ready to attack upon order.
		Alexander, with his part of army (five hipparhies of cavalry, five battalions of phalanx with added hypaspists and also two battalions of mixed bowman and javeliners) crossed the river Hydaspes in a very hard conditions involving heavy rain and deep water.
		But after that, they placed the Indians in a very difficult situation because Porus now had to decide which option to choose (It is illustrated very well in Fuller's "Generaship of Alexander the Great" peage 189).
	www.allempires.com /articles/hydaspes/hydaspes.htm (816 words)

	Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		One of the most prominent leaders of Indians, the rajah Porus waited Alexander's army to the river Hydaspes.
		Alexander knew that it could be very difficult to cross the river Hydaspes.
		Alexander ordered his soldiers to pretend that they were attacking.
	www.alexanderthegreat.gr /india.html (110 words)

	Historical Overview of Punjab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 321 BC Alexander the great after breaking the might of the Persians entered their final Satrapy of Punjab.
		He invited all the chieftains of this Satrapy to come to him and submit to his authority, which is exactly what the ruler of the northwest most (west of Hydaspes) kingdom of Gandhara with its capital of Taxilai did.
		But the ruler of the Kingdom Beteen (Hydaspes and Akesines) refused to submit to Alexander's authority and the two armies fought the historical battle on the bank of Akesines outside the town of Nikaia (somewhere around modern city of Jehlum).
	allaboutsikhs.com /culture/history_100.htm (3039 words)

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