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	Disseminated Intra-abdominal Hydatid Disease
		Hydatid disease is one of the commonest parasitic infections of the liver.
		The goals of surgery for heaptic hydatid disease is to remove all the parasite, to prevent spillage of parasitic daughter cyst and protoscolices and to preserve as much of liver function.10 Care has to be taken to detect any cyst biliary communication at the time of surgery.
		Obstructive jaundice secondary to intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst.
	www.bhj.org /journal/2004_4602_april/html/disseminated_218.htm (1742 words)

	Hydatids Fact Sheet
		Hydatids is caused by the tapeworm Echinoccoccus granulosus which lives in the gut of dogs.
		Dogs become infected by eating fertile hydatid cysts in raw offal of sheep (liver or lungs).
		At the beginning of the programme, up to 80 percent of adult sheep carried hydatid cysts and approximately 10 percent of dogs were infected with the tapeworm.
	www.lifestyleblock.co.nz /articles/dogs/18_hydatids_factsheet.htm (725 words)

	Hydatids - you, too, can be affected (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hydatid disease also causes losses in livestock with the downgrading of edible meat by-products because of the presence of the hydatid cysts.
		The control of hydatids involves ensuring that dogs are not infected with the tapeworm, either by preventing the dog from eating tapeworm heads or by cleaning out any tapeworms infecting it, preferably before they have had a chance to mature.
		Hydatid cysts, which can be in the carcase or have contaminated the meat or other material, may be eaten by the dog, causing it to become infected with the tapeworm.
	www.agric.nsw.gov.au /reader/5436 (4045 words)

	Indigenous Communities Environmental Health Resources
		Hydatid disease is endemic (constantly present) in the east and west of Australia.
		Hydatid disease is acquired from not washing hands after handling infected animals, and does not spread from human to human.
		(McCullagh, 1996) and Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease (Thompson and Lymbery, 1995)
	iceh.uws.edu.au /fact_sheets/FS_hydatids.html (1994 words)

	Hydatids eradication a significant achievement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		MAF's recent declaration of New ZeaLand's 'provisional freedom' from hydatids is a tribute to the hard work of many people over nearly 50 years, according to NZVA chief executive, Murray Gibb.
		It is now a thing of the past, thanks to the hydatids control scheme and the dedication of the people who made it work," says Mr Gibb.
		Hydatids is a disease with a complex life cycle, involving dogs and other animals,usually sheep or cattle.
	www.k9magazinefree.com /k9_perspective/iss9p14.shtml (360 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		By the time alveolar hydatids are detected in the liver, the parasitic growth has usually caused stenosis, local dilatation, or displacement of the bile ducts, and given rise to portal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis and/or thrombosis of hepatic veins and arteries.
		When the lungs are involved with alveolar hydatids, conventional chest radiography shows multiple irregular, spherical and lobulated masses, 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter, mainly in the lower lobes and in a peripheral subpleural position (Fig.
		Two features were different from alveolar hydatids in the liver: (1) extirpation of masses in the brain is easier due to better defined margins and (2) protoscolices are found more often in brain than in liver lesions.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter3/imaging63.htm (725 words)

	Hydatids-Key text
		Hydatid disease is a parasite infection of humans and animals.
		Hydatid disease causes significant problems to the health of wildlife and livestock and may have ecological and economic effects.
		Since hydatids is present in the wild population of kangaroos, pigs and other animals, the dogs become infected and may then pass the disease on to their owners.
	www.science.org.au /nova/056/056key.htm (1519 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the interest of completeness and because his classification based on the sonographic morphology of liver hydatids is still used in many countries, we have listed earlier the Gharbi classification of hydatid cysts, which differs from our own pathology-based classification used throughout this chapter.
		The appearance is identical to that of an infected hydatid cyst.
		The internal echos are caused by hydatid sand and degenerating membranes and matrix in the endocyst.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter3/imaging17.htm (594 words)

	Article : HIV and the Changing Role of Radiologist ; Author : Dr. Shrinivas B. Desai ; Co-Author(s) : ; Vol / Issue :13 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hydatid disease is a well-known entity since the era of Hippocrates.
		Hydatid disease is caused by a larva of Echinococcus granulosus and rarely Echinococcus multilocularis.
		Cytology : The cytologic diagnosis of hydatid disease is established by the identification of scolices, hooklets or fragments of laminated membrane.
	www.ijri.org /articles/ARCHIVES/2004-14-1/Breast_Imaging57.htm (1291 words)

	Beehive
		Hydatids is a horrible disease, with terrible effects on animals and people.
		In the later years of hydatids control, the officers were responsible for dosing all the dogs in the country, whether the working farm dog or the urban pet pooch.
		And the country’s farmers have helped win the war against hydatids, with their compliance with regulations to ensure the safe feeding of their dogs and consequently the breaking of the hydatids tapeworm life cycle.
	www.beehive.govt.nz /Print/PrintDocument.aspx?DocumentID=15123 (859 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hydatid cysts within the spleen behave in the same way as hydatids in the liver.
		Single hydatid cysts may grow to a considerable size, almost totally replacing the splenic parenchyma.
		Hydatid pericyst of low signal intensity (white arrows) is noted with surrounding pulmonary parenchymal reaction.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter3/imaging18.htm (265 words)

	examiner.com.au : Hydatids alarm Deadly parasite outbreak on East Coast confirmed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The department has previously stated that the provisionally free status does not mean hydatids is eradicated and that beating the parasite depends on the removal of residual infection, minimising risk from interstate entry and permanent identification of interstate sheep to differentiate at slaughter.
		The hydatid tapeworm grows to maturity only in members of the dog family, but other animals such as pigs, goats, sheep and humans can become hosts to eggs that form cysts in the liver, lungs and occasionally the brain.
		The hydatid cycle continues when organs from infected animals are fed to dogs, which spread new eggs and worms.
	www.examiner.com.au /story.asp?id=346075 (648 words)

	Hydatids Now History, But Care Needed To Keep It Away
		Hydatids is caused by a tapeworm which lives in the gut of dogs.
		Hydatids is widespread in the world and eradication has only been attempted on geographically remote islands including Iceland, the Falklands, Cyprus and Tasmania.
		Derek Belton says the successful eradication is due largely to the enormous effort made by field officers and local authority hydatids control officers who, under the direction of the National Hydatids Council, worked for 45 years to rid New Zealand of the parasite.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/press/180902hydatids.htm (498 words)

	CANews 23 June 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Detection of hydatid cysts in the lungs of lambs being slaughtered at a Victorian abattoir recently is a timely reminder of the risks that some farmers are taking with their health.
		"Hydatid cysts develop in lambs due to ingestion of hydatid tapeworm segments containing eggs that are found in the faeces of infected dogs."
		Secondly, dogs should be wormed with an appropriate wormer that kills the hydatid tapeworm.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /DPI/nrenfa.nsf/LinkView/B775F64285DB3415CA25702900070FEC09BFF7C0F8F826CECA25700E00137540 (876 words)

	Tapeworm - Search View - MSN Encarta
		When eggs are ingested, they hatch in the intestinal tract and release larval forms, which burrow into the tissues of the host and form cysts (see Cyst).
		These encysted forms are known by such names as bladder worms, cycticerci, hydatids, and measles; the host harboring this stage is known as an intermediate host, in contrast to the primary host, in which the tapeworm seeks the alimentary canal and develops there.
		The larvae often exhibit specific selection of tissues in encysting; for example, one species attacks the liver in humans and dogs, whereas another attacks the brain in sheep, causing the disease known as gid or staggers.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566007__1/Tapeworm.html (475 words)

	Business Victoria - Science, Technology & Innovation - A Vaccine for Hydatids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hydatid cysts are caused by a tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, which normally lives in the intestines of dogs and is transmitted to pigs, sheep and other domestic and wild animals as well as humans.
		Hydatid disease is most common in countries such as South America, Africa, China and the Mediterranean region.
		In a world first, researchers at the University of Melbourne and AgResearch New Zealand have developed a genetically engineered vaccine for use in livestock (such as cattle and sheep) that stops infection by killing the parasite’s larvae once it is in the animal’s bloodstream.
	www.business.vic.gov.au /BUSVIC/STANDARD/1001/PC_60983.html (322 words)

	www.tux.co.nz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The hydatids tapeworm has been eradicated in New Zealand.
		To ensure hydatids remains a problem of the past, avoid feeding your dog raw offal.
		Intestinal worms are caught by ingesting worm eggs from the environment, or by eating insects or animals that are carrying worms.
	www.nestle.co.nz /tux/pages/1053491416771350.html (146 words)

	[No title]
		This technical approach to hydatid cysts of the liver is in line with the general trend of past few year, calling for a reduction of the overall trauma of surgery by avoiding, whenever possible, standard open operations.
		More than one half of all liver hydatids are multivesicular, containing innumerable small and medium sized daughter cysts whose scoleces will certainly not be reached at all by scolicidal agents injected into their mother cyst.
		For complicated liver hydatids, always symptomatic because they have ruptured into the biliary system with resulting obstructive jaundice, or because they have become secondarily infected, there is no alternative to open operative intervention under full visual control.
	www.ams.ac.ir /AIM/9811/saidi9811.html (1274 words)

	Untitled Document
		Hydatid cysts are slowly enlarging, mass lesions producing pain and potentially physical obstruction/pressure on surrounding organs.
		Treatment of hydatids in humans may be medical or surgical, depending on the extent and accessability of the lesions.
		Prior to surgical excision, the lesions are often aspirated and injected with a protoscolicidal agent (e.g., 95% alcohol) to reduce the chance for leakage of anaphylactogenic or infectious contents during surgery.
	www.vetmed.wisc.edu /pbs/zoonoses/larvamigrans/echino.html (517 words)

	MEDICAL SERVICES - CONTROL OF HYDATID DISEASE - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		Hydatid disease is now receiving greatly increased attention, both on account of the ill health it causes, and also because of the great economic loss associated with it.
		The disease is due to a parasite which may occur in dogs as an intestinal tape worm, and during the cycle of its development it exists as a cyst in the organs of human beings or sheep and other animals.
		It is estimated that the economic loss to the farming industry through hydatids in sheeps' livers has exceeded £2 million per annum, while in human beings the disease has caused some loss of life and much unnecessary suffering.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/M/MedicalServices/ControlOfHydatidDisease/en (504 words)

	Dog Hydatids - Animals & Pets - Christchurch City Council
		As from 1 July 1996 the Dog Movement Regulations (1985) are revoked, thereafter dog owners will no longer be required to have their dogs treated for hydatids before taking them outside the Christchurch City Council district.
		If owners require their dogs treated for hydatids for any reason, they should consult their local veterinarian.
		This practise has been carried out by farmers in New Zealand for many years, and although not illegal, farmers are aware of the potential risks and treat this meat in varies ways to prevent the spread of hydatids.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /animals/DogHydatids.asp (454 words)

	Hydatids-Print version
		However, the use of the vaccine does not mean that hydatid disease will be eradicated vaccinating livestock will not reduce transmission of hydatid disease through wildlife.
		In Australia, it is unlikely that the intensity of hydatid infection in livestock or humans would warrant the use of a vaccine.
		In the case of the hydatid tapeworm, dogs are the usual definitive hosts and sheep are the usual intermediate hosts.
	www.science.org.au /nova/056/056print.htm (2594 words)

	Our Humble Helpers - Pig's Measles
		To determine whether a pig is thus affected, it is of course out of the question to explore the flesh of the living body.
		The usual shape of these cells is that of a small egg, the greatest dimension of which might be as much as two centimeters, and the smallest five or six millimeters.
		Hydatids live in the flesh of a live pig; they live there by thousands and thousands, in such multitudes that sometimes not a piece of fat the size of a nut could be found free from these little parasites.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles17/humble-helpers-34.shtml (1183 words)

	Echinococcus - Hydatid disease
		Larvae - These Metacestodes (called 'Hydatids') are large, roughly spherical, fluid filled hollow bladders, containing numerous protoscolices (forming the so-called hydatid sand), brood capsules, and daughter cysts which are identical in form to their parent cyst.
		In this case the contents of the hydatid is released into the body's circulatory system, and the liberated protoscolices may give rise to numerous secondary cysts throughout the body.
		In addition the hydatid cyst fluid is highly allergenic and cyst rupture may result in anaphylactic shock and rapid death.
	www.path.cam.ac.uk /~schisto/Tapes/Echino.html (1500 words)

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