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Topic: Hydraulic lime

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	Lime mortar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Non-hydraulic lime is produced by the heating of sufficiently pure limestone (calcium carbonate) to between 954° and 1066°C to produce quicklime (calcium oxide).
		Lime putty, however, is always non-hydraulic and as the name suggest is in the form of a putty.
		Lime mortar is not as strong in compression as OPC mortar, nor does it adhere as strongly to the masonry as OPC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lime_mortar (755 words)

	Cement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The signifcance of the clay content for the hydraulic properties of the hydraulic lime produced from a natural mixture of limestone and clay was discovered by the Englishman John Smeaton (1724-1792) when he was preparing to build the Eddystone lighthouse near Plymouth and was looking for a binder for water-resistant mortar.
		Hydraulic cement was first invented by the Egyptians, and later reinvented by the Greeks and Babylonians, who made their mortar out of lime, much harder than the Roman mortars.
		Eco-cement is a brand name for hydraulic and carbonating cements containing a high proportion of reactive magnesium oxide and another hyraulic cement such as Portland cement that carbonate in a porous substrate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cement (1453 words)

	Masonry Magazine: Lime Mortar
		Lime is derived from heating limestone (or chalk or sea shells) at high temperatures, which drives off the carbon dioxide that is part of its chemical composition and turns the limestone into quicklime, or calcium oxide.
		Finally, lime mortars are cleaner to work with, as a result of being plastic and more workable, and their appearance and color blend harmoniously with a mortar of the same composition.
		This setting property of hydraulic lime derives from the presence of the impurities that, upon slaking, react with the lime in the presence of water, forming solid crystals.
	www.masonrymagazine.com /1-06/limemortar.html (1572 words)

	The Technology and Use of Hydraulic Lime - John Ashurst
		Lime is classified according to its ability to set under water, and a formal classification system was introduced by Louis Vicat (an eminent French civil engineer who researched hydraulic limes and cements in the course of bridge and road building).
		The properties of the hydraulic limes depend on their composition and the burning and slaking specification, and it is essential that when hydraulic lime is to be used to know the facts.
		The famous limes produced from the lias formation, especially in the south of Britain where the stones are more calcareous than the north, gave their name to hydraulic lime in the earlier part of this century, so that 'Blue Lias' became synonymous with 'hydraulic lime'.
	www.buildingconservation.com /articles/lime/hylime.html (2630 words)

	The Traditional Lime Company - Hydraulic Limes : Why NHLs?
		Natural hydraulic limes are returning to their rightful position of being perceived as building materials suitable for restoration, conservation and new build.
		The lack of hydraulic limes promoted the use of hybrid mixes of cement/lime/sand (1:1:6 and 1:2:9) whenever restorers and builders tried to diminish the excessive strength of pure cement mortars, but the presence of cement, even in these diluted forms, still produced undesirable chemical reactions.
		The St. Astier limes comply in full with the French norms, which are even stricter than the EU norms (for example, fee lime after slacking is minimum 15% and up to 45% and expansion is below 2mm).
	www.traditionallime.com /nhl/whynhl.html (935 words)

	St. Astier Natural Hydraulic Lime - About Lime
		Hydraulicity is the property of a binder to harden in contact with water.
		Hydraulicity is produced by burning a limestone containing silica, alumina and iron oxides which above certain temperatures combine, totally or partially, with the Calcium Oxide.
		The relevant tests are conducted on a lime paste and therefore cannot be acceptable as hydraulic limes are used in mortars (lime + aggregates).
	www.limes.us /aboutlime-hydra.html (1793 words)

	Limebase Products, The Lime Specialists - Guide To Lime
		Lime is the correct material for historic and traditional buildings and has many benefits.
		Lime is used for new construction and conservation.
		Lime putty is the basic ingredient used for making the materials required for building and conservation work, such as mortars and plasters.
	www.limebase.co.uk /guidetolime.htm (465 words)

	Building design Telling Lime mortars hydraulic lime mortars grouts screeds plaster unilit lime paints damp proofing
		Applications:- Natural hydraulic lime is suitable for use in both restoration and new build to promote expansion joint free construction due to the mortar allowing the structure to move as individual elements rather than as a mass.
		Lime mortars permit natural movement of the facade to enable facades to be traditionally created without the requirement for movement joints.
		Unilit lime mortars are supplied in variable forms, as a hydrate for blending with local sands, pre-bagged or pre-blended with limestone sand of an appropriate grade.
	www.buildingdesign.co.uk /arch/telling-lime-mortars (1008 words)

	St. Astier Natural Hydraulic Lime Plaster
		Natural hydraulic limes are coming back to take their rightful position as building materials suitable for restoration, conservation and new construction.
		Hydraulicity for St. Astier lime is achieved by the nature of the raw material.
		Hydraulicity of Hydrated lime may be obtained by the addition of cement, pozzolanes, etc. In such a case, the introduction of foreign chemical elements may have immediate or long range inauspicious consequences and the sensitive user should stay away from these hybrid products.
	www.phoenixorganics.com /index.asp?cat=171944 (299 words)

	Limebase Products, The Lime Specialists - Using Hydraulic Lime
		The hydraulic lime should be mixed with sand using a gauging box or bucket for proportioning.
		Areas of sound lime mortar which is flush with the wall face or weathered back 8mm or less from the wall face to be retained.
		Old lime mortar should be raked out square, avoiding damage to arrises, to a minimum depth of 12mm or twice the joint thickness whichever is the greater.
	www.limebase.co.uk /guide_hydraulic.htm (759 words)

	Plaster Man<br>In the Lime Light - Archives - Walls and Ceilings
		Hydraulic lime doesn’t release any pollutants and has what I would describe as negative volatile organic compounds by reabsorbing the carbon dioxide in the air in your home.
		Hydraulic lime is chemically neutral and is widely used in chemically sensitive areas such as wineries, homes, etc.
		Hydraulic lime is also used in the interior of homes and it can be used over most substrates, as long as they have a certain absorption rate.
	www.wconline.com /CDA/Archive/3a2a01b7fb768010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ (1441 words)

	Lime putty,lime mortars,lime plasters and limewash supplied at unbeatable prices by Mike Wye & Associates,Suppliers of ...
		This is a non-hydraulic lime putty slaked from the finest Buxton quicklime and matured for a minimum of three months.
		Natural Hydraulic Limes are mixed with a suitable sand to make hydraulic lime mortars which set in the presence of water - hence the term hydraulic.
		These hydraulic lime mortars are especially suited to stone, tile and brickwork and their high degree of whiteness allows accurate colour matching of mortars and quality architectural finishes to be achieved.
	www.heritagelime.com /mikeprices.htm (541 words)

	Non-Hydraulic Lime or Lime Putty building materials
		During this time the liquid slaked lime thickens to the consistency of toothpaste and is pure white in colour and is called lime putty.
		This is non-hydraulic lime produced by slaking with a precise amount of water, driven off during the reaction to form a dry powder.
		We have found that working with hydraulic lime is particularly useful during the winter months as it reaches an initial set faster than non-hydraulic lime.
	www.jjsharpe.co.uk /material.html (1116 words)

	Hydraulic lime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydraulic lime is a variety of slaked lime used to make mortar.
		It is produced by heating (calcining) limestone that contains clay and other impurities that enable it to set without exposure to air.
		The Technology and Use of Hydraulic Lime, by John Ashurst
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydraulic_lime (113 words)

	Odisea - Civil Engineering - Urban Planning - Natural Building
		Hydraulic lime is the type of lime that is used in portland cement, or hydraulic cement.
		Hydraulic lime, by definition, is a lime that sets within one day and also in wet conditions.
		The garage, which is framed construction with lime plaster, is to the far right at the bottom of the slope.
	www.odiseanet.com /example_lime.htm (655 words)

	Telling Lime Products - Lime Paints and Lime wash
		The natural hydraulic lime products are manufactured using a modern day manufacturing process which replicates the strength, porosity, adhesion and flexibility of historic mortars.
		Corical lime paints are produced using very mature lime putty, fine quartz marble dust and natural earth ochre pigments which are inert, UV resistant and do not leach out or dust.
		For application of hydraulic lime slurry coats or Corical Lime Paint where background surfaces are excessively salt laden, damp or friable, or for application over cementitious substrates, a Unilit 15 P1 primer layer is recommended to ensure the optimum bond to the substrate and to provide a key for subsequent layers of paint.
	www.telling.co.uk /unilitandcoricallimepaints.htm (2405 words)

	Building Limes Forum - Home Page
		Lime has been used as the principal binder for mortars and plasters for the past 10,000 years.
		It was only the introduction of cement in the middle of the 19th century, which led to the decline in the use of lime, culminating in its virtual disappearance by the mid 20th century.
		Hydraulic lime mortars and plasters set faster and harder than pure limes and are more often used for exterior coatings and masonry, especially in exposed or damp situations.
	www.buildinglimesforum.org.uk /whatislime.htm (496 words)

	Bricks & Brass: Lime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		There is an ongoing debate on the use of cement with lime, or lime in a secondary role to cement.
		Lime Plaster is the ideal finish for walls built using lime mortar; because it is flexible it will tolerate movement in the wall.
		Lime wash or distemper can be applied over lime plaster after a few days but any impermeable coating must not be used for several months as lime plaster needs air before it can harden.
	www.bricksandbrass.co.uk /diymats/lime/lime.htm (1004 words)

	LIME MORTAR, LIME PUTTY, MASON FURNISHES TECHNICAL NOTES
		Dolomitic lime may be more readily available for construction but high calcium lime putty is easily attainable for your repointing projects if you request it from www.valimeworks.com.
		Astier Natural Hydraulic Lime costs approximately $26 per 55 lb bag in 2002, of which 2-3 parts of sand are added yielding a goodly amount of mortar, which is relatively cheap.
		Remember that Hydraulic limes are not the same as what is often referred to as "builder's Hydrated lime" used in mortars made to lay brick and concrete blocks, etc. You can not substitute one for the other in repointing and think you will get the same performance results.
	www.restorationtrades.com /articles/art38.shtml (1007 words)

	Hydraulic lime was the principal cementitious material available for concrete, mortar and stucco until the development ...
		Hydraulic lime was the principal cementitious material available for concrete, mortar and stucco until the development of Roman cement in 1797 and Portland cement in 1824 (?).
		The use of lime mortars in masonry construction has a long tradition over millenia and was the dominant binder until the development of Portland cements in the last century.
		The aim of the project is to address the lack of understanding of the microstructure and related engineering properties of conservation materials; in particular the use of natural hydraulic limes with the addition of calcined clays, such as brick dust, as a pozzolana.
	www.brad.ac.uk /staff/dchughes/limefur.htm (1405 words)

	THE CONSERVATION GLOSSARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Lime mortar is produced in a process which basically involves, burning the limestone, then adding water to produce a base material to which various aggregates or additives are introduced depending on the end use of the material which can be anything from painting to building.
		The principal of lime mortar is that by a process of carbonization, the material reverts to calcium carbonate, which is stable, and depending on what has been added, solid.
		Hydraulic/non-hydraulic lime - a hydraulic lime produces a mortar with setting properties assisted by the presence of water; hence, hydraulic limes are sometimes referred to as "water limes".
	www.trp.dundee.ac.uk /research/glossary/lime.html (475 words)

	Telling Architectural Terracotta for architectural terracotta, argeton eisenberg, hydraulic lime, lime, rainscreen ...
		Telling are credited with the reintroduction of hydraulic lime to the UK in the early 1990's and lead the field in quality, range and performance in the use of natural hydraulic lime.
		The advantages of lime conservation projects are now acknowledged, but due to its 50/60 year absence from production for construction use, the knowledge regarding performance of Hydraulic Lime is not fully understood.
		Unilit Hydraulic Limes replicate the production of historic mortar which due to the local aggregates available and the imprecise way that they were burnt would have produced a hydraulic reaction of variable consistency.
	www.telling.co.uk /tlp.htm (736 words)

	Traditional Lime Co, Mortar Manufacturers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Traditional lime putty made by slaking (hydrating) high calcium quicklime to produce a thoroughly well-slaked homogeneous mass of putty under a surplus of water.
		Hydraulic limes contain amounts of clay, iron, ash, etc.which impart setting properties.
		Lime in the eyes - In the event of lime in the eye, clean with copious clean water and seek medical attention as quickly as possible.
	www.trad-lime.co.uk /page01.html (304 words)

	Building Limes Forum - Q&A
		Don't be tempted to use too weak a hydraulic lime, though: granite is mechanically and physically strong, and effectively impervious, but can be degraded chemically by too much free lime, which turns the mica (I think: or is it the feldspar?) slowly into kaolin.
		Hydraulic lime would be safest for the binder, otherwise you need to be very sure of the pozzolanic qualities of any ash, brickdust etc used, as carbonation will only take place in the outer surfaces of the slab.
		Hydraulic lime is used for showers, bath and pools in the middle east (where my grandfather trained me).
	www.buildinglimesforum.org.uk /Q&A.htm (3478 words)

	CONCRETE - Online Information article about CONCRETE
		When lime is used as a matrix, certain natural earths such as pozzuolana or trans, or, failing these, powdered bricks or tiles, may be used instead of sand with great advantage.
		Good Portland cement is so much stronger than any lime that there are few situations where it is not cheaper as well as better to use the former, because, although cement is the more expensive matrix, a smaller proportion of it will suffice for use.
		Lime should never be used in work exposed to sea-water, or to water containing chemicals of any kind.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COM_COR/CONCRETE.html (7038 words)

	The Traditional Lime Company - Hydraulic Limes : Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is a range of Natural Hydraulic Limes which imparts plasticity, elasticity, strength, low shrinkage and early frost resistance to a mortar.
		Natural Hydraulic Lime NHL 3.5: Also suitable for mortars and renders, NHL 3.5 has a whiteness which allows the sand aggregate to be appreciated.
		Natural Hydraulic Lime NHL 2: This quality of lime is particularly suitable for interior and exterior use on weak structures where too strong a mortar is not advisable.
	www.traditionallime.com /nhl/index.html (406 words)

	Daubois Inc. - Hydraulic lime
		Daubois’s source of hydraulic lime is St-Astier in France.
		Hydraulic lime can be used to produce different products such as; bedding or repointing mortars, renders, injection grouts, lime paint, etc.
		The hydraulic lime is available in thee grades according to their hydraulicity; higher hydraulicity means that the lime will develop higher strength.
	www.daubois.com /en/lime.php (211 words)

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