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Topic: Hydrilla

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	Hydrilla verticillata - Hydrilla - A Probem Aquatic Plant in the Western USA
		Hydrilla is not known to occur in Oregon, Idaho, Montana, or British Columbia.
		Hydrilla is a submersed, freshwater perennial herb, generally rooted on the bottom in depths of greater to 20 feet where water clarity is good.
		Within 2 months after an extensive diver-dredging project on the Potomac, hydrilla had reestablished itself at levels equal to nondredged areas either with fragments drifting in from adjacent areas or from new plants regenerated from the tubers that were missed by the divers.
	www.wapms.org /plants/hydrilla.html (2616 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / N.H. / Hydrilla infestation appears to be on the wane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla has been described as the most troublesome of all the invasive aquatic plants on the state's watch list.
		Hydrilla is a particularly effective invader because it can spread through tubers, seeds or portions of leaves.
		Samples were taken in areas where hydrilla was growing prior to the pesticide application last year, but it's still possible that the relatively small samples missed some clusters of tubers.
	www.boston.com /news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2004/04/29/hydrilla_infestation_appears_to_be_on_the_wane (400 words)

	Hydrilla verticillata--"The Perfect Aquatic Weed"
		Hydrilla could easily be called the perfect aquatic plant because of the extensive adaptive attributes it possesses to survive in the aquatic habitat.
		Hydrilla is now found in all Gulf Coast states, Atlantic Coast States as far north as Maryland and Delaware, and in the western states, California, Washington, and Arizona.
		Hydrilla is eaten by waterfowl, and maintaining hydrilla populations is sometimes advocated by waterfowl scientists because it increases the feeding habitat for ducks (Johnson and Montalbano 1984, Esler 1989).
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /hydcirc.html (4777 words)

	Hydrilla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although this submerged invasive plant has a common name associated with its physical similarity to a well-known spice, it is better known by its scientific name, hydrilla, because of its tendency to endanger like the many-headed serpent in Greek mythology, Hydra, which grew two appendages in each place where one was cut off.
		A native plant in parts of Asia, Africa and Australia, hydrilla was probably brought into the U.S. in the 1950s by the aquarium trade.
		Hydrilla is a submerged perennial forming dense stands of very long stems in the water.
	lamer.lsu.edu /topics/exotics/hydrilla (243 words)

	Lake James Hydrilla Infestation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla is called the perfect aquatic weed because it grows robustly like kudzu and shades or crowds out other plants including algae.
		This means that hydrilla can begin to photosynthesize earlier in the morning and thus successfully compete with other aquatic plants for limited dissolved carbon in the water.
		Hydrilla has been found growing at a depth of 15 m in Crystal River and commonly occurs in water 3 m deep in Florida lakes.
	ljea.org /hydrilla.html (980 words)

	Information about hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
		Hydrilla is not known to occur in Oregon, Idaho, or British Columbia.
		A suspected infestation of hydrilla was confirmed in Pipe Lake and Lucerne Lake in King County Washington on June 1, 1995.
		Within two months after an extensive diver-dredging project on the Potomac, hydrilla had reestablished itself at levels equal to nondredged areas either with fragments drifting in from adjacent areas or from new plants regenerated from the tubers that were missed by the divers.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Hydrilla_verticillata.html (2906 words)

	Hydrilla (Maine DEP)
		For control of the existing hydrilla infestation within Pickerel Pond, staffers from DEP’s Aquatic Invasive Species Program are investigating methods that range from providing guidance to shoreland owners on how to pull the weeds by hand and how to install barriers on the pond’s floor to state-supervised use of herbicides.
		Hydrilla is a prolific weed that forms stems reaching up to 30 feet in length.
		Hydrilla can not only out-compete native aquatic plants, it can infest a lake more aggressively than variable-leaf milfoil, the one other invasive plant known to be established in Maine.
	www.state.me.us /dep/blwq/topic/invasives/hy1.htm (423 words)

	Hydrilla verticillata -- Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla verticillata -- Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
		Hydrilla often has one or more sharp teeth along the length of the leaf mid-rib.
		It also produces 1/4 inch turions at the leaf axils and potato-like tubers attached to the roots in the mud.
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /hyvepic.html (172 words)

	Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) - A Noxious Aquatic Weed in Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla forms dense mats of vegetation that interfere with recreation and destroy fish and wildlife habitat.
		Hydrilla is not being sold today, but it was recently introduced to California as a contaminant of water lily rhizomes.
		Hydrilla can be distinguished from these two plants by the presence of tubers (0.2 to 0.4 inch long, off-white to yellowish, potato-like structures buried in the sediment).
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/wq/plants/weeds/hydrilla.html (870 words)

	VA NHP Fact Sheet Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla is a submersed herbaceous freshwater aquatic plant in the Frog's-bit family (Hydrocharitaceae).
		In Virginia, hydrilla is on the increase and is found in freshwater systems from the Potomac River to Lake Gaston.
		Hydrilla is an aggressive aquatic plant that can physically crowd out and out-compete native water plants.
	www.vnps.org /invasive/FSHYDR.html (591 words)

	Hydrilla-Exotic Aquatics on The Move
		Hydrilla verticillata) is thought to have been introduced to North America in Florida sometime during the 1950's.
		Hydrilla has been categorized as one of the world's worst weeds, and it is certainly among the most notorious of submerged aquatic plant species.
		Colle and Shireman (1980) found sportfish reduced in weight and size when hydrilla occupied the majority of the water column, suggesting that foraging efficiency was reduced as open water space and natural vegetation gradients were lost.
	www.iisgcp.org /EXOTICSP/hydrilla.htm (1829 words)

	Hydrilla management in North Carolina
		Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), an exotic aquatic macrophyte believed to be native to Africa, poses a problem for water resource managers in the southern latitudes of the United States.
		Hydrilla spreads rapidly and is difficult to control because the plant has several means of asexual reproduction.
		The presence of hydrilla in 13 lakes and ponds west and south of Raleigh (North Carolina) in the Neuse River drainage is a serious threat to the Falls of the Neuse and B. Everett Jordan Reservoirs.
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/wrri/reports/report217.html (1147 words)

	hydrilla tip mining midge - Cricotopus sp.
		Hydrilla is a submersed aquatic plant endemic to the Old World tropics that was introduced into Florida by the aquarium industry in the late 1950's from Sri Lanka (Langeland 1990).
		In 1992, USDA researchers discovered midge larvae attacking the apical meristems of hydrilla in the Crystal River watershed in Citrus County, Florida (G.R. Buckingham, personal communication), and that the damaged hydrilla at one site was stunted and unable to grow to the surface.
		This type of damage is desirable for managing hydrilla because it would eliminate most of the adverse effects caused by the formation of the dense surface mats, such as changes in biodiversity, water chemistry, circulation and temperature.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /aquatic/hydrilla_tip_mining_midge.htm (1398 words)

	Hydrilla
		Hydrilla is a highly aggressive invasive aquatic plant that can seriously degrade the ecology, recreational usage and water quality of freshwater systems.
		Hydrilla is a submerged aquatic perennial plant with a trailing growth habit.
		Hydrilla is able to grow in a wide variety of ecological settings including both still and slow- flowing waters.
	www.umext.maine.edu /onlinepubs/htmpubs/2527.htm (876 words)

	Hydrilla Removal for lake, pond problems
		Hydrilla can take over your lake and choke out all other vegetation.
		Hydrilla can clog your boat's intake and cause the motor to overheat.
		Hydrilla can lower your property value by making your water unusable.
	www.killhydrilla.com (253 words)

	IPANE - Catalog of Species Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hydrilla verticillata is a submerged, aquatic perennial herb that can grow from depths of 6 m (20 ft.).
		Hydrilla verticillata was first introduced into the U.S. in the 1950s in Florida for use as an aquarium plant.
		However, in Connecticut, hydrilla has only been found in ponds and lakes that range in size from a 1 acre pond to a 50 acre lake.
	webapps.lib.uconn.edu /ipane/browsing.cfm?descriptionid=22 (1268 words)

	Hydrilla, Egeria, and Elodea
		Hydrilla occurs in tropical to temperate regions on all continents except Antarctica.
		Hydrilla and Brazilian elodea stems usually die during periods of prolonged near freezing temperatures.
		Sterile triploid grass carp consume hydrilla and are useful in aquatic systems where total removal of all submerged vegetation is acceptable.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /phpps/ipc/weedinfo/hydrilla.htm (1639 words)

	Hydrilla - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States
		Damage to hydrilla is probably due to a reduction in total photosynthetic area caused by the leaf damage (Doyle et al., 2002), which reduces growth and vigor and leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the affected plants.
		Histology of infection of Hydrilla verticillata by Macrophomina
		(Diptera: Ephydridae) on the submersed aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae).
	www.invasive.org /eastern/biocontrol/7Hydrilla.html (10384 words)

	Hydrilla: Invader that chokes waters
		Hydrilla's ability to grow in more temperate waters means it will probably spread to additional states unless boaters and others are vigilant.
		In California, hydrilla hitchhiked along with a shipment of water lilies that were deliberately planted in a lake.
		Hydrilla grows aggressively, replacing native plants and decreasing open water, which crowds out ducks and other waterfowl (though some birds do feed on the plant).
	www.ucsusa.org /invasive_species/hydrilla-invader-that-chokes-waters.html (1084 words)

	Harmful Aquatic Hitchhikers: Plants: Hydrilla
		Hydrilla is an invisible menace until it fills the lake or river that it infests, "topping out" at the surface.
		When hydrilla invades an area, ecologically important native, submersed plants are shaded out by hydrilla’s thick mats, or are simply out competed and eliminated.
		Hydrilla spreads to new waters mainly as fragments on boats and trailers.
	www.protectyourwaters.net /hitchhikers/plants_hydrilla.php (647 words)

	The Oakland Press: Local News: Hunt is on to thwart spread of hydrilla
		Hydrilla was thought to be exclusively a problem in warmer Southern states.
		Sea Grant is starting a "Hydrilla Hunt" effort to quickly identify and target the plant before it can establish a permanent beachhead in Michigan.
		Sea Grant has what it calls Hydrilla Hunt ID Cards that depict the physical characteristics of the plant, how to tell it from a native plant, and how to report possible sightings.
	www.theoaklandpress.com /stories/070904/loc_20040709096.shtml (1140 words)

	Hydrilla verticillata
		Lake Ouachita is a 42,000 acre lake, with an approximate hydrilla infestation size of 4,000 acres.
		Hydrilla has been verified growing in waters of 7.3 m in depth with expected growth to be in the 9.1 - 10.7 m level in the near future due to light pentration to 12.2 m in depth and to the sedimentary composition of the lake.
		Hydrilla is mainly introduced to new waters as castaway fragments on recreational boats, their motors and trailers and in live wells.
	nas.er.usgs.gov /taxgroup/plants/docs/hy_verti.html (2191 words)

	Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas: Hydrilla
		Hydrilla attracted national attention when infestations were found in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. in the early 1980s.
		Hydrilla is a federal noxious weed that is documented throughout the southern United States from California to Delaware.
		Hydrilla out-competes native submerged aquatic vegetation and can quickly fill a pond or lake, thus choking off the water body for boating, fishing, swimming and other recreational uses.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/hyve.htm (473 words)

	Hydrilla verticillata - Invasive Aquatic Plants of the United States
		Hydrilla verticillata: submersed, with long, slender stems that branch and spread across the water surface; leaves are small, pointed and arranged in whorls of 4 to 8 along the stem; leaf margins are distinctly saw-toothed; the plant is noticeably rough to the touch when pulled through the hand
		Hydrilla verticillata was probably brought to the Tampa and Miami, Florida areas as an aquarium plant in the late 1950s; by the 1970s, it was established throughout Florida.
		Hydrilla verticillata is an invisible menace, invisible that is until it fills the lake or river that it infests, "topping out" at the surface.
	plants.ifas.ufl.edu /seagrant/hydver2.html (1709 words)

	Hydrilla war at reservoir moves ahead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		City officials have applied for state grants that will soften the financial blow of fighting the aquatic weed, and they expect them to be approved by next spring.
		Hydrilla has affected approximately 40 acres of the reservoir.
		The fish are renowned for their ability to devour large amounts of hydrilla but can negatively impact the ecosystem if not controlled.
	www.rockymounttelegram.com /local/content/news/stories/2005/11/14/20051114RMThydrilla.html (685 words)

	About The Hydrilla Gorilla Bass Boat. Details about your aluminum jon boat, used jon boat, and used outboard boat motor.
		The "Hydrilla Gorilla" was originally an ordinary 14 foot deep and wide Monark jon boat and we bought it brand new.
		Hydrilla is actually an underwater grass that grows in the lakes here in Texas and fishermen here know to fish the "Hydrilla." That is where the name "Hydrilla Gorilla" came from!
		I have personally fished out of the "Hydrilla Gorilla" since 1985 and every trip is always enjoyable and satisfying because I am comfortable and able to fish anywhere on the lake that I want to.
	www.myjonboat.com /aboutboat.htm (1104 words)

	WOAI: San Antonio News - Hydrilla Returning to Lake Bastrop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A recent survey by river authority scientists found hydrilla covering 256 acres, or about 28 percent, of the lake, built in the 1960s as a water source for the natural gas-fired plant on its east shore.
		The weed, which snags boat propellers, impedes skiers and was blamed for one drowning on Lake Austin in 2001, is found in about 100 public bodies of water in Texas.
		Lake Austin's thousands of Asian grass carp, which were first authorized by the state in May 2002, have kept the hydrilla there to fewer than 200 acres.
	www.woai.com /news/local/story.aspx?content_id=57F82A0B-5872-4490-8DCE-120EB8E2D36D (472 words)

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