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Topic: Hydrobromic acid

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	Hydrobromic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydrobromic Acid is formed by dissolving the diatomic molecule hydrogen bromide in water.
		Hydrobromic acid is one of the strongest mineral acids known.
		Hydrobromic acid has commonly been prepared industrially by reacting bromine with either sulfur or phosphorus and water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrobromic_acid (216 words)

	HHMI Lab Safety: LCSS: HYDROBROMIC ACID AND HYDROGEN BROMIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hydrobromic acid and hydrogen bromide react violently with many metals with the generation of highly flammable hydrogen gas, which may explode.
		Hydrobromic acid should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C. Splash goggles and rubber gloves should be worn when handling this acid, and containers of HBr should be stored in a well-ventilated location separated from incompatible metals.
		In many localities, hydrobromic acid or the residue from a spill may be disposed of down the drain after appropriate dilution and neutralization.
	www.hhmi.org /about/labsafe/lcss/lcss47.html (792 words)

	Hydrochloric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use.
		Hydrochloric acid is frequently used in chemical analysis and to digest samples for analysis.
		Hydrochloric acid is a fundamental chemical, and as such it is used for a large number of small-scale applications, such as leather processing, household cleaning, and building construction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrochloric_acid (2517 words)

	411A: M2, U5, P3: Naming Acids and Bases
		However, the best approach, for our purposes, is to know the names of a relatively small number of acids and bases and to recognize the features of the name that signal the presence of different numbers of atoms.
		The acid formed from these ions reflects not only the number of oxygens in the anion but also, the number of potential oxyanions that can be made with that element.
		Finally, if the non-oxygen element in the anion does form oxyanions with 4 different numbers of oxygens, the acid formed with the one oxygen is named by placing the prefix "hypo" in front of the non-oxygen element root name and the suffix "ous".
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/411a/module02/unit05/page03.html (442 words)

	The first acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Acids are characterized by a sharp sour taste, which we experience when we taste vinegar, which contains acetic acid.
		Water is the conjugate acid of the base HO The Mg acts as a counter ion, first to the hydroxide ion and then to the bromide ion.
		Remember that a strong Brønsted acid must have a weak conjugate base because if the conjugate base was strongly attracted to the proton, the proton could not be lost easily and you would have a weak Brønsted acid.
	chemistry.boisestate.edu /rbanks/inorganic/acid-base/acid_base.htm (1388 words)

	SALICYLIC ACID (ortho-... - Online Information article about SALICYLIC ACID (ortho-...
		Potassium bichromate and sulphuric acid oxidize it to carbon dioxide and water; and potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid to chloranil.
		Salicyclic acid is not absorbed by the skin, but it rapidly kills the cells of the epidermis, without affecting the immediately subjacent cells of the dermis (" true skin ").
		Therapeutics.—Salicylic acid is used externally for the removal of corns and similar epidermic thickenings.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SAC_SAR/SALICYLIC_ACID_ortho_hydroxyben.html (2202 words)

	Searching for an elusive Molybdenum(V) species
		As the acid concentration is reduced, changes in the relative concentrations of species A and B are indicated by a broadening and increased assymmetry of the esr signal.
		As the acid concentration is reduced to 6M, the 450 nm band increases in prominence at the expense of the 375 nm and 414 nm bands.
		Though the electronic absorption spectra of the monomeric species in hydrobromic acid are significantly different from those of their counterparts in hydrochoric acid, the spectrum of the intermediate species is similar in both solvents.
	www.nfinity.com /~exile/redox.htm (2906 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The synthesis starts from the due amino acid which is dissolved in 48% hydrobromic acid (8 equivalents ver- sus 1 of amino acid) in water (2: 3 v/v) at 0°C, then added with sodium nitrite (3.2 equivalents versus 1 of amino acid).
		The preferred molar ratios in the range of the present invention provide the use of hydrobro- mic acid in an amount of 4 moles with respect to the amino acid, and of sodium nitrite in an amount of 1.3 moles always with respect to the amino acid.
		Process according to claim 6 wherein hydrobromic acid is used in an amount of from 4 to 8 moles with respect to (D)-phenyl-alanine.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/42431.990826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1332 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Generally, an alcohol cannot be converted into to an alkyl bromide by hydrobromic acid because hydroxide ion is a poor leaving group and cannot be displaced by a bromide ion.
		Sulfuric acid catalyzes the overall reaction by increasing the concentration of the protonated alcohol.
		Conclusion I conclude that the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction between 1-butanol and hydrobromic acid to form 1-bromobutane does occur when the alcohol is protonated by the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.
	www.rpi.edu /AFS/home/48/shahs2/public/27_post_lab.doc (1697 words)

	Resistoflex: Hydrobromic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pure hydrobromic acid is a clear, colorless, fuming corrosive liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
		The acid is commercially available in concentrations of 48% and 62%.
		Hydrobromic acid is used in the preparation of various chemical intermediates, synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, bromides and in photography.
	www.resistoflex.com /hydrobromic.htm (143 words)

	Resistoflex: Handling Acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) is used to dissolve ores, clean stone and brick, acidize oil wells, electropolish metals, etc. It is also used as an alternate source of fluorine for aluminum production.
		Hydrobromic Acid (HBr) is used in the preparation of various chemical intermediates, synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, bromides and in photography.
		Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide and Hydriodic Acid (HI) is used in the preparation of iodine salts, pharmaceuticals, and as a disinfectant.
	www.resistoflex.com /handlingacid.htm (223 words)

	SALICYLIC ACID - LoveToKnow Article on SALICYLIC ACID (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Phenyl salicylate, C6H4(OH).C.O2C6H5, or salol, is obtained by heating salicylic acid, phenol and phosphorus oxychloride to 120-125 C.; by heating salicylic acid to 220 C.; or by heating salicyl metaphosphoric acid and phenol to 140-150 C. (German Patent 85,565).
		Salicylic acid and salicin (q.v.) share the properties common to the group of aromatic acids, which, as a group, are antiseptic without being toxic to mana property practically, unique; are unstable in the body; are antipretic and analgesic; and diminish the excretion of urea by the kidneys.
		Salicyclic acid is not absorbed by the skin, but it rapidly kills the cells of the epidermis, without affecting the immediately subjacent cells of the dermis (true skin).
	www.1911ency.org /S/SA/SALICYLIC_ACID.htm (1758 words)

	ALS Chemex
		A weak acid attack is generally referred to as a "leach" and while it may result in a quantitative extraction of the element(s) of interest, most of the sample will remain undissolved.
		Hydrofluoric acid is capable of reacting with silica to completely destroy silicate matrices and thus liberate all trace constituents.
		The high nitric acid content is efficient in destroying sulphides and the acid combination is still sufficiently strong to solubilize easily soluble metals.
	www.alschemex.com /learnmore/learnmore-techinfo-principles-sampdecomposition.htm (1483 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		acid, thereto to carry out deprotection and salt formation reactions at the same time, and then cooling the reaction material to prepare the compound (1) without the recrystallization step.
		acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid,
		The process of claim 1, wherein the acid of formula HA is used in an amount of 80mol% to 120mol% relative to the compound of formula 4, the temperature on adding the acid is in the range of
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/87100.031023&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2308 words)

	Thioacetalization of the carbonyl function, transthioacetalization of acetals, ketals, oximes and hydrazones catalysed ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thioacetalization of aldehydes and ketones in the presence of hydrobromic acid (0.2 eq., 48 % w/w aq.)
		Accordingly, acetals, ketals, oximes and hydrazones were reacted with dithiols in presence of aqueous hydrobromic acid (48 % w/w) (scheme 3) and it was found that the thioacetals were obtained in high isolated yields (Table 2).
		Transthioacetalization of oximes, hydrazones and ketals in the presence of hydrobromic acid (0.2 eq., 48 % w/w aq.)
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2004/I14_General/1186/04-1186E.asp (2088 words)

	Hydrogen halides as acids
		The problem is that concentrated sulphuric acid is a reasonably strong oxidising agent, and as well as producing hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide, some of the halide ions are oxidised to bromine or iodine.
		The familiar steamy fumes of hydrogen chloride in moist air are caused by the hydrogen chloride reacting with water vapour in the air to produce a fog of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
		A proton is donated from the hydrogen chloride to one of the lone pairs on a water molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /inorganic/group7/acidityhx.html (2131 words)

	Hydrohalic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hydrohalic acid is a group name for the acids of the halogens, which are the aqueous solutions of the hydrogen halides:
		Fluorine F - hydrofluoric acid: HF Chlorine Cl - hydrochloric acid: HCl
		Iodine I - hydroiodic acid: HI As you move further up the list the acids strength decreases, even though hydrofluoric acid is by far the most corrosive on the list.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrohalic_acid (99 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Strong acid - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A strong acid is an acidic compound which ionizes completely or almost completely in aqueous solution.
		Differentiating between the strength of the strong acids in aqueous solutions is impossible, because the concentration of hydrogen ions is always equal to the concentration of the acid.
		Only through replacing water with concentrated Acetic acid as a diluent one can observe and measure diference in the tendency to dissociate the proton ion, among the strong acids.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/st/Strong_acid (153 words)

	CHM 152 General Chemistry II
		The Arrhenius definition is sufficient to describe the reaction of strong acids and bases with water.
		Acids are not limited to neutral molecules as the following two examples show.
		Every reaction between an acid an a base involves the transfer of protons from the acid to the base.
	wc.pima.edu /~skolchens/C152OL/Ch17/bronsted.htm (685 words)

	Naming Acids and Salts
		Hypochorous acid is a weak acid but it will react with a base to form salts that are called hypochlorite salts.
		The electron pulling ability of Oxygens shifts bonding electrons within the acid molecule away from the hydrogen and weakens the bond between the Hydrogen and the Oxygen atom it is attached to.
		This is a weak acid and yet it ends in "ic", but the observation works well enough to use it.
	members.aol.com /profchm/acidname.html (1445 words)

	HYDROBROMIC ACID CASRN
		Hydrobromic acid is a soln of hydrogen bromide gas in water
		Prepn: by dissolving hydrogen bromide in water, or by distilling from a mixture of sodium bromide and 50% sulfuric acid.
		Liquefied hydrobromic acid is available commercially in cylinders and various strengths of aqueous hydrobromic acid are available in drums or tank cars.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /hydrobromic_acid_casrn.htm (4341 words)

	Sulfuric Acid
		It may surprise you to learn that concentrated sulfuric acid can be stored in uncoated, unlined carbon steel tanks at ambient temperature because, concentrated sulfuric acid forms a protective iron sulfate film on the carbon steel that prevents carbon steel metal loss.
		Concentrated sulfuric acid has a tendency to absorb water causing it to become diluted and hence corrosive.
		Since sulfuric acid is almost twice as heavy as water, the plate thickness required would be more than for a tank designed to store water.
	www.tankteam.com /sulfuric_acid.htm (700 words)

	Inorganic Reactivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		If a weak acid is used, you must write out the complete formula of the acid, because most of the molecules of the acid are not ionized.
		Therefore, reactions involving sulfuric acid occur in two steps whenever the base is in excess.
		If the acid is in excess, this reaction is not valid and will lead to incorrect predictions about the product mixture.
	www.ccsf.edu /Departments/Chemistry/chem101a/resourc/sol_rul.htm (617 words)

	KODAK: H-24 Module 5 - The Ozone Method for Ferricyanide Bleach Recovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hydrobromic acid causes severe skin and eye burns.
		Hydrobromic acid, HBr, is available as 49% HBr in water and is sold in 4-kg containers.
		Its properties are similar to those of hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, and it should be handled with the same techniques and precautions as hydrochloric acid.
	www.kodak.com /US/en/motion/support/processing/h245/h240510.shtml (474 words)

	ChemTeam: Nomenclature - Acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As you become more sophisticated in your chemistry, you will realize that there are many acid formulas that do not start with H, but those will almost all be left for another time.
		An alternate way to write acetic acid is HC This is done in the inorganic style which you are currently studying.
		the word "acid" is used as the second word in the name.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Nomenclature/Acid-Nomenclature.html (360 words)

	Acid Nomenclature Help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Binary acids are named by writing hydro followed by the root of the name of the halogen, then -ic, and finally acid:
		The only exception to remember is that the “o” in hydro is left off for HI(aq), so its name is hydriodic acid (an acid used to make pharmaceuticals).
		Similarly, although the usual root for phosphorus is phosph-, the root phosphor‑ is used for phosphorus-containing oxyacids, as in the name phosphoric acid.
	www.mpcfaculty.net /mark_bishop/acid_nomenclature_help.htm (311 words)

	[No title]
		19) 150,000 L of a solution containing 45 grams of nitric acid and 998 grams of hydrobromic acid.
		3.33 8) A solution containing 8.543 moles of hydrobromic acid in 1098 L of water.
		1.54 19) A solution containing 45 grams of nitric acid and 998 grams of hydrobromic acid in 150,000 L of water.
	misterguch.brinkster.net /001_017.doc (585 words)

	Chemistry: Molybdenum (V) Solutions in Hydrobromic Acid
		One would think this would be easy, since it is easy to precipitate oxobromomolybdate(V) compounds from concentrated hydrobromic acid solution by adding a suitable cation.
		In concentrated acid there are two distinct peaks at 413 nm and 376 nm and two weaker bands at 472 nm and 698 nm.
		I came to the conclusion from this and other experimental data, and the literature, that the Molybdenum(V) species in concentrated hydrobromic acid is most like the the Type II oxobromomolybdate(V) anion.
	www.nfinity.com /~exile/chem.htm (774 words)

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